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1. The fast X-ray transient EP240315a: a z ~ 5 gamma-ray burst in a Lyman continuum leaking galaxy

Author

Levan, Andrew J., Jonker, Peter G., Saccardi, Andrea, Malesani, Daniele Bjørn, Tanvir, Nial R., Izzo, Luca, Heintz, Kasper E., Sánchez, Daniel Mata, Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan, Torres, Manuel A. P., Vergani, Susanna D., Schulze, Steve, Rossi, Andrea, D'Avanzo, Paolo, Gompertz, Benjamin, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte, Schneider, Benjamin, Yuan, Weimin, Ling, Zhixing, Zhang, Wenjie, Mao, Xuan, Liu, Yuan, Sun, Hui, Xu, Dong, Zhu, Zipei, Fernández, José Feliciano Agüí, Amati, Lorenzo, Bauer, Franz E., Campana, Sergio, Carotenuto, Francesco, Chrimes, Ashley, van Dalen, Joyce N. D., D'Elia, Valerio, Della Valle, Massimo, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dhillon, Vikram S., Galbany, Lluís, Gaspari, Nicola, Gianfagna, Giulia, Gomboc, Andreja, Habeeb, Nusrin, van Hoof, Agnes P. C., Hu, Youdong, Jakobsson, Pall, Julakanti, Yashaswi, Korth, Judith, Kouveliotou, Chryssa, Laskar, Tanmoy, Littlefair, Stuart P., Maiorano, Elisabetta, Mao, Jirong, Melandri, Andrea, Miller, M. Coleman, Mukherjee, Tamal, Oates, Samantha R., O'Brien, Paul, Palmerio, Jesse T., Parviainen, Hannu, Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A., Piranomonte, Silvia, Piro, Luigi, Pugliese, Giovanna, Ravasio, Maria E., Rayson, Ben, Salvaterra, Ruben, Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén, Sarin, Nikhil, Shilling, Samuel P. R., Starling, Rhaana L. C., Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh, Thöne, Christina C., Wiersema, Klaas, Worssam, Isabelle, and Zafar, Tayyaba

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The nature of the minute-to-hour long Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) localised by telescopes such as Chandra, Swift, and XMM-Newton remains mysterious, with numerous models suggested for the events. Here, we report multi-wavelength observations of EP240315a, a 1600 s long transient detected by the Einstein Probe, showing it to have a redshift of z=4.859. We measure a low column density of neutral hydrogen, indicating that the event is embedded in a low-density environment, further supported by direct detection of leaking ionising Lyman-continuum. The observed properties are consistent with EP240315a being a long-duration gamma-ray burst, and these observations support an interpretation in which a significant fraction of the FXT population are lower-luminosity examples of similar events. Such transients are detectable at high redshifts by the Einstein Probe and, in the (near) future, out to even larger distances by SVOM, THESEUS, and Athena, providing samples of events into the epoch of reionisation., Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures, submitted

Published
2024

2. A lanthanide-rich kilonova in the aftermath of a long gamma-ray burst

Author

Yang, Yu-Han, Troja, Eleonora, O'Connor, Brendan, Fryer, Chris L., Im, Myungshin, Durbak, Joe, Paek, Gregory S. H., Ricci, Roberto, De Bom, Clécio R., Gillanders, James H., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Peng, Zong-Kai, Dichiara, Simone, Ryan, Geoffrey, van Eerten, Hendrik, Dai, Zi-Gao, Chang, Seo-Won, Choi, Hyeonho, De, Kishalay, Hu, Youdong, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Kutyrev, Alexander, Jeong, Mankeun, Lee, Chung-Uk, Makler, Martin, Navarete, Felipe, and Pérez-García, Ignacio

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Kilonovae are a rare class of astrophysical transients powered by the radioactive decay of nuclei heavier than iron, synthesized in the merger of two compact objects. Over the first few days, the kilonova evolution is dominated by a large number of radioactive isotopes contributing to the heating rate. On timescales of weeks to months, its behavior is predicted to differ depending on the ejecta composition and merger remnant. However, late-time observations of known kilonovae are either missing or limited. Here we report observations of a luminous red transient with a quasi-thermal spectrum, following an unusual gamma-ray burst of long duration. We classify this thermal emission as a kilonova and track its evolution up to two months after the burst. At these late times, the recession of the photospheric radius and the rapidly-decaying bolometric luminosity ($L_{\rm bol}\propto t^{-2.7\pm 0.4}$) support the recombination of lanthanide-rich ejecta as they cool., Comment: 47 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables; submitted; a minor typo fixed

Published
2023

3. A lanthanide-rich kilonova in the aftermath of a long gamma-ray burst

Author

Yang, Yu-Han, Troja, Eleonora, O’Connor, Brendan, Fryer, Chris L., Im, Myungshin, Durbak, Joe, Paek, Gregory S. H., Ricci, Roberto, Bom, Clécio R., Gillanders, James H., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Peng, Zong-Kai, Dichiara, Simone, Ryan, Geoffrey, van Eerten, Hendrik, Dai, Zi-Gao, Chang, Seo-Won, Choi, Hyeonho, De, Kishalay, Hu, Youdong, Kilpatrick, Charles D., Kutyrev, Alexander, Jeong, Mankeun, Lee, Chung-Uk, Makler, Martin, Navarete, Felipe, and Pérez-García, Ignacio

