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In this work, a new carbon quantum dots (CDs) was prepared though microwave assisted approach using citric acid anhydrous (CA) and N‐[3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine (TPED) as raw materials. However, the CDs was not effective in actual sensing applications, so further modification of CDs was done by 3,5‐Dichloro‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (it was named as G‐CDs). Fortunately, the modified CDs (G‐CDs) has good selectivity for Fe3+ and amaranth. Studies confirmed that Fe3+ could quench the fluorescence of G‐CDs by forming a complex, while the fluorescence quenching mechanism of G‐CDs by amaranth (AM) mainly belonged to the internal filtering effect (IFE). A detection limit of 20.8 nM for Fe3+ and 43.8 nM for AM were achieved. Moreover, the as‐developed G‐CDs probe was also successfully used to detect Fe3+ and amaranth in real samples, and compared with their results by the standard method, hinting that the accuracy and reliability of the probe were highly satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are rare, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Interstitial lung disease is one of the most common and potentially severe extra-muscular manifestations of dermatomyositis and polymyositis and is strongly linked to poor prognosis and early mortality. We aimed to characterise the demographic and clinical characteristics, incidence, and treatment of interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japan Medical Data Center healthcare claims database. Patients in the database with dermatomyositis (International Classification of Disease version 10 M33.0, M33.1, M33.9) or polymyositis (M33.2) from 01-Jan-2011 until 31-Dec-2019 were identified and followed-up for interstitial lung disease (J84.x) until death, dis-enrolment, or study end (31 December 2020). Cumulative risk curves compared interstitial lung disease risk in dermatomyositis versus polymyositis. Risk factors were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models. There were 886 patients with dermatomyositis and 745 patients with polymyositis included in the cohort analysis. Mean (standard deviation) age at dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis was 46.0 (16.0)/49.7 (13.3) years and 300 (34%)/104 (14%) developed interstitial lung disease during follow-up. The incidence rate of interstitial lung disease per 100 person-years was 18.42 (95% CI 16.42–20.59) for dermatomyositis and 5.39 (95% CI 4.43–6.50) for polymyositis. In the analysis adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidity score, the risk of interstitial lung disease was significantly higher in patients with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% CI 2.18–3.41). The rate diverged markedly between the groups in the first year after diagnosis. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease were older age in dermatomyositis, female sex and rheumatoid arthritis in polymyositis. Glucocorticoids with/without tacrolimus were the most common newly prescribed drugs after the interstitial lung disease diagnosis. In conclusion, the risk of developing interstitial lung disease was significantly higher in patients with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis, and risk factors were different in the 2 patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the demands of precision agriculture and the measurement of plant photosynthetic response and nitrogen status, it is necessary to employ advanced methods for estimating chlorophyll content quickly and non-destructively at a large scale. Therefore, we explored the utilization of both linear regression and machine learning methodology to improve the prediction of leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) in citrus trees through the analysis of hyperspectral reflectance data in a field experiment. And the relationship between phenology and LCC estimation was also tested in this study. The LCC of citrus tree leaves at five growth seasons (May, June, August, October, and December) were measured alongside measurements of leaf hyperspectral reflectance. The measured LCC data and spectral parameters were used for evaluating LCC using univariate linear regression (ULR), multivariate linear regression (MLR), random forest regression (RFR), K-nearest neighbor regression (KNNR), and support vector regression (SVR). The results revealed the following: the MLR and machine learning models (RFR, KNNR, SVR), in both October and December, performed well in LCC estimation with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.70. In August, the ULR model performed the best, achieving an R2 of 0.69 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.92. However, the RFR model demonstrated the highest predictive power for estimating LCC in May, June, October, and December. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy was the best with the RFR model with parameters VOG2 and Carte4 in October, achieving an R2 of 0.83 and RMSE of 6.67. Our findings revealed that using just a few spectral parameters can efficiently estimate LCC in citrus trees, showing substantial promise for implementation in large-scale orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Systematic evaluation of the improvement effect of non-pharmacological intervention on patients with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: Wanfang, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTS) and experimental studies of non-pharmacological interventions on patients with sarcopenic obesity. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to October 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Results: A total of 18 studies involving 1,109 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that non-pharmacological interventions improved patients' body weight [mean difference, MD = −2.74, 95% CI (−4.79, −0.70), P = 0.009], body fat percentage [MD = −0.67, 95% CI (−0.96, −0.38), P<0.00001], grip strength [MD = 1.29, 95% CI (0.81, 1.77), P<0.00001], gait speed [MD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.03, 0.07), P<0.00001], and knee extension strength [MD = 2.56, 95% CI (1.30, 3.82), P<0.0001]. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients with sarcopenic obesity. Dissemination of this information will be therapeutically useful. Trial registration: Registration. The PROSPERO No. is CRD42023403341. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess S-1 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related adverse events in patients with advanced gastric cancer and provide focused health care approaches to improve patient compliance and quality of survival. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, EMbase, SinoMed, Wan Fang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched, and relevant literature was screened from the database construction date through March 31, 2023. Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze the data and GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of the literature. Relative risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed as markers to compare adverse events due to S-1 vs 5-FU. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included, which contained 3,455 patients. The S-1 group had 1,804 patients, and the 5-FU group had 1,651 patients. There were 17 recorded adverse events in total. Stomatitis, hypokalemia, mucosal inflammation, and hypophosphatemia were more common in the 5-FU group than in the S-1 group (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between S-1 and 5-FU for other adverse events. Conclusions: Although both S-1 and 5-FU cause a variety of side effects, 5-FU resulted in a higher incidence of stomatitis, hypokalemia, mucosal inflammation, and hypophosphatemia than S-1. Medical professionals should closely monitor the occurrence of adverse drug events and provide timely, rational guidance and nursing care to improve patient compliance and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are rare, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Interstitial lung disease is one of the most common and potentially severe extra-muscular manifestations of dermatomyositis and polymyositis and is strongly linked to poor prognosis and early mortality. We aimed to characterise the demographic and clinical characteristics, incidence, and treatment of interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japan Medical Data Center healthcare claims database. Patients in the database with dermatomyositis (International Classification of Disease version 10 M33.0, M33.1, M33.9) or polymyositis (M33.2) from 01-Jan-2011 until 31-Dec-2019 were identified and followed-up for interstitial lung disease (J84.x) until death, dis-enrolment, or study end (31 December 2020). Cumulative risk curves compared interstitial lung disease risk in dermatomyositis versus polymyositis. Risk factors were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models. There were 886 patients with dermatomyositis and 745 patients with polymyositis included in the cohort analysis. Mean (standard deviation) age at dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis was 46.0 (16.0)/49.7 (13.3) years and 300 (34%)/104 (14%) developed interstitial lung disease during follow-up. The incidence rate of interstitial lung disease per 100 person-years was 18.42 (95% CI 16.42–20.59) for dermatomyositis and 5.39 (95% CI 4.43–6.50) for polymyositis. In the analysis adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidity score, the risk of interstitial lung disease was significantly higher in patients with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% CI 2.18–3.41). The rate diverged markedly between the groups in the first year after diagnosis. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease were older age in dermatomyositis, female sex and rheumatoid arthritis in polymyositis. Glucocorticoids with/without tacrolimus were the most common newly prescribed drugs after the interstitial lung disease diagnosis. In conclusion, the risk of developing interstitial lung disease was significantly higher in patients with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis, and risk factors were different in the 2 patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the applicability of DNA barcoding for assessing the authenticity of caviar on the Chinese market. A set of universal COI primers and two sets of designed primers based on COI and D-loop genes were used to identify maternal species of samples from 21 batches of caviar. The results showed that the PCR products from three sets of primers had more than 98% similarity to the sequences in database. The COI gene could not distinguish sturgeons with closed genetic relationships, while D-loop gene could effectively improve the accuracy of DNA barcoding and was more suitable to the identification of interspecific sturgeon than the COI gene. The neighbor-joining dendrogram further confirmed the applicability and accuracy of COI and D-loop genes in identifying maternal relatives of caviar (Acipenser baerii/Acipenser gueldenstaedtii/Acipenser schrenckii/Huso dauricus/Huso huso). Despite the limitations of mitochondrial DNA in identifying hybrid sturgeon species, the presence of counterfeit caviar of non-sturgeon ingredients could be excluded. All the caviar samples were identified successfully as sturgeon species, but the mislabeling rate of species was 33.4%, indicating that there were illegal phenomena such as disorderly labeling, mislabeling, and adulteration on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, silicon doped carbon quantum dots (Si-CQDs) was prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as raw materials. Then a new ratiometric fluorescent probe (RF-probe) was successfully established for sensitively and selectively monitoring proanthocyanidins (PAs) with a linear range of 10–500 nM and limit of detection (LOD) of 5.6 nM. that is, the fluorescence (FL) intensity of Si-CQDs at 570 nm was used as the built-in reference, while dopamine (DA) reacting with 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) could produce a new fluorescent substance (named as azamonardine, AZMON), and its FL intensity at 480 nm was reduced because Cr(VI) could oxidize DA to generate quinone without fluorescence. In the presence of PAs, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which caused that the amount of DA reacting with 4-HR was increased, thus the FL intensity of AZMON was recovered. Furthermore, the RF-probe was successfully used for the determination of PAs in black goji berry from two different areas and PAs capsule with satisfactory results compared to the standard HPLC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition induces damage to the renal tubular epithelium, increases epithelial adhesion, and contributes to CaOx nephrocalcinosis. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is thought to be involved in this process. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which NEAT1 regulates renal tubular epithelium in response to inflammatory and oxidative injury triggered by CaOx crystals. Results: As CaOx crystals were deposited in mouse kidney tissue, the expression of NEAT1 was significantly elevated and positively correlated with interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and NF-κB. NEAT1 targets and inhibits miR-130a-3p as a competitor to endogenous RNA. miR-130 binds to and exerts inhibitory effects on the 3′-untranslated region of IRF1. After transfected with silence-NEAT1, IRF1, TLR4, and NF-κB were also variously inhibited, and oxidative damage in renal calcinosis was subsequently attenuated. When we simultaneously inhibited NEAT1 and miR-130, renal tubular injury was exacerbated. Innovation and Conclusion: We found that the lncRNA NEAT1 can enhance IRF1 signaling through targeted repression of miR-130a-3p and activate TLR4/NF-κB pathways to promote oxidative damage during CaOx crystal deposition. This provides an explanation for the tubular epithelial damage caused by CaOx crystals and offers new ideas and drug targets for the prevention and treatment of CaOx nephrocalcinosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 731–746. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-way fuzzy inference is the theoretical basis of three-way fuzzy control. The proposed TCRI method is based on a Mamdani three-way fuzzy implication operator and uses one inference and simple composition operation. In order to effectively improve the TCRI method, this paper proposes a full implication triple I algorithm for three-way fuzzy inference and gives the triple I solution to the TFMP problem. The emphasis of our research is R 0 and G o ¨ del triple I solution, which is related to three-way residual implication, as well as Zadeh's and Mamdani's triple I solution, which is based on three-way fuzzy implication operator. Then the three-way fuzzy controller is constructed by the proposed Zadeh's and R 0 triple I algorithm. Finally, the proposed triple I algorithm is applied to the three-way fuzzy control system, and its advantage is illustrated by the three-dimensional surface diagram of the control variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate knowledge of spectral emissivity is very important in many technological and scientific applications. In this study, a new measuring system, which can realizes spectral directional emissivity measurements under controlled environment conditions, was constructed. The apparatus realizes the high accuracy emissivity measurement through the precision knowledge of the sample surface temperature and the high-precision calibration. The temperature of the sample surface is accurately measured by the suitable method depending on the sample type. Accurately determining the spectral response function and the background radiation are obtained by the modified two-temperature calibration method proposed in this study. The evaluation of the assisted blackbody shows that it has good temperature uniformity and high emissivity, which guarantee the effectiveness of the modified two-temperature calibration method. Spectral emissivity of silicon carbide was measured, and the conformity with literature data around the Christiansen wavelength proves the reliability of the developed apparatus. In addition, the spectral emissivity of copper during the real time oxidation was measured to check the capability of the emissivity measurements under controlled environment. Finally, the uncertainty for silicon carbide at 1073 K is evaluated, and the relative combined standard uncertainty for silicon carbide sample at 1073 K is better than 2.9 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Ammonia gas (NH3) is a clean energy, as well as an efficient reduction and nitridation agent. A novel process of reduction and nitridation with NH3 followed by magnetic separation and low‐temperature selective chlorination to deal with vanadium slag has been proposed. Vanadium spinel (V‐Fe spinel, FeV2O4) is the main V‐bearing phase in vanadium slag, and its reduction and nitridation behavior with NH3 were investigated in this study. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the reaction was feasible. The experimental results demonstrated that NH3 gas was an excellent reagent for reduction and nitridation. DFT calculation proved that NH3 molecule was easier adsorbed on V atom. The phase component of the final product was Fe/Fe4N/VNxOy, whose relative mass fractions obtained by Rietveld refinement analysis were 23.5%, 1%, and 75.5%, respectively. The evolution of iron and vanadium was in the order FeV2O4 → Fe4N/Fe6N2−3 → Fe4N/Fe and FeV2O4 → V2O3 → VNxOy, respectively. VNxOy was a solid solution, whose O content decreased gradually as the temperature and duration time increased, whereas the N content increased correspondingly. The O content can be decreased to less than 0.10 wt.% after reduction and nitridation at 800°C to 850°C for 3 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is defined as follows HT ht Graph (3)where HT ht and HT ht represent the variances of the completely segregated and perfectly mixed states, respectively. Keywords: discrete element method; high shear mixer; Lacey index; mixing efficiency; particle mixing EN discrete element method high shear mixer Lacey index mixing efficiency particle mixing 1083 1094 12 11/02/22 20221001 NES 221001 1 Introduction Particle mixing is a critically important unit operation in the manufacturing of a wide range of high quality products, such as agricultural fertilizer ([28]), pharmaceutical powder ([20]), animal feed ([13]), food products ([8]) and mineral raw materials ([16]). [Extracted from the article]

A selective and sensitive fluorescence method for hypochlorite (ClO−) was designed using glutathione (GSH) modified silicon-doped carbon quantum dots (GSH@Si-CDs). Then a dual emission ratio fluorescence probe (RF-probe) was obtained based on carbodiimide-activated coupling reaction between GSH and Si-CDs. i.e., when the excitation wavelength was kept at 360 nm, the GSH@Si-CDs exhibited strong blue and weak yellow fluorescence at 430 and 580 nm. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of GSH@Si-CDs could be selectively quenched at 430 nm and enhanced at 580 nm in the presence of ClO−, and corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and linear range were measured to be 0.35 µM and 1.0-33.3 µM. The sensing mechanism of the system was also investigated in detail. Moreover, the RF-probe with good accuracy was successfully employed to monitor ClO− in real samples with satisfactory results compared to the standard iodometric method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blast furnace process is the main approach for utilizing vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) and VTM pellet is an important burden due to its excellent performance. In this paper, the softening–melting behavior of VTM pellets was investigated. The softening, melting temperature interval and permeability index were obtained as 75 °C, 181 °C and 507 kPa·°C, respectively. Ti–bearing components in pellets were transformed in the order of Fe 2 TiO 5 → Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 → FeTiO 3 → Mg x Ti 3-x O 5 and TiC. Hematite was reduced stepwise to metallic iron entering metallic fraction while most of titanium entered the slag phase. Wustite was an important component during slag evolution. The slag phase mainly consisted of spinel, silicates and wustite, in which the FeO content gradually decreased during the slag evolution process. Anosovite and silicate were the main phases in the slag fraction at the dripping temperature of 1441 °C. Titanium carbide (TiC) was also verified, which was an unfavorable product for the slag properties. [Display omitted] • The characteristic temperatures and temperature intervals of softening and melting are obtained. • The phase transformation of VTM pellets during softening–melting process is investigated. • The morphology transition and slag evolution process is discussed. • The migration behavior of titanium during softening–melting process is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrochromium nitride is an important alloying additive for smelting nitrogen–containing steel. Preparing nitrides by using ammonia gas as reducing and nitriding agent is characterized by high–efficiency and carbon free. In this study, the reaction behavior between chromite spinel and ammonia gas was investigated. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the reaction was feasible. The transformation of chromite spinel as well as the final products were dependent on reaction temperature, time and input fraction of ammonia gas. The experimental results proved the effect of reaction parameters on the reduction and nitridation process. Chromite spinel was reduced and nitrided to form metallic iron and CrN at temperatures below 950 °C, while metallic iron and Cr 2 N were the main products at 1000 °C. XPS analysis also proved the existence of CrN and Cr 2 N. Ferrochromium nitride with N content treater than 15 wt% was obtained when reducing above 950 °C for 3 h. [Display omitted] • Ammonia gas is a high-efficiency and carbon-free agent that is used for reducing and nitriding. • The transformation of chromite spinel is revealed in this study. • Ferrochromium nitride is prepared by using ammonia gas as reducing and nitriding agent. • Mechanism on reaction between chromite spinel and ammonia gas is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the water-soluble blue-light-emitting copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) were prepared by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ascorbic acid as templating and reducing agents, respectively. The optimization of synthesis conditions of PVP-CuNCs were studied and analyzed. And the quantum yield of the PVP-CuNCs was calculated to be 14.97%. It had good specificity and exceptionally sensitive detection for sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DCCNa)/rosmarinic acid (RA), with a linear response range of 0.030–2.400/0.030–0.900 μM and corresponding LOD value of 10.766/8.985 nM. Moreover, the fluorescent reaction mechanisms of the PVP-CuNCs-DCCNa and PVP-CuNCs-DCCNa-RA systems were discussed, and the sensing probe could be effectively used for the assays of DCCNa and RA in genuine samples, whose results were acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a cardiovascular risk factor and may serve as a predictor of infarct-related artery (IRA) patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We measured SAA levels in STEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and investigated their association with IRA patency. According to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, 363 STEMI patients undergoing PCI in our hospital were divided into an occlusion group (TIMI 0-2) and a patency group (TIMI 3). The SAA level before PCI was significantly higher in STEMI patients with IRA occluded than in those with patent ones. At a cutoff value of 36.9 mg/L, SAA had a sensitivity of 63.0% and a specificity of 90.6% (area under the ROC curve [AUC] =.833, 95% CI:.793-.873, P <.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SAA was an independent predictor of IRA patency in STEMI patients before PCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.020-1.062, P <.001). SAA can be used as a potential predictor of IRA patency in STEMI patients before PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement performance of the atom interferometry absolute gravimeter is strongly affected by the ground vibration noise. We propose a vibration noise evaluation scheme using a Michelson laser interferometer constructed by the intrinsic Raman laser of the atomic gravimeter. Theoretical analysis shows that the vibration phase measurement accuracy is better than 4 mrad, which corresponds to about 10−10g accuracy for a single shot gravity measurement. Compared with the commercial seismometer or accelerometer, this method is a simple, low cost, direct, and fully synchronized measurement of the vibration phase which should benefit the development of the atomic gravimeter. On the other side, limited by equivalence principle, the result of the laser interferometer is not absolute but relative vibration measurement. Triangular cap method could be used to evaluation the noise contribution of vibration, which is a different method from others and should benefit the development of the atomic gravimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critically ill patients are at higher risk having acute lung injury (ALI) and more often in need of parenteral nutrition. We sought to study whether preconditioning with representative of lipid emulsions for one week could benefit rats from ALI. Methods: Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results: PGE2 production in the serum was highest in the LPS group, followed with Intralipid group, and the PGE2 level of these two groups was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the rest. Intralipid conditioning caused significantly less production of LTB4 than the LPS, Clinoleic, or Omegaven group. In contrast to Intralipid, rats pretreated with Clinoleic or Omegaven significantly decreased their production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1 β, IL-6 and TNF-α), had less apoptosis in the lung tissues, and Omegaven greatly improved liver function upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Conclusions: In an ALI setting, preconditioning with Omegaven or Clinoleic was better than Intralipid in decreasing the intensity of the cytokine storm and apoptosis caused by LPS challenge, and Omegaven in addition had the potential to improve liver function. The results from the present study set a basis for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of ALI, including the up- and downstream pathways of proinflammatory factor production, in search of (small) molecules intervening with the pathogenesis of ALI in order to translate relevant research findings into clinical benefit for patients with ALI. The use of Omegaven or Clinoleic, particularly in patients with ALI, is still characterized by uncertainty due to a lack of relevant studies. Future investigations must specifically focus on the route of administration and mode of application (enteral vs. parenteral/bolus vs. continuous), determining an optimal dose of Omegaven or Clinoleic, and the defining the best timepoint(s) for administration. Critically ill patients are at higher risk having acute lung injury (ALI) and more often in need of parenteral nutrition. The effect of lipid emulsion via parenteral nutrition on liver function was first time evaluated in rats in an ALI setting. The comparison of three forms of lipid emulsion in a rat model of acute lung injury was first time studied. The fish oil-based lipid emulsion decrease in PGE 2 and increase in LTB 4 was first time reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks are reported frequently in China. However, the transmissibility of AHC remains unclear. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of the disease with and without interventions. An AHC outbreak dataset from January 2007 to December 2016 in different schools was built in Hunan Province. A Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model was adopted to calculate the effective reproduction number (Reff) of AHC. Reff was divided into two parts (Runc and Rcon) where Runc and Rcon represent the uncontrolled and controlled Reff , respectively. Based on Runc and Rcon, an index of effectiveness of countermeasures (Ieff) was developed to assess the effectiveness of countermeasures in each outbreak. During the study period, 34 AHC outbreaks were reported in 20 counties of 9 cities in Hunan Province, with a mean total attack rate of 7.04% (95% CI: 4.97–9.11%). The mean Runc of AHC outbreaks was 8.28 (95% CI: 6.46–10.11). No significance of Runc was observed between rural and urban areas (t = −1.296, P = 0.205), among college, secondary, and primary schools (F = 0.890, P = 0.459), different levels of school population (F = 0.738, P = 0.538), and different number of index cases (F = 1.749, P = 0.180). The most commonly implemented countermeasures were case isolation, treatment, and health education, followed by environment disinfection, symptom surveillance, and school closure. Social distance, prophylaxis, and stopping eye exercises temporary were implemented occasionally. The mean value of Rcon was 0.16 (range: 0.00–1.50). The mean value of Ieff was 97.16% (range: 71.44–100.00%). The transmissibility of AHC is high in small-scale outbreaks in China. Case isolation, treatment, and health education are the common countermeasures for controlling the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the rapid increase in wind power penetration into the power grid, wind power generation predicting is becoming increasingly important to power system operators and electricity market participants. However, the random nature of the wind power would increase the uncertainty of power systems. The influencing factor is one of the most important factors in the quality of wind power prediction. In order to obtain a higher prediction accuracy, a two‐stage prediction method combined with meteorological factor and fault time is proposed. In the first stage, we present a detailed review of fault time of wind power predicting with machine‐learning methods and compare ten different models based on different influencing factors, and then, the second stage is combined with the predicted results of first stage, coupled with meteorological factors for the final wind power prediction. The results show good prediction accuracy in operation data of one wind farm from the Hu‐Nan province with different machine‐learning algorithms. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Deoxyschizandrin and schizandrin B have diverse pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective activity. We aim to study their hepatic uptake and their effects on the hepatic uptake of other clinical drugs mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. 2. Deoxyschizandrin exhibited a high affinity for OATP1B1 with Km of 17.61 ± 0.43 μM but a low affinity for OATP1B3. Similarly, schizandrin B also showed a strong affinity for OATP1B1 with Km of 18.45 ± 1.23 μM but a weak affinity for OATP1B3. 3. Atorvastatin and rifampicin could inhibit the uptake of deoxyschizandrin and schizandrin B mediated by OATP1B1. 4. Intriguingly, both deoxyschizandrin and schizandrin B significantly promoted the uptake of atorvastatin (with EC50 of 50.58 ± 8.08 and 24.70 ± 5.82 µM, respectively) and rosuvastatin (with EC50 of 13.46 ± 2.70 and 8.99 ± 4.73 µM, respectively) mediated by OATP1B1. Deoxyschizandrin could markedly promote the uptake of fluvastatin but inhibit the uptake of sodium taurocholate (TCNa) mediated by OATP1B1. 5. The promotion on hepatic uptake of statins mediated by OATP1B1 might lead to enhanced efficacy of cholesterol lowering and reduced risk of myopathy for hyperlipidemia patients when given statins together with deoxyschizandrin or schizandrin B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract Nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) play a vital role in regulating CYP3A4. Our previous studies have demonstrated that panaxytriol (PXT) upregulates the expression of CYP3A4 via the PXR regulatory pathway. This study aimed to explore how CAR mediates the regulation of CYP3A4 in the presence of PXT using HepG2 cell, hCAR-overexpressing HepG2 cell and hCAR-silenced HepG2 cell models. In HepG2 cells, PXT induced the expression of CYP3A4 in a concentration-dependent manner (10–80 μM) and the high concentration of PXT (80 μM) upregulated the expression of CAR. The concentrations of PXT (10–40 μM) had no impact on the expression of CAR, but could significantly induce the expression of CYP2B6 target gene by activating CAR. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay also showed that CAR-mediated CYP3A4 luciferase activity can be promoted by 80 μM of PXT (1.54-fold), while 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM of PXT had no influence on CAR-mediated CYP3A4 luciferase activity. In hCAR-overexpressing HepG2 cells, PXT concentrations (10–40 μM) that significantly induced PXR and CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells had no impact on the expression of CYP3A4, CAR and PXR, whereas a high concentration of PXT (80 µM) could weakly induce the mRNA and protein levels of CAR and CYP3A4. Moreover, the expression of PXR and CYP3A4 in hCAR-silenced HepG2 cells was markedly elevated compared with the blank control or with normal HepG2 cells treated with 10–80 μM of PXT. In conclusion, CAR significantly weakens the ability of PXT to induce CYP3A4 expression by repressing the activation of PXR. There may be a cross-talk mechanism between PXR and CAR on the regulation of CYP3A4 in the presence of PXT. Additionally, a high concentration of PXT (80 μM) induced CYP3A4 via the CAR regulatory pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composting is a widely accepted method for the disposal of deceased livestock. It is a biological self-heating process during which animal carcasses are converted to fertilizer products. Additional inoculants can facilitate the composting progress. This study investigated how the addition of microbial inoculants could improve the composting effectiveness and could change the structure and dynamics of bacterial communities in the carcass composting process. Four strains of Bacillus were inoculated into the swine carcass composting piles. The groups with the additional inoculants showed a higher temperature in the thermophilic phase and higher germination indices in the composted products. The sequencing results showed that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant classified genera were Brevibacterium and Bacillus. Canonical correlation analysis showed that temperature and moisture exerted a stronger influence on the bacterial community diversity. The interaction network of dominant genera and the abundance variation of the bacterial community demonstrated that the inoculated bacterial agent changed the structure of bacterial communities and enriched the diversity of the species due to antagonism and symbiosis among the dominant bacterial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 /carbon nanofibers catalyst prepared by in-situ growth method exhibits excellent performance in combination of oxidation and adsorption for room-temperature HCHO removal. [Display omitted] • 3D Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 /carbon nanofibers (CNF) catalyst prepared by in-situ growth method. • Combination of oxidation and adsorption for room-temperature HCHO removal. • Abundant active oxygen species originated from oxygen vacancies in NiCo 2 O 4. • Possible mechanism for HCHO oxidation over Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 /CNF proposed. Room-temperature catalytic formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation is regarded as the most promising way for constant and oxidative removal of indoor HCHO. Herein, carbon nanofibers (CNF) with three-dimensional (3D) interconnection network structure decorated with Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 alloy nanosheets (Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 /CNF) were fabricated in-situ to catalyze the oxidation of HCHO at ambient temperature. The presence of CNF helps to inhibit the aggregation of NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets, expose more active sites and form a hierarchically porous structure, which is conducive to the dispersion of platinum nanoparticles (NPs) and the diffusion of reactants. Besides, oxygen vacancies from Pt-loading process ensure abundant active oxygen species, which are beneficial to HCHO oxidation. Moreover, CNF with microporous structure can strongly adsorb HCHO, rapidly reduce the concentration of HCHO in air and increase its concentration near Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 , thus accelerating the formaldehyde oxidation reaction. At Pt content as low as 0.5 wt%, Pt/NiCo 2 O 4 /CNF exhibits superior HCHO oxidation activity, and conversion of 92.4% can be achieved within 60 min due to the combination of adsorption and oxidation. This work may shed light on fabricating CNF-based 3D catalysts for the practical application of indoor HCHO elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formalin fixation is considered an important process for preservation of human tissue samples for long periods. However, this process not only results in cross-linking complicating isolation of nucleic acid but also introduces polymerase “blocks” during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At present, many protocols have already been developed aiming at extracting high amounts of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues (FFTs). However, there are few methods for repairing formalin-damaged DNA. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of several post-extraction enzymatic repair techniques, including Taq DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase I and T4 DNA ligase, the PreCR™ Repair Mix and Restorase® DNA Polymerase, in restoring STR profiles from formalin-damaged DNA. Our results indicated that formalin-damaged DNA may be repaired partly with Taq DNA polymerase and the Restorase® DNA Polymerase, and lost alleles may be restored and STR peak heights may increase upon repair with them. Moreover, the repair ability of the protocol 2 with Taq DNA polymerase surpasses the Restorase® DNA Polymerase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a surface functionalization process was designed for the preparation of Au nanoparticles-strewn MnOOH nanorods with enhanced catalytic performance for reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane was used as a modifier to link MnOOH nanorods and Au nanoparticles. The as-obtained nanocomposite was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our results showed that the MnOOH/Au nanocomposite can be used as a highly efficient catalyst for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of NaBH solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium slag (V-slag) is an important secondary V source, but other valuable elements are discarded in the tailings in industry. Herein, a green nitridation–corrosion process is proposed for the comprehensive recovery of valuable elements (V, Ti, Cr, Fe) from V-slag without producing hazardous waste. Thermodynamic results indicate that ammonia gas (NH 3) can selectively reduce Fe and nitride V, Cr, and Ti. The main phase composition of the nitrided V-slag included metallic Fe, nitrides, and diopside under optimal conditions, and their relative contents were 42.5, 26.2, and 31.3%, respectively, after roasting at 1000 °C for 6 h. The effects of the main parameters on corrosion test were investigated, and the highest weight-gain ratio attained was 19.6%. FeOOH crystallizes on the surface of the nitrided V-slag due to the oxidization of metallic Fe. The phase evolution during the entire process is spinel/olivine/diopside → Fe/nitrides/diopside → FeOOH/nitrides/diopside. Owing to finer particle sizes, most FeOOH is separated by wet sieving (<1400 mesh). The purity of the enriched nitrides attained was 43% after pickling to remove excess Fe. The total recovery rates of Fe, V, Ti, Cr were 87.76%, 95.92%, 92.92%, 92.11%, respectively. This paper provides a sustainable strategy for the comprehensive utilization of V-slag, and guides the cleaner treatment of other similar minerals. [Display omitted] • The NH 3 -based nitridation–corrosion process to recover V, Ti, Cr, and Fe from V-slag is proposed. • The reaction mechanism of reduction–nitridation process is revealed. • The optimal parameters during the nitridation–corrosion processes are investigated. • Enrichment of V, Ti, Cr nitrides and separation of Fe are realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the low–temperature disintegration behavior of vanadium titanomagnetite (VTM) pellets in H 2 –CO–CO 2 –N 2 mixtures was investigated. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that pseudobrookite (Fe 2 TiO 5) was reduced in the order Fe 2 TiO 5 → Fe 2 TiO 4 → FeTiO 3 → FeTi 2 O 5 , and the reduction potentials of H 2 and CO were mainly depended on the temperature. The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 400–700 °C with H 2 /(H 2 + CO) of 0–1. The experimental results revealed that disintegration mainly occurred over the temperature range of 500–600 °C, because hematite/pseudobrookite was reduced to magnetite/titanomagnetite resulted in the lattice expansion. A maximum RDI −3.15mm of 45.30% was obtained at 550 °C with a H 2 /(H 2 + CO) ratio of 0.26, and the corresponding reduction degree was 13.31%. Moreover, cracks were observed with a H 2 /(H 2 + CO) ratio of 0.20. A certain interaction between H 2 and CO reduction exists, owing to their different diffusion coefficients and reduction potentials. The reduction by individual CO gases tended to follow the topochemical reaction mode, whereas the non-topochemical reaction mode was dominant with H 2 –CO mixtures. [Display omitted] • Thermodynamically, the reduction of pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) by H2 and CO is studied. • The disintegration behavior under different conditions is investigated. • The effect of different parameters on disintegration is obtained, and