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In recent years, worldwide electric vehicle (EV) sales have experienced rapid growth, and recycling an enormous quantity of spent power batteries has become a challenge. This study aims to explore the optimal joint recycling strategy from the EV manufacturer's perspective by using game theory-based models. The model investigates four kinds of joint recycling strategies: 1) nonalliance (NA) mode, 2) alliance with the power battery manufacturer (APBM) mode, 3) alliance with the third-party recycler (ATPR) mode, and 4) integrated alliance (IA) mode. The results show that: 1) A deposit-refund system can effectively increase the recycling rate. However, an excessive upfront disposal fee will reduce overall profits. 2) For the closed-loop supply chain, the optimal alliance mode depends on the intensity of recycling competition. When recycling competition is fierce, the IA mode is the best alliance mode. When recycling competition is weak, the NA mode is the optimal choice from the recycling rate perspective, and the APBM mode is the optimal choice from the total profit perspective. 3) For the EV manufacturer, the alliance in which its proportion of the extra joint profit is highest tends to be the optimal choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain metastases challenge cancer treatments with poor prognoses, despite ongoing advancements. Immunotherapy effectively alleviates advanced cancer, exhibiting immense potential to revolutionize brain metastasis management. To identify research priorities that optimize immunotherapies for brain metastases, 2164 related publications were analyzed. Scientometric visualization via R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace showed the interrelationships among literature, institutions, authors, and topic areas of focus. The publication rate and citations have grown exponentially over the past decade, with the US, China, and Germany as the major contributors. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ranked highest in publications, while Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was most cited. Clusters of keywords revealed six hotspots: 'Immunology', 'Check Point Inhibitors', 'Lung Cancer', 'Immunotherapy', 'Melanoma', 'Breast Cancer', and 'Microenvironment'. Melanoma, the most studied primary tumor with brain metastases offers promising immunotherapy advancements with generalizability and adaptability to other cancers. Our results outline the holistic overview of immunotherapy research for brain metastases, which pinpoints the forefront in the field, and directs researchers toward critical inquiries for enhanced mechanistic insight and improved clinical outcomes. Moreover, governmental and funding agencies will benefit from assigning financial resources to entities and regions with the greatest potential for combating brain metastases through immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reward has been shown to influence selective attention, yet previous research has primarily focused on rewards associated with specific locations or features, with limited investigation into the impact of a reward object on object-based attention (OBA). Therefore, it remains unclear whether objects previously associated with rewards affect OBA. To address this issue, we conducted two experiments using a paradigm that combined a reward training phase with a modified two-rectangle paradigm. The results indicate that a reward object modulates both space-based attention (SBA) and OBA. When cues appear on a reward object, the effects of both SBA and OBA are amplified compared to when cues appear on a no-reward object. This finding supports the value-driven attentional capture (VDAC) theory, which suggests that a reward object gain enhanced saliency to capture attention, thereby providing a theoretical support for the treatment of conditions such as drug addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores 'inspiration' in the context of the Olympic Games, focusing on the Beijing 2008 and London 2012 Olympics years after the event hosting. Utilizing a retroductive strategy, the study identifies key sources of inspiration, constructs a causal model based on existing literature, and validates it through qualitative and quantitative data. Although contextual differences exist between the two cities, similar findings emerged: inspirational feelings have indeed persisted years after the hosting of the Games, largely attributed to the 'elite role model' effects and 'the overall experience of the Games'. While the effects of such feelings on sports participation vary, in Beijing at least, the hosting of the Games had a significant correlation with participation in sport/physical activity in the years that followed. While hosting such events might be valuable for promoting participation, its influence should not be overstated, and further research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study unveils a unique case in the Paralympic Games through investigating the negotiation between the International Paralympic Committee and the Beijing Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games for the change of the emblem of the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games two years after its official release. Qualitative data is collected through interviews with senior personnel and archival documents and is analysed through employing the Advocacy Coalition Framework to highlight the change in the belief system of the two parties and the interaction between the policy subsystem and the broader political and social economic system. The findings reveal the shift in the belief system of respective Coalitions and the change in the power dynamics. The paper concludes with a discussion concerning the ACF's four pathways of policy change and a response to one of the questions that is raised in the ACF literature for further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]