Published
2024
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4. Optical follow-up of the neutron star-black hole mergers S200105ae and S200115j

Author

Anand, Shreya, Coughlin, Michael W., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Bulla, Mattia, Ahumada, Tomás, Carracedo, Ana Sagués, Almualla, Mouza, Andreoni, Igor, Stein, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Singer, Leo P., Sollerman, Jesper, Bellm, Eric C., Bolin, Bryce, Caballero-García, M. D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dekany, Richard G., Duev, Dmitry A., Feeney, Michael, Fremling, Christoffer, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Guessoum, Nidhal, Hankins, Matthew J., Hu, Youdong, Kong, Albert K. H., Kool, Erik C., Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Harsh, Laher, Russ R., Masci, Frank J., Mróz, Przemek, Nissanke, Samaya, Porter, Michael, Reusch, Simeon, Riddle, Reed, Rosnet, Philippe, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Rigault, Mickael, Shupe, David L., Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Walters, Richard, and Valeev, Azamat F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3) revealed the first neutron star-black hole (NSBH) merger candidates in gravitational waves. These events are predicted to synthesize r-process elements creating optical/near-IR "kilonova" (KN) emission. The joint gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic detection of an NSBH merger could be used to constrain the equation of state of dense nuclear matter, and independently measure the local expansion rate of the universe. Here, we present the optical follow-up and analysis of two of the only three high-significance NSBH merger candidates detected to date, S200105ae and S200115j, with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). ZTF observed $\sim$\,48\% of S200105ae and $\sim$\,22\% of S200115j's localization probabilities, with observations sensitive to KNe brighter than $-$17.5\,mag fading at 0.5\,mag/day in g- and r-bands; extensive searches and systematic follow-up of candidates did not yield a viable counterpart. We present state-of-the-art KN models tailored to NSBH systems that place constraints on the ejecta properties of these NSBH mergers. We show that with depths of $\rm m_{\rm AB}\approx 22$ mag, attainable in meter-class, wide field-of-view survey instruments, strong constraints on ejecta mass are possible, with the potential to rule out low mass ratios, high BH spins, and large neutron star radii.

Published
2020
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5. Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Mergers

Author

Kasliwal, Mansi M., Anand, Shreya, Ahumada, Tomas, Stein, Robert, Carracedo, Ana Sagues, Andreoni, Igor, Coughlin, Michael W., Singer, Leo P., Kool, Erik C., De, Kishalay, Kumar, Harsh, AlMualla, Mouza, Yao, Yuhan, Bulla, Mattia, Dobie, Dougal, Reusch, Simeon, Perley, Daniel A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Bhalerao, Varun, Kaplan, David L., Sollerman, Jesper, Goobar, Ariel, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Bellm, Eric C., Anupama, G. C., Corsi, Alessandra, Nissanke, Samaya, Agudo, Ivan, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Barway, Sudhanshu, Belicki, Justin, Bloom, Joshua S., Bolin, Bryce, Buckley, David A. H., Burdge, Kevin B., Burruss, Rick, Caballero-Garcıa, Maria D., Cannella, Chris, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cook, David O., Cooke, Jeff, Cunningham, Virginia, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Deshmukh, Kunal, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Franckowiak, Anna, Frederick, Sara, Fremling, Christoffer, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Hankins, Matthew J., Helou, George, Hu, Youdong, Ip, Wing-Huen, Jaodand, Amruta, Karambelkar, Viraj, Kong, Albert K. H., Kowalski, Marek, Khandagale, Maitreya, Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Brajesh, Laher, Russ R., Li, K. L., Mahabal, Ashish, Masci, Frank J., Miller, Adam A., Mogotsi, Moses, Mohite, Siddharth, Mooley, Kunal, Mroz, Przemek, Newman, Jeffrey A., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Oates, Samantha R., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Pandey, Shashi B., Pavana, M., Pian, Elena, Riddle, Reed, Sanchez-Ramırez, Ruben, Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Troja, Eleonora, Valeev, Azamat F., Walters, Richard, Waratkar, Gaurav, Webb, Sara, Yu, Po-Chieh, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Zhou, Rongpu, and Zolkower, Jeffry

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run. We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization of 4480 deg^2, median distance of 267 Mpc and false alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 1e-25 per yr. The ZTF coverage had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8mag, and median response time of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UVOIR photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and 3 radio. We find no promising kilonova (radioactivity-powered counterpart) and we convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as GW170817 at discovery (-16.1mag), we calculate our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6mag (extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at 1 mag/day (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, <57% (<89%) of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6mag assuming flat (fading) evolution, at 90% confidence. If we further account for the online terrestrial probability for each GW trigger, we find that <68% of putative kilonovae could be brighter than -16.6mag. Comparing to model grids, we find that some kilonovae must have Mej < 0.03 Msun or Xlan>1e-4 or phi>30deg to be consistent with our limits. (Abridged), Comment: Submitted to ApJ

Published
2020
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6. Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3

