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The electrical characteristics and microstructures of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode (SBD) devices irradiated with swift heavy ions (2096 MeV Ta ions) have been studied. It was found that β-Ga2O3 SBD devices showed the reliability degradation after irradiation, including turn-on voltage Von, on-resistance Ron, ideality factor n, and the reverse leakage current density Jr. In addition, the carrier concentration of the drift layer was decreased significantly and the calculated carrier removal rates were 5 × 106–1.3 × 107 cm−1. Latent tracks induced by swift heavy ions were observed visually in the whole β-Ga2O3 matrix. Furthermore, crystal structure of tracks was amorphized completely. The latent tracks induced by Ta ions bombardments were found to be the reason for the decrease in carrier mobility and carrier concentration. Eventually, these defects caused the degradation of electrical characteristics of the devices. In terms of the carrier removal rates, the β-Ga2O3 SBD devices were more sensitive to swift heavy ions irradiation than SiC and GaN devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various morphologies of tracks in MoS2 irradiated by swift heavy ions at normal and 30° incidence with 9.5–25.0 MeV/u 86Kr, 129Xe, 181Ta, and 209Bi ions were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of ion tracks increases from 1.9 nm to 4.5 nm with increasing electronic energy loss. The energy loss threshold of the track formation in MoS2 is predicted as about 9.7 keV/nm based on the thermal spike model and it seems consistent with the experimental results. It is shown that the morphology of ion tracks is related to the penetration length of ions in MoS2. The formation process of ion tracks is discussed based on the cooperative process of outflow and recrystallization of the molten phase during rapid quenching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zwitterionic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of {[Cu(Cbdcp)(Dps)(H2O)3]·6H2O}n (MOF 1) and [Cu4(Dcbb)4(Dps)2(H2O)2]n (MOF 2) (H3CbdcpBr = N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-(3,5-dicarboxyl)pyridinium bromide; H2DcbbBr = 1-(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide; Dps = 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide) quench the fluorescence of cytosine-rich DNA tagged with 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA, emission at 582 nm, denoted as C-rich P-DNA-1) and yield the corresponding P-DNA-1@MOF hybrids. Exposure of these hybrids to Ag+ results in the release of the P-DNA-1 strands from the MOF surfaces as double-stranded, hairpin-like C–AgI–C (ds-DNA-1@Ag+) with the restoration of TAMRA fluorescence. The ds-DNA-1@Ag+ formed on the surface of 1 can subsequently sense biothiols cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy) due to the stronger affinity of mercapto groups for Ag+ that serves to unfold the ds-DNA-1@Ag+ duplex, reforming P-DNA-1, which is re-adsorbed by MOF 1 accompanied by quenching of TAMRA emission. Meanwhile, MOF 2 is also capable of co-loading a thymine-rich probe DNA tagged with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM, emission at 518 nm, denoted as T-rich P-DNA-2) to achieve synchronous sensing of Ag+ and Hg2+, resulting from the simultaneous yet specific ds-DNA-1@Ag+ and T–HgII–T duplex (ds-DNA-2@Hg2+) formation, as well as the distinctive emission wavelengths of TAMRA and FAM. Detection limits are as low as 5.3 nM (Ag+), 14.2 nM (Cys), 13.5 nM (GSH), and 9.1 nM (Hcy) for MOF 1, and 7.5 nM (Ag+) and 2.6 nM (Hg2+) for MOF 2, respectively. The sequential sensing of Ag+ and biothiols by MOF 1, and the synchronous sensing of Ag+ and Hg2+ by MOF 2 are rapid and specific, even in the presence of other mono- and divalent metal cations or other biothiols at much higher concentrations. Molecular simulation studies provide insights regarding the molecular interactions that underpin these sensing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-patterns are poor solutions to recurring implementation and design problems that impede the maintenance and evolution of software. Anti-pattern detection can not only help identify software defects, avoid trapping into the same problems, but also provide guidance for software refactoring, which has great meaning for improvement of software quality. Starting with static anti-pattern detection and dynamic anti-pattern detection, this paper analysed the current relevant methods in the field of anti-pattern detection in detail, and then made a survey of the related detection tools. At last it concluded the application of various detection methods as well as their shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In thi paper it introduced the function of EGb/nano ilverol compound antibacterial ag nt and nanomerter anti bacterial fi nishing process of cashmere knit wear in detail. Then the antibacterial prop rties and skin irritation were in depth studied . Experiments showed that after nanometer antibacterial fi nish ing , the cashmere knitwear have high inhibition to colibacillus , staphylococcus aureu and candida albi ans with no timulation to the skin. I t will keep the slippery hand fe eling and oft glo of cashmere , at th same time meet the fu nction requirement of afety , sanitation