the reason is revealed. • The reaction modes named topochemical and non–topochemical under different gas mixtures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here a new type of cold atom interferometry gravimeter based on Bragg diffraction, which is able to increase the gravity measurement sensitivity and stability of common Raman atom gravimeters significantly. By comparing with Raman transition, the principles and advantages of Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeters have been introduced. The theoretical model for a time-domain Bragg atom gravimeter with atomic incident direction parallels to the wave vector of Bragg lasers has been constructed. Some key technical requirements for an n th-order Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeter have been deduced, including the temperature of atom cloud, the diameter, curvature radius, frequency, intensity, and timing sequence of Bragg lasers, etc. The analysis results were verified by the existing experimental data in discussion. The present study provides a good reference for the understanding and construction of a Bragg atom gravimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe long-lasting haze episode in December 2013 provided a unique opportunity to track the variation of aerosol particles in Shanghai, China. Concentrations and sources of the pollutants varied greatly in severe haze-fog episode (P1), moderate haze episode (P2), and clear episode (P3). Both low wind speed and high relative humidity (RH) during P1 resulted in the high level pollutants of PM 2.5 (240.3 ± 167.9 μg m − 3 ), SO 2 (37.9 ± 20.7 μg m − 3 ), NO 2 (111.5 ± 50.2 μg m − 3 ) and total water-soluble ions (58.73 ± 28.87 μg m − 3 ), indicating a strong accumulation of local pollutants and secondary species formation. During P2, air masses from the north decreased the concentration level of particles (116.1 ± 65.5 μg m − 3 ) and increased the visibility, resulting in a moderate degree of pollution. Most of the pollutants dropped to the lowest concentration levels due to the rainfall in P3, and the haze episode ended at 13 December. Single particle analysis showed that C-rich particles exhibited the highest number percentages (30%) in the samples of P1, S/N-rich species (35%) dominated the particles in the samples of P2, and Al/Si-rich particles (23%) were most abundant in the samples of P3. The TEM-EDS analysis confirmed that particles contained more internally mixed components during P1 and P2 than those during P3, suggesting that the particles during P1 and P2 underwent more intense aging in the atmosphere. The single particle analysis indicated that trace metals may promote the heterogeneous transformation of SO 2 and NO 2 on the surface of the particles during P1, which was in agreement with the highest sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) observed in the haze-fog episode. Such information will deepen our understanding on the evolution of haze and fog pollutions in China, which will help the government to establish efficient control strategy for air pollution prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) Co 3 O 4 @NiO hierarchical nanowire arrays supported on nickel foam is fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. The morphologies evolution of Co 3 O 4 @NiO nanoarchitecture reaction times and growth temperature are investigated in detail. When investigated as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs), such unique Co 3 O 4 @NiO core-shell hybrid electrodes exhibit ultrahigh specific capacitances, which are several times larger than the pristine Co 3 O 4 electrode. Because of reduced charge transfer resistances of the core-shell structured composites, electron transfer capability is enhanced and the electrochemical performances are improved. This Co 3 O 4 @NiO core-shell nanostructures electrode exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1236.67 F g −1 and excellent cycling stability (5000 cycles) at a current density of 1 A g −1 . The symmetric supercapacitor shows significantly enhanced specific capacitances as high as 720.71 at 1 A g −1 . Moreover, the supercapacitor shows excellent cycling stability with 91.35% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 1 A g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel rhodamine B-based chemosensor has been developed for Cu(II) detection. • The chemosensor produces pronounced naked-eye and fluorescence responses. • The chemosensor has a high absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 77% • The chemosensor is selective for Cu(II) ions in complex matrices. • The chemosensor is suitable for fluorescence imaging in living cells. The regulation of copper in the human body is important for the prevention of several diseases. Therefore, a rhodamine B-based chemosensor 1 that demonstrates substantial affinity and selectivity was synthesized for the fluorescence imaging of copper(II). In the presence of Cu2+, the chemosensor underwent a color change from colorless to amaranth that was visible to the naked eye, and the fluorescence intensity did not change when excess EDTA was added to the solution. Furthermore, strong fluorescence was observed at 575 nm. The limit of detection was determined as 12.1 nM. The absolute fluorescence quantum yield was as high as 77 % and the stoichiometry between 1 and Cu2+ was determined to be 1:1 using a job plot. An analytical method was developed and successfully used to evaluate the sensor's ability for the fluorescence imaging of Cu2+ in HeLa tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long DNA concatemers have been well developed to fabricate various biosensing platforms for the signal amplification. Herein, this signal amplification strategy was firstly used for an ultrasensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)-based DNA biosensing platform. This platform was constructed through the hybridization of target DNA (TD) with thiol-tethered DNA capture probes (CP), immobilized on the gold substrate surface, and biotinylated DNA signal probes (SP), which formed then the long DNA concatemers through the continuous self-assembly with alternating DNA auxiliary probes (AP). The streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was linked to the long DNA concatemers through biotin-streptavidin interaction. In the HRP-catalyzed reaction, hydroquinone (H 2 Q) was oxidized to benzoquinone (BQ) with H 2 O 2 at the modified substrate surface where sequence-specific hybridization had occurred, and the BQ generated could be monitored by a SECM tip. This platform exhibited a low detection limit of 0.18 aM estimated by the 3σ rule. Combined with DNA microarrays, four kinds of TDs (100 fM) as the models were detected simultaneously by using this proposed strategy, which also demonstrated sufficient selectivity to distinguish specific DNA sequences and good reproducibility. This method opens a promising direction to improve the SECM sensitivity for high-throughput DNA detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has always been a great threat to human health due to its aggressiveness and lethality. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been certified its anti-tumor effects on various tumors. Nonetheless, there are few studies on applying anlotinib as a treatment for GC. The underlying mechanism of acquired resistance during anlotinib administration remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the toxicologic effects of anlotinib on GC cells through CCK8, colony-forming, and flow cytometry assays in vitro and xenograft models in vivo. Anlotinib-resistant GC cells, AGS-R and MGC803-R, were generated and characterized by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. The signaling pathways involved in anlotinib resistance were probed using Cignal™ Finder 10-Pathway Reporter Array. Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the relationships. The TGF-β inhibitor LY364947 was introduced to demonstrate the importance of TGF-β signaling in anlotinib resistance via a series of functional assays. Results: Anlotinib suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo, while its anti-tumor effects were impaired in anlotinib-resistant cells. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and western blot indicated TGF-β signaling was activated in anlotinib-resistant GC cells. LY364947 combined with Anlotinib exerted a better antineoplastic effect than monotherapy and considerably reversed the anlotinib resistance in GC. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that TGF-β signaling may take a significant part in anlotinib resistance in GC. The suppression of TGF-β signaling may be a possible and promising approach for the GC oncotherapy when combined with anlotinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excess accumulation of nonessential Al3+ in the human body can cause serious health problems, thus there is significant interest in the detection of Al3+. A new ratio fluorescent probe (RF‐probe) based on the mixing of red‐emitting D‐penicillamine (DPA) stabilized copper nanoclusters (DPA‐CuNCs) with pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate (PLP) was designed for sensitive and selective determination of Al3+. The −CHO group of PLP is expected to form an imine linkage with the free −NH2 group available of the DPA on the surface of DPA‐CuNCs. The content of Al3+ could be mensurated by the as‐prepared RF‐probe with a linear response in the range of 1.33–46.67 μmol ⋅ L−1, and corresponding limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.33 μmol ⋅ L−1. Moreover, the RF‐probe was successfully extended to the assay of Al3+ in aluminum carbonate chewing tablets, baking powder, pond water and drink water with satisfactory results compared to the standard atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the notion of a three-way fuzzy set is presented, inspired by the basic ideas of three-way decision and various generalized fuzzy sets, including lattice-valued fuzzy sets, partial fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, etc. As the new theory of uncertainty, it has been used in attribute reduction and as a new control method for the water level. However, as an extension of a three-way decision, this new theory has not been used in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM for short). Based on the previous work, in this paper, we present rough set models based on three-way fuzzy sets, which extend the existing fuzzy rough set models in both complete and incomplete information systems. Furthermore, the new models are used to solve the issue of MCDM. Firstly, three-way fuzzy relation rough set and three-way fuzzy covering rough set models are presented for complete and incomplete information systems. Because almost all existing fuzzy rough set models are proposed under complete information, the new proposed models can be seen as a supplement to these existing models. Then, a relationship between the three-way fuzzy relation rough set and the three-way fuzzy covering rough set is presented. Finally, a novel method for the issue of MCDM is presented under the novel three-way fuzzy rough set models, which is used in paper defect diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campus landscape as the essence of campus environment accentuates the history, culture and time characteristics of university. Pleasant and elegant campus landscape conveys spirit, aesthetic taste, and cultural connotation of the university; furthermore, it makes people active and struggle for it Shanshui culture on campus landscape design has important significance and function and appeal to the design conception of landscape and planning strategy to follow the principles of integrity, ecology and comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial and financial attributes of oil have significantly changed the evolution characteristics of prices and returns of the international crude oil market. Using monthly data from April 2003 to October 2020, this paper identifies dynamic characteristics of oil's commercial and financial attributes based on the structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR) and further analyzes their market effects with different attributes. The result shows that there are situations of commercial and financial attributes dominating, and dual attributes co-dominating for oil. Furthermore, their durations account for 51%, 23%, and 26% respectively, of the full sample. Besides, the reactions of crude oil price or return to the different properties of oil are heterogeneous. Specifically, the dual attributes of oil play the most important role in the price evolution of the international crude oil market, which is 80.851. There are significant differences among the impact of different attributes of oil on the evolution of international crude oil market returns, which are 0.009, −0.008, and −0.004, respectively. Then, some relevant recommendations for policy-makers and investors based on the above research conclusions are also put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) gene encodes a large subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein complex. DYNC1H1 mutations are associated with various neurological diseases involving both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Methods: The clinical characteristics and genetic data of an infant carrying the de novo DYNC1H1 variant identified by trio exome sequencing were analyzed. Patients with epilepsy with DYNC1H1 mutations were summarized by reviewing the literature. Results: We first identified an infant presenting with epileptic spasms harboring a de novo missense mutation in DYNC1H1 (c.874C>T; p. Arg292Trp), once reported in an adult case, and further summarized another 54 patients with seizures or epilepsy caused by DYNC1H1 pathogenic variants in the literature. Refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, and cortical developmental malformations are crucial characteristics of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) caused by DYNC1H1 variants. Notably, epileptic spasms in this case were resistant to multiple anti‐seizure medications, corticosteroids, ketogenic diet, and vagus nerve stimulation treatment. The child also showed cortical gyrus malformation and global developmental delay. Conclusion: DYNC1H1 variants can cause infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, in which Arg292Trp is a mutation hotspot of the DYNC1H1 gene. Epileptic seizures in this type of DYNC1H1‐related DEE are mostly resistant to multiple antiepileptic strategies and need to explore optimized treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TRIM24 bromodomain is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. • Thirty one novel N -benzyl-3,6-dimethylbenzo[ d ]isoxazol-5-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized. • The structure-activity relationship study revealed high hydrophobic requirements of the "upper pocket". • Two potent and selective compounds 11d and 11h exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activities against TRIM24 bromodomain. • Compounds 11d and 11h exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activities on the proliferation of several cancer cells. Tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), recognized as an epigenetic reader for acetylated H3K23 (H3K23ac) via its bromodomain, has been closely involved in tumorigenesis or tumor progression of several cancers. Developing inhibitors of TRIM24 is significant for functional studies and drug discovery. Herein, we report the identification, optimization and evaluation of N -benzyl-3,6-dimethylbenzo[ d ]isoxazol-5-amines as TRIM24 bromodomain inhibitors starting from an in house library screening. Structure-based optimization leads to two potent and selective compounds 11d and 11h in an Alphascreen assay with IC 50 values of 1.88 μM and 2.53 μM, respectively. The viability assay demonstrates the great potential of this series of compounds as inhibitors of proliferation of prostate cancer (PC) cells LNCaP, C4-2B. A colony formation assay further supports this inhibitory activity. Compounds 11d and 11h inhibit cell proliferation of other cancer types such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells A549 with IC 50 values of 1.08 μM and 0.75 μM, respectively. These data suggests that compounds 11d and 11h are promising lead compounds for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to estimate the therapeutic potential of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) on dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The IgY was produced by immunizing hens with cell wall proteins of T. rubrum , extracted from eggs by PEG precipitation and then purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The cross-reactivity (CR) with other fungi, growth inhibition on T. rubrum in vitro and therapeutic effect on T. rubrum infection in BALB/C mice of the specific IgY were then evaluated. Anti- T. rubrum cell wall proteins IgY (anti-trCWP IgY) presented a certain