Author

Kasliwal, Mansi M, Anand, Shreya, Ahumada, Tomás, Stein, Robert, Carracedo, Ana Sagués, Andreoni, Igor, Coughlin, Michael W, Singer, Leo P, Kool, Erik C, De, Kishalay, Kumar, Harsh, AlMualla, Mouza, Yao, Yuhan, Bulla, Mattia, Dobie, Dougal, Reusch, Simeon, Perley, Daniel A, Cenko, S Bradley, Bhalerao, Varun, Kaplan, David L, Sollerman, Jesper, Goobar, Ariel, Copperwheat, Christopher M, Bellm, Eric C, Anupama, GC, Corsi, Alessandra, Nissanke, Samaya, Agudo, Iván, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Barway, Sudhanshu, Belicki, Justin, Bloom, Joshua S, Bolin, Bryce, Buckley, David AH, Burdge, Kevin B, Burruss, Rick, Caballero-García, Maria D, Cannella, Chris, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J, Cook, David O, Cooke, Jeff, Cunningham, Virginia, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Deshmukh, Kunal, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A, Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Franckowiak, Anna, Frederick, Sara, Fremling, Christoffer, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A, Golkhou, V Zach, Graham, Matthew J, Graham, Melissa L, Hankins, Matthew J, Helou, George, Hu, Youdong, Ip, Wing-Huen, Jaodand, Amruta, Karambelkar, Viraj, Kong, Albert KH, Kowalski, Marek, Khandagale, Maitreya, Kulkarni, SR, Kumar, Brajesh, Laher, Russ R, Li, KL, Mahabal, Ashish, Masci, Frank J, Miller, Adam A, Mogotsi, Moses, Mohite, Siddharth, Mooley, Kunal, Mroz, Przemek, Newman, Jeffrey A, Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Oates, Samantha R, Patil, Atharva Sunil, Pandey, Shashi B, Pavana, M, Pian, Elena, Riddle, Reed, Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén, Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T, Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Troja, Eleonora, Valeev, Azamat F, Walters, Richard, Waratkar, Gaurav, Webb, Sara, and Yu, Po-Chieh

Subjects
Neutron stars, Black holes, Gravitational waves, Nucleosynthesis, R-process, Compact objects, Spectroscopy, Sky surveys, Photometry, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.SR, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg2, a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10-25 yr-1. The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (-16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than-16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day-1 (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than-16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than 10-4, or φ > 30° to be consistent with our limits. We look forward to searches in the fourth GW observing run; even 17 neutron star mergers with only 50% coverage to a depth of-16 mag would constrain the maximum fraction of bright kilonovae to

Published
2020

7. GROWTH on S190814bv: Deep Synoptic Limits on the Optical/Near-Infrared Counterpart to a Neutron Star-Black Hole Merger

Author

Andreoni, Igor, Goldstein, Daniel A., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Nugent, Peter E., Zhou, Rongpu, Newman, Jeffrey A., Bulla, Mattia, Foucart, Francois, Hotokezaka, Kenta, Nakar, Ehud, Nissanke, Samaya, Raaijmakers, Geert, Bloom, Joshua S., De, Kishalay, Jencson, Jacob E., Ward, Charlotte, Ahumada, Tomás, Anand, Shreya, Buckley, David A. H., Caballero-García, Maria D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Copperwheat, Christopher M., Coughlin, Michael W., Cenko, S. Bradley, Gromadzki, Mariusz, Hu, Youdong D., Karambelkar, Viraj R., Perley, Daniel A., Sharma, Yashvi, Valeev, Azamat F., Cook, David O., Fremling, U. Christoffer, Kumar, Harsh, Taggart, Kirsty, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Cooke, Jeff, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Dhawan, Suhail, Dobie, Dougal, Gatkine, Pradip, Golkhou, V. Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Chaves, Andreas Guerra, Hankins, Matthew, Kaplan, David L., Kong, Albert K. H., Kool, Erik C., Mohite, Siddharth, Sollerman, Jesper, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Webb, Sara, and Zhang, Keming

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

On 2019 August 14, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected the high-significance gravitational wave (GW) signal S190814bv. The GW data indicated that the event resulted from a neutron star--black hole (NSBH) merger, or potentially a low-mass binary black hole merger. Due to the low false alarm rate and the precise localization (23 deg$^2$ at 90\%), S190814bv presented the community with the best opportunity yet to directly observe an optical/near-infrared counterpart to a NSBH merger. To search for potential counterparts, the GROWTH collaboration performed real-time image subtraction on 6 nights of public Dark Energy Camera (DECam) images acquired in the three weeks following the merger, covering $>$98\% of the localization probability. Using a worldwide network of follow-up facilities, we systematically undertook spectroscopy and imaging of optical counterpart candidates. Combining these data with a photometric redshift catalog, we ruled out each candidate as the counterpart to S190814bv and we placed deep, uniform limits on the optical emission associated with S190814bv. For the nearest consistent GW distance, radiative transfer simulations of NSBH mergers constrain the ejecta mass of S190814bv to be $M_\mathrm{ej} < 0.04$~$M_{\odot}$ at polar viewing angles, or $M_\mathrm{ej} < 0.03$~$M_{\odot}$ if the opacity is $\kappa < 2$~cm$^2$g$^{-1}$. Assuming a tidal deformability for the neutron star at the high end of the range compatible with GW170817 results, our limits would constrain the BH spin component aligned with the orbital momentum to be $ \chi < 0.7$ for mass ratios $Q < 6$, with weaker constraints for more compact neutron stars. We publicly release the photometry from this campaign at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~danny/static/s190814bv., Comment: Accepted to ApJ with no major changes

