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Objective To investigate the baseline and effect of obesity and obesity trajectories on cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) in adult male with incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods Adult men with newly diagnosed NAFLD and without CVDs in the Kailuan cohort study from 2006—2013 were enrolled. The subjects were divided into the nonobese group and obese group according to the definition of body mass index(BMI) or waist circumference (WC), then further divided by the obesity trajectories at the first follow-up (1-4 years). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the incidence rate of CVDs for each subgroup. In addition, the Fine and Gray competing risk Cox regression model was used to compare CVDs risk in NAFLD with different baseline or trajectories in obesity measures after 1-4 years of NAFLD diagnosis. Results A total of 8 591 incident NAFLD patients were included. During a median follow-up of 9.41 years, 349 cases were found with CVDs. The 10-year cumulative incidence rates of CVDs were 3.3% and 4.3% in the nonobese and obese groups according to the definition of waist circumference, respectively (log-rank test, P＜0.05). However, the significance disappeared after adjusting the competing risk of death and other covariates. Similar results were observed based on the definition of BMI. Also, further analysis was conducted for the association trajectories in obesity measures and CVDs. The 8-year cumulative incidence rates of CVDs were 2.8%, 3.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% in the constantly nonobese group, nonobese-obese, obese-nonobese, and constantly obese group, respectively (log-rank test, P＞0.05). Compared to the subjects with constantly nonobese defined by BMI, those who transition from nonobese to obese increased the CVDs risk by 57% (hazard ratio [HR]:1.57; 95% CI:1.03~2.38; P＜0.05). The conclusion remained even after adjusting baseline BMI (HR:1.56; 95% CI:1.02~2.37; P＜0.05). Conclusions Short-term weight gain in men with incident NAFLD led a higher CVDs risk, suggesting the importance of weight control in preventing CVDs once NAFLD occurrence.

Objective: To explore the incidence of death anxiety in palliative care patients, find some existing and potential causes, and put forward suggestions. Methods: Publication bias, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and regression analysis were also conducted to explore the sources of the heterogeneity in our analysis. Results: The 607 studies were obtained, and 20 studies were included after reading the articles and quality evaluation. The incidence of death anxiety in patients was 0.44 (95%CI:0.38,0.51, p < 0.001). and heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 98.2%, p < 0.001). In the test of regression analysis, the average age (I2 = 98.15%, R2 = - 6.99%, p < 0.001); in gender (I2 = 97.84%, R2 = 1.14%, p < 0.001), its heterogeneity was also significant. Conclusion: The incidence of death anxiety is relatively high. More often occur in elderly female patients. This requires more attention to life itself rather than death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta‐analyses to examine gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies written in English. In this review, suicide among people living with HIV includes suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Studies reporting the suicide prevalence among males and females living with HIV were eligible for inclusion in our review. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as the effect size index. Fixed‐effects or random‐effects meta‐analyses were chosen based on the size of the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 27 studies comprising 801 017 participants from 11 countries were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.0% (95% CI 13.3%–22.8%) in males and 20.8% (95% CI 16.4%–25.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicidal ideation in females living with HIV (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.8% (95% CI 9.0%–24.5%) in males and 24.7% (95% CI 12.4%–37.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicide attempts in females living with HIV (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.75; p < 0.05). The pooled prevalence of suicide death was 1.2% (95% CI 0.5%–1.9%) among males and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%–0.3%) among females, and the risk of suicide death between genders was not statistically significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50–1.24; p = 0.298). Conclusions: There were gender differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among people living with HIV. Females living with HIV were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, but there were no statistically significant gender differences in suicide death. Appropriate initiatives to optimize the recognition, treatment, and management suicide behaviours of males and females living with HIV may narrow this gender gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids lies at the core of modern condensed matter and materials physics. To build up a practical ab initio method for studying solids under photoexcitation, we develop a momentum-resolved real-time time dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) algorithm using numerical atomic basis, together with the implementation of both the length and vector gauge of the electromagnetic field. When applied to simulate elementary excitations in two-dimensional materials such as graphene, different excitation modes, only distinguishable in momentum space, are observed. The momentum-resolved rt-TDDFT is important and computationally efficient for the study of ultrafast dynamics in extended systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High harmonic generation (HHG) have received significant attention for the exploration of material properties and ultrafast dynamics. However, the lack of consideration for couplings between HHG and other quasiparticles, such as phonons, has been impeding the understanding of many-body interactions in HHG. Here, we reveal the many-body electron-phonon mechanism in the quasiparticle-coupled strong-field dynamics by investigating the nonadiabatic (NA) coherent-phonon-coupled HHG. Coherent phonons are revealed to effectively affect HHG via the adiabatic band modulation induced by phonon deformation effects and the NA and nonequilibrium distribution of photocarriers in multiple valleys. The adiabatic and NA mechanisms leave their fingerprint via influencing the phonon period and phase delay in the oscillation of HHG intensity, both of which are experimentally measurable. Investigation of these quantities enables the direct probing of the electron-phonon interaction in materials.

Background: Whether stage T1N2-3M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients could benefit from surgery and the optimal surgical procedure have remained controversial and unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether stage T1N2-3M0 NSCLC can benefit from different surgery types and develop a tool for survival prediction., Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed with stage T1N2-3M0 NSCLC between 2000 and 2015. A 1:1 propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was used to balance the distribution of clinical characteristics. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. All patients were randomly split at a ratio of 7:3 into training and validation cohorts. The nomogram was constructed by integrating all independent predictors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The model's performance was evaluated by discrimination, calibration ability, and risk stratification ability., Results: A total of 4,671 patients were enrolled. After 1:1 PSM, the distribution proportions of clinical characteristics in 1,146 patients were balanced (all P>0.05). The non-surgical approach was associated with worse survival compared with sublobectomy and lobectomy in the unmatched and matched cohorts. The multivariate Cox analysis showed that sublobectomy and lobectomy were both related to better OS and CSS rates compared with no surgery (P<0.001). Moreover, the results of subgroup analyses based on age, N stage, and radiotherapy or chemotherapy strategy were consistent. A total of 801 patients were included in the training cohort and 345 cases constituted the validation cohort. The nomogram constructed for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prediction showed good discrimination, performance, and calibration both in the training and validation sets. Significant distinctions in survival curves between different risk groups stratified by prognostic scores were also observed (all P<0.001)., Conclusions: Stage T1N2-3M0 NSCLC patients could benefit from sublobectomy or lobectomy, and lobectomy provides better survival benefits. We developed and validated nomograms, which could offer clinicians instructions for strategy making., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-24-213/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)