degree of cross-reactivity with different fungi. In the in vitro and in vivo activity researches, Anti-trCWP IgY showed a significant dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect on T. rubrum in vitro and a significant dose-dependent therapeutic effect on T. rubrum infection in BALB/C mice. • Egg yolk immunoglobulin produced using Trichophyton rubrum cell wall proteins as antigen. • Anti- T. rubrum IgY present cross-reactivity with other fungi. • Anti- T. rubrum IgY inhibited T. rubrum growth in vitro. • Anti- T. rubrum IgY alleviated T. rubrum infection in BALB/C mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the diffusion of water and other small, uncharged solutes across the cellular membrane and are widely distributed in organisms from humans to bacteria. However, the characteristics of prokaryotic aquaporins remain largely unknown. We investigated the distribution and sequence characterization of aquaporins in prokaryotic organisms and summarized the transport characteristics, physiological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of prokaryotic aquaporins. Aquaporin homologues were identified in 3315 prokaryotic genomes retrieved from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, but the protein clustering pattern is not completely congruent with the phylogeny of the species that carry them. Moreover, prokaryotic aquaporins display diversified aromatic/arginine constriction region (ar/R) amino acid compositions, implying multiple functions. The typical water and glycerol transport characterization, physiological functions, and regulations have been extensively studied in Escherichia coli AqpZ and GlpF. A Streptococcus aquaporin has recently been verified to facilitate the efflux of endogenous H2O2, which not only contributes to detoxification but also to species competitiveness, improving our understanding of prokaryotic aquaporins. Furthermore, recent studies revealed novel regulatory mechanisms of prokaryotic aquaporins at post-translational level. Thus, we propose that intensive investigation on prokaryotic aquaporins would extend the functional categories and working mechanisms of these ubiquitous, intrinsic membrane proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel double-emission fluorescence probe at 340 and 400 nm was synthesized by one-pot method using phenylalanine (Phe) and ascorbic acid (AA) as stabilizing and reducing agents. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of the probe at 400 nm could be controlled by controlling the temperature within a certain range, and the ratio of double-emission fluorescence probe could be further regulated. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity at 340 nm decreased significantly, while it only showed a slight decrease at 400 nm, which constituted the ratio fluorescence probe. The synthesized fluorescence probe showed good linearity in the range of 0.2–32 μM, and its detection limit was 63.4 nM. Moreover, the method was successfully employed to determine VA in vanilla drink and perfumes, and corresponding results were consistent with those of HPLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a type of polymer/inorganic hybrid electrolytes (PIHEs) containing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) was prepared through polyaddition method. The obtained hybrid electrolytes possess excellent thermal stability (>240 °C), low glass transmission temperature (−46.8 °C) accompanied by good lithium ion transference number (tLi+=0.35). The interaction of Li+ ion with the HEs has been verified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests. Furthermore, high ion conductivity (σ) of 0.97×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C was found for this type of PIHEs. At the same time, stable and reversible lithium deposition and dissolution process mediated by the synthesized PIHEs was confirmed by galvanostatic plating/stripping cyclic measurements which reflected its excellent electrochemical stability. This work provides a facile way to construct PIHEs with covalent linkage and decent properties for lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrosophic triangular norms (t-norms) and their residuated lattices are not only the main research object of neutrosophic set theory, but also the core content of neutrosophic logic. Neutrosophic implications are important operators of neutrosophic logic. Neutrosophic residual implications based on neutrosophic t-norms can be applied to the fields of neutrosophic inference and neutrosophic control. In this paper, neutrosophic t-norms, neutrosophic residual implications, and the residuated lattices derived from neutrosophic t-norms are investigated deeply. First of all, the lattice and its corresponding system are proved to be a complete lattice and a De Morgan algebra, respectively. Second, the notions of neutrosophic t-norms are introduced on the complete lattice discussed earlier. The basic concepts and typical examples of representable and non-representable neutrosophic t-norms are obtained. Naturally, De Morgan neutrosophic triples are defined for the duality of neutrosophic t-norms and neutrosophic t-conorms with respect to neutrosophic negators. Third, neutrosophic residual implications generated from neutrosophic t-norms and their basic properties are investigated. Furthermore, residual neutrosophic t-norms are proved to be infinitely ∨-distributive, and then some important properties possessed by neutrosophic residual implications are given. Finally, a method for producing neutrosophic t-norms from neutrosophic implications is presented, and the residuated lattices are constructed on the basis of neutrosophic t-norms and neutrosophic residual implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cut sets, decomposition theorem and representation theorem have a great influence on the realization of the transformation of fuzzy sets and classical sets, and the single-valued neutrosophic multisets (SVNMSs) as the generalization of fuzzy sets, which cut sets, decomposition theorem and representation theorem have the similar effects, so they need to be studied in depth. In this paper, the decomposition theorem, representation theorem and the application of a new similarity measures of SVNMSs are studied by using theoretical analysis and calculations. The following are the main results: (1) The notions, operation and operational properties of the cut sets and strong cut sets of SVNMSs are introduced and discussed; (2) The decomposition theorem and representation theorem of SVNMSs are established and rigorously proved. The decomposition theorem and the representation theorem of SVNMSs are the theoretical basis for the development of SVNMSs. The decomposition theorem provides a new idea for solving the problem of SVNMSs, and points out the direction for the principle of expansion of SVNMSs. (3) Based on the decomposition theorem and representation theorem of SVNMSs, a new notion of similarity measure of SVNMSs is proposed by applying triple integral. And this new similarity is applied to the practical problem of multicriteria decision-making, which explains the efficacy and practicability of this decision-making method. The new similarity is not only a way to solve the problem of multi-attribute decision-making, but also contains an important mathematical idea, that is, the idea of transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new generalization of the notion of the standard group, the notion of the neutrosophic triplet group (NTG) is derived from the basic idea of the neutrosophic set and can be regarded as a mathematical structure describing generalized symmetry. In this paper, the properties and structural features of NTG are studied in depth by using theoretical analysis and software calculations (in fact, some important examples in the paper are calculated and verified by mathematics software, but the related programs are omitted). The main results are obtained as follows: (1) by constructing counterexamples, some mistakes in the some literatures are pointed out; (2) some new properties of NTGs are obtained, and it is proved that every element has unique neutral element in any neutrosophic triplet group; (3) the notions of NT-subgroups, strong NT-subgroups, and weak commutative neutrosophic triplet groups (WCNTGs) are introduced, the quotient structures are constructed by strong NT-subgroups, and a homomorphism theorem is proved in weak commutative neutrosophic triplet groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]