Published
2019
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8. GROWTH on S190814bv: Deep Synoptic Limits on the Optical/Near-infrared Counterpart to a Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger

Author

Andreoni, Igor, Goldstein, Daniel A, Kasliwal, Mansi M, Nugent, Peter E, Zhou, Rongpu, Newman, Jeffrey A, Bulla, Mattia, Foucart, Francois, Hotokezaka, Kenta, Nakar, Ehud, Nissanke, Samaya, Raaijmakers, Geert, Bloom, Joshua S, De, Kishalay, Jencson, Jacob E, Ward, Charlotte, Ahumada, Tomás, Anand, Shreya, Buckley, David AH, Caballero-García, Maria D, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J, Copperwheat, Christopher M, Coughlin, Michael W, Cenko, S Bradley, Gromadzki, Mariusz, Hu, Youdong, Karambelkar, Viraj R, Perley, Daniel A, Sharma, Yashvi, Valeev, Azamat F, Cook, David O, Fremling, U Christoffer, Kumar, Harsh, Taggart, Kirsty, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Cooke, Jeff, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Dhawan, Suhail, Dobie, Dougal, Gatkine, Pradip, Golkhou, V Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Chaves, Andreas Guerra, Hankins, Matthew, Kaplan, David L, Kong, Albert KH, Kool, Erik C, Mohite, Siddharth, Sollerman, Jesper, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Webb, Sara, and Zhang, Keming

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Vaccine Related, astro-ph.HE, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

On 2019 August 14, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected the high-significance gravitational wave (GW) signal S190814bv. The GW data indicated that the event resulted from a neutron star-black hole (NSBH) merger, or potentially a low-mass binary BH merger. Due to the low false-alarm rate and the precise localization (23 deg2 at 90%), S190814bv presented the community with the best opportunity yet to directly observe an optical/near-infrared counterpart to an NSBH merger. To search for potential counterparts, the GROWTH Collaboration performed real-time image subtraction on six nights of public Dark Energy Camera images acquired in the 3 weeks following the merger, covering >98% of the localization probability. Using a worldwide network of follow-up facilities, we systematically undertook spectroscopy and imaging of optical counterpart candidates. Combining these data with a photometric redshift catalog, we ruled out each candidate as the counterpart to S190814bv and placed deep, uniform limits on the optical emission associated with S190814bv. For the nearest consistent GW distance, radiative transfer simulations of NSBH mergers constrain the ejecta mass of S190814bv to be M ej < 0.04 M o˙ at polar viewing angles, or M ej < 0.03 M o˙ if the opacity is κ < 2 cm2g-1. Assuming a tidal deformability for the NS at the high end of the range compatible with GW170817 results, our limits would constrain the BH spin component aligned with the orbital momentum to be χ < 0.7 for mass ratios Q < 6, with weaker constraints for more compact NSs.

Published
2020

12. Optical follow-up of the neutron star–black hole mergers S200105ae and S200115j

Author

Anand, Shreya, Coughlin, Michael W., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Bulla, Mattia, Ahumada, Tomás, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, Almualla, Mouza, Andreoni, Igor, Stein, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Singer, Leo P., Sollerman, Jesper, Bellm, Eric C., Bolin, Bryce, Caballero-García, M. D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dekany, Richard G., Duev, Dmitry A., Feeney, Michael, Fremling, Christoffer, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Guessoum, Nidhal, Hankins, Matthew J., Hu, Youdong, Kong, Albert K. H., Kool, Erik C., Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Harsh, Laher, Russ R., Masci, Frank J., Mróz, Przemek, Nissanke, Samaya, Porter, Michael, Reusch, Simeon, Riddle, Reed, Rosnet, Philippe, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Rigault, Mickael, Shupe, David L., Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Walters, Richard, and Valeev, Azamat F.

Published
2021
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15. Optimizing transseptal puncture guided by three-dimensional mapping: the role of a unipolar electrogram in a needle tip.

Author

Chen, Yifan, Wu, Xiaoyan, Yang, Mengting, Li, Zhibin, Zhou, Ruya, Lin, Weiqian, Zheng, Cheng, Hu, Youdong, Li, Jin, Li, Yuechun, Lin, Jiafeng, Gallagher, Mark M, and Li, Jia

Abstract

Aims A three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system–guided transseptal puncture (3D-TSP), without fluoroscopy or echocardiography, has been only minimally reported. Indications for 3D-TSP remain unclear. Against this background, this study aims to establish a precise technique and create a workflow for validating and selecting eligible patients for fluoroless 3D-TSP. Methods and results We developed a new methodology for 3D-TSP based on a unipolar electrogram derived from a transseptal needle tip (UEGM tip) in 102 patients (the derivation cohort) with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) from March 2018 to February 2019. The apparent current of injury (COI) was recorded at the muscular limbus of the foramen ovalis (FO) on the UEGM tip (sinus rhythm: 2.57 ± 0.95 mV, atrial fibrillation: 1.92 ± 0.77 mV), which then disappeared or significantly reduced at the central FO. Changes in the COI, serving as a major criterion to establish a 3D-TSP workflow, proved to be the most valuable indicator for identifying the FO in 99% (101/102) of patients compared with three previous techniques (three minor criteria) of reduction in atrial unipolar or bipolar potential and FO protrusion. A total of 99.9% (1042/1043) patients in the validation cohort underwent successful 3D-TSP through the workflow from March 2019 to July 2023. Intracardiac echocardiography guidance was required for 6.6% (69/1042) of patients. All four criteria were met in 740 patients, resulting in a 100% pure fluoroless 3D-TSP success rate. Conclusion In most patients, fluoroless 3D-TSP was successfully achieved using changes in the COI on the UEGM tip. Patients who met all four criteria were considered suitable for 3D-TSP, while those who met none required ICE guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. A lanthanide-rich kilonova in the aftermath of a long gamma-ray burst

