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Rumen microorganisms determine the optimal utilization rate of nutrients, and Prevotella is one of the most representative bacteria in the rumen biological system. Prevotella is involved in food digestion and metabolism of complex forms of nutrients such as cellulose and protein, and can cooperate with other forms of bacteria in the digestive tract of body. It promotes the biodegradation of some forms of nutrients by enzymes. The paper summarizes the research results of Prevotella at home and abroad, summarizes its classification and growth conditions, and focuses on the role of Prevotella in digestion and metabolism in rumen of ruminants. Prevotella can assist the digestion and metabolism of cellulose by indirect use of enzymes, play an important role in the process of protein degradation. It can also degrade plant polysaccharides, can be affected by dietary structure, feeding environment and other factors. The article aims to explore the role and mechanism of Prevotella in nutrient metabolism in the rumen of ruminants, thereby improving animal production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virus 2019-nCoV rapidly crossed the globe in the first quarter of 2020, and the global civil aviation industry contributed to the spread of the virus. The aircraft deplaning process is one of the critical stages of the spread of infectious diseases and merits careful research accordingly. However, little effort has been made to tailor the civil aircraft deplaning process to the existence of patients with severe acute airborne disease. In this study, we explore a mixed patient-health pedestrian deplaning flow from a Boeing 737-300's with a full economy-class layout as per the virus spread dynamics during the process. We develop feasible deplaning management strategies that can reduce the inflection risk to the healthy passengers during the deplaning process. We then quantitatively compare the deplaning process before and after adopting the proposed strategies. The numerical results show that the proposed strategies effectively reduce the risk of infection during the deplaning process but sacrifice deplaning efficiency. We assert that health outweighs efficiency, and find that the proposed strategy may thus have practical value and potentially be of use to administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the effects of short acquisition time on the image quality and the lesion detectability of oncological 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT. Methods: Nineteen oncological patients (6/13 women/men, age 65.6 ± 9.4 years) underwent total-body PET/CT on uEXPLORER scanner using 3D list mode. The administration of 18F-FDG was weight-based (4.4 MBq/kg). The acquisition time was 900 s, and PET data were reconstructed into 900-, 180-, 120-, 60-, 30-, and 18-s duration groups. The subjective PET image quality was scored using a 5-point scale (5, excellent; 1, poor) in 3 perspectives: overall quality, noise, and lesion conspicuity. The objective image quality was evaluated by SUVmax and standard deviation (SD) of the liver, SUVmax of the tumor, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). The lesion detectability was the percentage of identifiable lesions in the groups of 180 to 18 s using the group 900 s as reference. Results: Our results showed that sufficient and acceptable subjective image quality could be achieved with 60- and 30-s groups, and good image quality scores were given to 180- and 120-s groups without significant difference. For shortened acquisition time, SD was increased, while SUVmax of tumor and TBR remained unchanged. The lesion detectability was decreased with shorter acquisition time, but the detection performance could be maintained until the 60-s group compared with the 900-s group, although the image quality degraded. Conclusion: The total-body PET/CT can significantly shorten the acquisition time with maintained lesion detectability and image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary incontinence following prostate treatment (IPT) represents a significant complication that detrimentally impacts the quality of life for patients who have undergone prostate surgery. Presently, there is a scarcity of evidence regarding the preferred surgical techniques for IPT. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of the male sling and artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in the treatment of IPT., Methods: Data were extracted through electronic literature searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases until September 2023. Eligible studies included patients who underwent AUS or male sling procedures for IPT and had a follow-up duration exceeding 12 months. The primary end point was the success rate, with the secondary outcome focusing on complication rates. A fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled estimate and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test., Results: The meta-analysis included nine studies, involving a total of 1,350 participants. No statistically significant difference in success rates was found between AUS and male sling [odds ratio (OR): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.01]. In terms of the complication rate, there was no significant disparity between the two procedures (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12)., Conclusions: The findings from this study indicated that male sling surgery yielded success and complication rates comparable to those of AUS. This suggests that male sling could serve as a viable alternative surgical option in the treatment of IPT., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tau-24-107/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To investigate the potential differences between topography-guided (TG) and wavefront-optimized (WFO) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the treatment of myopia., Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to determine relevant trials comparing LASIK with TG and WFO from the time of library construction to August 2020, and The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, EMBASE and Chinese databases ( i.e. CNKI, CBM, WAN FANG and VIP) were accessed. The data on visual acuity, refractive status and wavefront aberration were retrieved and evaluated from three to six months after surgery. STATA (version 14.0) software was used for statistical analysis. A cumulative Meta-analysis was simultaneously performed., Results: Eleven studies with a total of 1425 eyes were incorporated. No statistically significant differences were evident between TG and WFO ablation in the proportion of eyes achieving an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better ( P =0.377), gaining one line or more ( P =0.05), postoperative cylinder ( P =0.40), vertical coma ( P =0.593) and horizontal coma ( P =0.957). After TG ablation, the proportion of the patients' eyes of which postoperative refraction is within ±0.5 diopter of the target refraction was significantly higher than that undergoes WFO ( P =0.003). As opposed to the WFO group, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE; P =0.000) was lower, and UCVA ( P =0.005) was better in the TG group. The higher-order aberrations (HOAs; P =0.000), spherical aberration ( P =0.000) and coma ( P =0.000) were significantly lower in TG group. The cumulative Meta-analysis illustrated that the proportion of eyes achieving UCVA of 20/20 or better, postoperative refraction within ±0.5 diopter, and MRSE has steady between the two groups., Conclusion: Both TG-LASIK and WFO-LASIK are safe, effective, and predictable for correcting myopia. TG-LASIK may produce fewer aberration and is more precise than WFO-LASIK., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)