Author

Yang, Yu-Han, primary, Troja, Eleonora, additional, O'Connor, Brendan, additional, Fryer, Chris, additional, Im, Myungshin, additional, Durbak, Joe, additional, Paek, Gregory, additional, Ricci, Roberto, additional, De Bom, Clécio, additional, Gillanders, James, additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto, additional, Peng, Zong-Kai, additional, Dichiara, Simone, additional, Ryan, Geoffrey, additional, Eerten, Hendrik van, additional, Dai, Z. G., additional, Chang, Seo-Won, additional, Choi, Hyeonho, additional, De, Kishalay, additional, Hu, Youdong, additional, Kilpatrick, Charles, additional, Kutyrev, Alexander, additional, Jeong, Mankeun, additional, Lee, Chung-Uk, additional, Makler, Martin, additional, Navarrete, Felipe, additional, and Pérez-García, Ignacio, additional

Published
2023
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21. Mechanism exploration of 6-Gingerol in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation

Author

Hu, Youdong, primary, Liu, Tingting, additional, Zheng, Guangzhen, additional, Zhou, Li, additional, Ma, Ke, additional, Xiong, Xiaolian, additional, Zheng, Cheng, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Zhu, Yong, additional, Bian, Wenhui, additional, Zheng, Xiangde, additional, Xiong, Qingping, additional, and Lin, Jiafeng, additional

Published
2023
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28. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers Associated with Multiple Peripheral Artery Occlusions in Elderly Patients.

Author

Li, Xia, Guo, Dianxuan, Zhou, Wenhang, Hu, Youdong, Zhou, Hualan, and Chen, Ying

Subjects
BIOMARKERS, ILIAC artery, INFLAMMATION, PERIPHERAL vascular diseases, CELL receptors, NF-kappa B, OXIDATIVE stress, CELLULAR signal transduction, GENE expression, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, COMPARATIVE studies, MALONDIALDEHYDE, FEMORAL artery, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ARACHIDONIC acid, OLD age
Abstract

Background: Pro-oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses can influence each other in the development of atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and multiple peripheral artery occlusions in elderly patients (age mean 71.2 ± 8.1 years). Methods: A total of 723 participants were enrolled: 67 healthy subjects, 214 patients with common iliac artery occlusions, 224 patients with popliteal artery occlusions, and 218 patients with femoral artery occlusions. We measured oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], F2-isoprostane [F2-isoP], total oxidant status [TOS], and ischemia-modified albumin [IMA]) and the expressions of molecules in mimecan (MIME)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/P53/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in older patients with multiple peripheral artery occlusions. Results: The levels of MDA, F2-isoP, TOS, IMA, MIME, NF-κB, P53, and TLR4 were increased in the single-site peripheral artery occlusive group when compared with healthy controls (P <.001) and were further increased in the multiple-site peripheral artery occlusive group compared with the single-site peripheral artery occlusive group (P <.001). Conclusion: Oxidative stress may promote inflammatory signaling pathways and lead to multiple peripheral artery occlusions in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Supplemental Material - Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers Associated with Multiple Peripheral Artery Occlusions in Elderly Patients

Author

Li, Xia, Guo, Dianxuan, Zhou, Wenhang, Hu, Youdong, Zhou, Hualan, and Chen, Ying

Subjects
Cardiology
Abstract

Supplemental Material for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers Associated with Multiple Peripheral Artery Occlusions in Elderly Patients by Xia Li, MD Dianxuan Guo, Wenhang Zhou, Youdong Hu, Hualan Zhou, and Ying Chen in Angiology

Published
2022
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36. Multi-Messenger observations of the Fermi-LAT blazar 4FGL J0658.6+0636 consistent with an IceCube high-energy neutrino

Author

de Menezes, Raniere, primary, Buson, Sara, additional, Garrappa, Simone, additional, Gokus, Andrea, additional, Kadler, Matthias, additional, Cheung, Teddy, additional, Giroletti, Marcello, additional, Ajello, Marco, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Peña-Herazo, Harold, additional, Schüssler, Fabian, additional, Bernardini, Elisa, additional, Satalecka, Konstancja, additional, Berti, Alessio, additional, Otero-Santos, Jorge, additional, Paggi, Alessandro, additional, Tramacere, Andrea, additional, Ward, Charlotte, additional, Gezari, Suvi, additional, Hämmerich, Steven, additional, Wilms, Joern, additional, Colmar, Werner, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Eppel, Florian, additional, Heßdörfer, Jonas, additional, Kraus, Alex, additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Moldon, Javier, additional, Perez-Torres, Miguel, additional, Agudo, Ivan, additional, Bonnoli, Giacomo, additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto, additional, Hu, Youdong, additional, CABALLERO-GARCIA, Maria, additional, Fernandez-Garcia, Emilio, additional, Sanchez-Ramirez, Ruben, additional, Coleiro, Alexis, additional, Kouchner, Antoine, additional, Nanci, Cristina, additional, Sheng, Yong, additional, Rajagopal, Meenakshi, additional, Adams, C., additional, Archer, A., additional, Benbow, W., additional, Brill, A., additional, Buckley, J. H., additional, Capasso, M., additional, Christiansen, J., additional, Chromey, A. J., additional, Errando, M., additional, Falcone, A., additional, Farrell, K. A., additional, Feng, Q., additional, Foote, G. M., additional, Fortson, L., additional, Furniss, A., additional, Gent, A., additional, Gillanders, G. H., additional, Giuri, C., additional, Gueta, O., additional, Hanna, D., additional, Hervet, O., additional, Holder, J., additional, Hona, B., additional, Humensky, T. B., additional, Jin, W., additional, Kaaret, P., additional, Kertzman, M., additional, K.~Kleiner, T., additional, Kumar, S., additional, Lang, M., additional, Lundy, M., additional, Maier, G., additional, McGrath, C. E., additional, Moriarty, P., additional, Mukherjee, R., additional, Nieto, D., additional, Nievas-Rosillo, M., additional, O'Brien, S., additional, Ong, R. A., additional, Otte, A., additional, Patel, S. R., additional, Pfrang, K., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Prado, R., additional, Pueschel, E., additional, Quinn, J., additional, Ragan, K., additional, Reynolds, P. T., additional, Ribeiro, D., additional, Roache, E., additional, Ryan, J. A., additional, Sadeh, I., additional, Santander, M., additional, Sembroski, G. H., additional, Shang, R., additional, Tak, D., additional, Vassiliev, V., additional, Weinstein, A., additional, Williams, D. A., additional, Williamson, T. J., additional, Walters, Richard, additional, and J. Masci, Frank, additional

Published
2021
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37. Loading Gentamicin and Zn2+ on TiO2 Nanotubes to Improve Anticoagulation, Endothelial Cell Growth, and Antibacterial Activities

Author

Lin, Yuebin, primary, Zhang, Li, additional, Yang, Ya, additional, Yang, Minhui, additional, Hong, Qingxiang, additional, Chang, Keming, additional, Dai, Juan, additional, Chen, Lu, additional, Pan, Changjiang, additional, Hu, Youdong, additional, Quan, Li, additional, Wei, Yanchun, additional, Liu, Sen, additional, and Yang, Zhongmei, additional

Published
2021
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40. Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3

Author

Kasliwal, Mansi M., Anand, Shreya, Ahumada, Tomás, Stein, Robert, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, Andreoni, Igor, Coughlin, Michael W., Singer, Leo P., Kool, Erik C., De, Kishalay, Kumar, Harsh, AlMualla, Mouza, Yao, Yuhan, Bulla, Mattia, Dobie, Dougal, Reusch, Simeon, Perley, Daniel A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Bhalerao, Varun, Kaplan, David L., Sollerman, Jesper, Goobar, Ariel, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Bellm, Eric C., Anupama, G. C., Corsi, Alessandra, Nissanke, Samaya, Agudo, Iván, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Barway, Sudhanshu, Belicki, Justin, Bloom, Joshua S., Bolin, Bryce, Buckley, David A. H., Burdge, Kevin B., Burruss, Rick, Caballero-García, Maria D., Cannella, Chris, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cook, David O., Cooke, Jeff, Cunningham, Virginia, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Deshmukh, Kunal, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Franckowiak, Anna, Frederick, Sara, Fremling, Christoffer, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Hankins, Matthew J., Helou, George, Hu, Youdong, Ip, Wing-Huen, Jaodand, Amruta, Karambelkar, Viraj, Kong, Albert K. H., Kowalski, Marek, Khandagale, Maitreya, Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Brajesh, Laher, Russ R., Li, K. L., Mahabal, Ashish, Masci, Frank J., Miller, Adam A., Mogotsi, Moses, Mohite, Siddharth, Mooley, Kunal, Mroz, Przemek, Newman, Jeffrey A., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Oates, Samantha R., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Pandey, Shashi B., Pavana, M., Pian, Elena, Riddle, Reed, Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén, Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Troja, Eleonora, Valeev, Azamat F., Walters, Richard, Waratkar, Gaurav, Webb, Sara, Yu, Po-Chieh, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Zhou, Rongpu, Zolkower, Jeffry, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Anand, Shreya, Ahumada, Tomás, Stein, Robert, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, Andreoni, Igor, Coughlin, Michael W., Singer, Leo P., Kool, Erik C., De, Kishalay, Kumar, Harsh, AlMualla, Mouza, Yao, Yuhan, Bulla, Mattia, Dobie, Dougal, Reusch, Simeon, Perley, Daniel A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Bhalerao, Varun, Kaplan, David L., Sollerman, Jesper, Goobar, Ariel, Copperwheat, Christopher M., Bellm, Eric C., Anupama, G. C., Corsi, Alessandra, Nissanke, Samaya, Agudo, Iván, Bagdasaryan, Ashot, Barway, Sudhanshu, Belicki, Justin, Bloom, Joshua S., Bolin, Bryce, Buckley, David A. H., Burdge, Kevin B., Burruss, Rick, Caballero-García, Maria D., Cannella, Chris, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cook, David O., Cooke, Jeff, Cunningham, Virginia, Dahiwale, Aishwarya, Deshmukh, Kunal, Dichiara, Simone, Duev, Dmitry A., Dutta, Anirban, Feeney, Michael, Franckowiak, Anna, Frederick, Sara, Fremling, Christoffer, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Gatkine, Pradip, Ghosh, Shaon, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Graham, Melissa L., Hankins, Matthew J., Helou, George, Hu, Youdong, Ip, Wing-Huen, Jaodand, Amruta, Karambelkar, Viraj, Kong, Albert K. H., Kowalski, Marek, Khandagale, Maitreya, Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Brajesh, Laher, Russ R., Li, K. L., Mahabal, Ashish, Masci, Frank J., Miller, Adam A., Mogotsi, Moses, Mohite, Siddharth, Mooley, Kunal, Mroz, Przemek, Newman, Jeffrey A., Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Oates, Samantha R., Patil, Atharva Sunil, Pandey, Shashi B., Pavana, M., Pian, Elena, Riddle, Reed, Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén, Sharma, Yashvi, Singh, Avinash, Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Taggart, Kirsty, Tan, Hanjie, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Troja, Eleonora, Valeev, Azamat F., Walters, Richard, Waratkar, Gaurav, Webb, Sara, Yu, Po-Chieh, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Zhou, Rongpu, and Zolkower, Jeffry

Abstract

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg(2), a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10(-25) yr(-1). The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (-16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day(-1) (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than -16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than <57% (<89%) of

Published
2020
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41. Optical follow-up of the neutron star–black hole mergers S200105ae and S200115j

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Heising Simons Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Anand, Shreya, Coughlin, Michael W., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Bulla, Mattia, Ahumada, Tomás, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, Almualla, Mouza, Andreoni, Igor, Stein, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Singer, Leo P., Sollerman, Jesper, Bellm, Eric C., Bolin, Bryce, Caballero-García, M. D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dekany, Richard G., Duev, Dmitry A., Feeney, Michael, Fremling, Christoffer, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Guessoum, Nidhal, Hankins, Matthew J., Hu, Youdong, Kong, Albert K. H., Kool, Erik C., Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Harsh, Laher, Russ R., Masci, Frank J., Mróz, Przemek, Nissanke, Samaya, Porter, Michael, Reusch, Simeon, Riddle, Reed, Rosnet, Philippe, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Rigault, Mickael, Shupe, David L., Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Walters, Richard, Valeev, Azamat F., National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Heising Simons Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Anand, Shreya, Coughlin, Michael W., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Bulla, Mattia, Ahumada, Tomás, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, Almualla, Mouza, Andreoni, Igor, Stein, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Singer, Leo P., Sollerman, Jesper, Bellm, Eric C., Bolin, Bryce, Caballero-García, M. D., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cenko, S. Bradley, De, Kishalay, Dekany, Richard G., Duev, Dmitry A., Feeney, Michael, Fremling, Christoffer, Goldstein, Daniel A., Golkhou, V. Zach, Graham, Matthew J., Guessoum, Nidhal, Hankins, Matthew J., Hu, Youdong, Kong, Albert K. H., Kool, Erik C., Kulkarni, S. R., Kumar, Harsh, Laher, Russ R., Masci, Frank J., Mróz, Przemek, Nissanke, Samaya, Porter, Michael, Reusch, Simeon, Riddle, Reed, Rosnet, Philippe, Rusholme, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Rigault, Mickael, Shupe, David L., Smith, Roger, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Walters, Richard, and Valeev, Azamat F.

Abstract

LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run revealed the first neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger candidates in gravitational waves. These events are predicted to synthesize r-process elements creating optical/near-infrared ‘kilonova’ emission. The joint gravitational wave and electromagnetic detection of an NSBH merger could be used to constrain the equation of state of dense nuclear matter, and independently measure the local expansion rate of the Universe. Here, we present the optical follow-up and analysis of two of the only three high-significance NSBH merger candidates detected to date, S200105ae and S200115j, with the Zwicky Transient Facility. The Zwicky Transient Facility observed ~48% of S200105ae and ~22% of S200115j’s localization probabilities, with observations sensitive to kilonovae brighter than −17.5 mag fading at 0.5 mag d in the g- and r-bands; extensive searches and systematic follow-up of candidates did not yield a viable counterpart. We present state-of-the-art kilonova models tailored to NSBH systems that place constraints on the ejecta properties of these NSBH mergers. We show that with observed depths of apparent magnitude ~22 mag, attainable in metre-class, wide-field-of-view survey instruments, strong constraints on ejecta mass are possible, with the potential to rule out low mass ratios, high black hole spins and large neutron star radii. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Published
2020

42. Observational constraints on the optical and near-infrared emission from the neutron star-black hole binary merger candidate S190814bv

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Hawaii, Queen's University Belfast, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, University of Portsmouth, University of Turku, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (Chile), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Danish National Research Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Villum Fonden, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Ackley, K., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Hu, Youdong, Kann, D.A., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Hawaii, Queen's University Belfast, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, University of Portsmouth, University of Turku, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (Chile), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Danish National Research Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Villum Fonden, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Ackley, K., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Hu, Youdong, and Kann, D.A.

Abstract

Context. Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has rapidly reached maturity, becoming a fundamental observing window for modern astrophysics. The coalescences of a few tens of black hole (BH) binaries have been detected, while the number of events possibly including a neutron star (NS) is still limited to a few. On 2019 August 14, the LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected a high-significance event labelled S190814bv. A preliminary analysis of the GW data suggests that the event was likely due to the merger of a compact binary system formed by a BH and a NS. Aims. In this paper, we present our extensive search campaign aimed at uncovering the potential optical and near infrared electromagnetic counterpart of S190814bv. We found no convincing electromagnetic counterpart in our data. We therefore use our non-detection to place limits on the properties of the putative outflows that could have been produced by the binary during and after the merger. Methods. Thanks to the three-detector observation of S190814bv, and given the characteristics of the signal, the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations delivered a relatively narrow localisation in low latency - a 50% (90%) credible area of 5 deg2 (23 deg2) - despite the relatively large distance of 267 ± 52 Mpc. ElectromagNetic counterparts of GRAvitational wave sources at the VEry Large Telescope collaboration members carried out an intensive multi-epoch, multi-instrument observational campaign to identify the possible optical and near infrared counterpart of the event. In addition, the ATLAS, GOTO, GRAWITA-VST, Pan-STARRS, and VINROUGE projects also carried out a search on this event. In this paper, we describe the combined observational campaign of these groups. Results. Our observations allow us to place limits on the presence of any counterpart and discuss the implications for the kilonova (KN), which was possibly generated by this NS-BH merger, and for the strategy of future searches. The typical depth of our wide-field observati

Published
2020

43. Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints Based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Merger Triggers during O3

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Heising Simons Foundation, Department of Energy (US), Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Agudo, Iván, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Hu, Youdong, National Science Foundation (US), Heising Simons Foundation, Department of Energy (US), Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Agudo, Iván, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., and Hu, Youdong

Abstract

We present a systematic search for optical counterparts to 13 gravitational wave (GW) triggers involving at least one neutron star during LIGO/Virgo's third observing run (O3). We searched binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star black hole (NSBH) merger localizations with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and undertook follow-up with the Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaboration. The GW triggers had a median localization area of 4480 deg2, a median distance of 267 Mpc, and false-alarm rates ranging from 1.5 to 10-25 yr-1. The ZTF coverage in the g and r bands had a median enclosed probability of 39%, median depth of 20.8 mag, and median time lag between merger and the start of observations of 1.5 hr. The O3 follow-up by the GROWTH team comprised 340 UltraViolet/Optical/InfraRed (UVOIR) photometric points, 64 OIR spectra, and three radio images using 17 different telescopes. We find no promising kilonovae (radioactivity-powered counterparts), and we show how to convert the upper limits to constrain the underlying kilonova luminosity function. Initially, we assume that all GW triggers are bona fide astrophysical events regardless of false-alarm rate and that kilonovae accompanying BNS and NSBH mergers are drawn from a common population; later, we relax these assumptions. Assuming that all kilonovae are at least as luminous as the discovery magnitude of GW170817 (-16.1 mag), we calculate that our joint probability of detecting zero kilonovae is only 4.2%. If we assume that all kilonovae are brighter than-16.6 mag (the extrapolated peak magnitude of GW170817) and fade at a rate of 1 mag day-1 (similar to GW170817), the joint probability of zero detections is 7%. If we separate the NSBH and BNS populations based on the online classifications, the joint probability of zero detections, assuming all kilonovae are brighter than-16.6 mag, is 9.7% for NSBH and 7.9% for BNS mergers. Moreover, no more than <57% (<89%) of putative kilono

Published
2020

49. Optical follow-up of the neutron star–black hole mergers S200105ae and S200115j

Author

Anand, Shreya, primary, Coughlin, Michael W., additional, Kasliwal, Mansi M., additional, Bulla, Mattia, additional, Ahumada, Tomás, additional, Sagués Carracedo, Ana, additional, Almualla, Mouza, additional, Andreoni, Igor, additional, Stein, Robert, additional, Foucart, Francois, additional, Singer, Leo P., additional, Sollerman, Jesper, additional, Bellm, Eric C., additional, Bolin, Bryce, additional, Caballero-García, M. D., additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., additional, Cenko, S. Bradley, additional, De, Kishalay, additional, Dekany, Richard G., additional, Duev, Dmitry A., additional, Feeney, Michael, additional, Fremling, Christoffer, additional, Goldstein, Daniel A., additional, Golkhou, V. Zach, additional, Graham, Matthew J., additional, Guessoum, Nidhal, additional, Hankins, Matthew J., additional, Hu, Youdong, additional, Kong, Albert K. H., additional, Kool, Erik C., additional, Kulkarni, S. R., additional, Kumar, Harsh, additional, Laher, Russ R., additional, Masci, Frank J., additional, Mróz, Przemek, additional, Nissanke, Samaya, additional, Porter, Michael, additional, Reusch, Simeon, additional, Riddle, Reed, additional, Rosnet, Philippe, additional, Rusholme, Ben, additional, Serabyn, Eugene, additional, Sánchez-Ramírez, R., additional, Rigault, Mickael, additional, Shupe, David L., additional, Smith, Roger, additional, Soumagnac, Maayane T., additional, Walters, Richard, additional, and Valeev, Azamat F., additional

Published
2020
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