and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coaxial radiography-guided puncture technique (CR-PT) is a novel technique for endoscopic lumbar discectomy. As the X-ray beam and the puncturing needle are maintained in a parallel and coaxial direction, the X-ray beam can be used to guide the trajectory angle, facilitating the choice of the puncture site and providing real-time guidance. This puncture technique offers numerous advantages over the conventional anterior-posterior and lateral radiography-guided puncture technique (AP-PT), especially in cases of herniated lumbar discs with a hypertrophied transverse process or articular process, high iliac crest, and narrowed intervertebral foramen., Aim: To confirm whether CR-PT is a superior approach to percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy compared to AP-PT., Methods: In this parallel, controlled, randomized clinical trial, herniated lumbar disc patients appointed to receive percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy treatment were recruited from the Pain Management Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sixty-five participants were enrolled and divided into either a CR-PT group or an AP-PT group. The CR-PT group underwent CR-PT, and the AP-PT group underwent AP-PT. The number of fluoroscopies during puncturing, puncture duration (min), surgery duration (min), VAS score during puncturing, and puncture success rate were recorded., Results: Sixty-five participants were included, with 31 participants in the CR-PT group and 34 in the AP-PT group. One participant in the AP-PT group dropped out due to unsuccessful puncturing. The number of fluoroscopies [median (P25, P75)] was 12 (11, 14) in the CR-PT group vs 16 (12, 23) in the AP-PT group, while the puncture duration (mean ± SD) was 20.42 ± 5.78 vs 25.06 ± 5.46, respectively. The VAS score was 3 (2, 4) in the CR-PT group vs 3 (3, 4) in the AP-PT group. Further subgroup analysis was performed, considering only the participants with L5/S1 segment herniation: 9 patients underwent CR-PT, and 9 underwent AP-PT. The number of fluoroscopies was 11.56 ± 0.88 vs 25.22 ± 5.33; the puncture duration was 13.89 ± 1.45 vs 28.89 ± 3.76; the surgery duration was 105 (99.5, 120) vs 149 (125, 157.5); and the VAS score was 2.11 ± 0.93 vs 3.89 ± 0.6, respectively. All the above outcomes demonstrated statistical significance ( P < 0.05), favoring the CR-PT treatment., Conclusion: CR-PT is a novel and effective technique. As opposed to conventional AP-PT, this technique significantly improves puncture accuracy, shortens puncture time and operation time, and reduces pain intensity during puncturing., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicting interests related to this paper., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Zwitterionic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of {[Cu(Cbdcp)(Dps)(H 2 O) 3 ]·6H 2 O} n (MOF 1) and [Cu 4 (Dcbb) 4 (Dps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n (MOF 2) (H 3 CbdcpBr = N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-(3,5-dicarboxyl)pyridinium bromide; H 2 DcbbBr = 1-(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bromide; Dps = 4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide) quench the fluorescence of cytosine-rich DNA tagged with 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA, emission at 582 nm, denoted as C-rich P-DNA-1) and yield the corresponding P-DNA-1@MOF hybrids. Exposure of these hybrids to Ag + results in the release of the P-DNA-1 strands from the MOF surfaces as double-stranded, hairpin-like C-Ag I -C (ds-DNA-1@Ag + ) with the restoration of TAMRA fluorescence. The ds-DNA-1@Ag + formed on the surface of 1 can subsequently sense biothiols cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy) due to the stronger affinity of mercapto groups for Ag + that serves to unfold the ds-DNA-1@Ag + duplex, reforming P-DNA-1, which is re-adsorbed by MOF 1 accompanied by quenching of TAMRA emission. Meanwhile, MOF 2 is also capable of co-loading a thymine-rich probe DNA tagged with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM, emission at 518 nm, denoted as T-rich P-DNA-2) to achieve synchronous sensing of Ag + and Hg 2+ , resulting from the simultaneous yet specific ds-DNA-1@Ag + and T-Hg II -T duplex (ds-DNA-2@Hg 2+ ) formation, as well as the distinctive emission wavelengths of TAMRA and FAM. Detection limits are as low as 5.3 nM (Ag + ), 14.2 nM (Cys), 13.5 nM (GSH), and 9.1 nM (Hcy) for MOF 1, and 7.5 nM (Ag + ) and 2.6 nM (Hg 2+ ) for MOF 2, respectively. The sequential sensing of Ag + and biothiols by MOF 1, and the synchronous sensing of Ag + and Hg 2+ by MOF 2 are rapid and specific, even in the presence of other mono- and divalent metal cations or other biothiols at much higher concentrations. Molecular simulation studies provide insights regarding the molecular interactions that underpin these sensing processes.

A 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) of {[Cu(Dcbb)(Bpe)]·Cl} n (1, H 2 DcbbBr = 1-(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bromide, Bpe = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene)) has been prepared. MOF 1 associates with the thymine-rich (T-rich), single-stranded probe DNA (ss-DNA, denoted as P-DNA) labeled with fluorophore FAM (FAM = carboxyfluorescein) and quenches the FAM emission to give a nonemissive P-DNA@1 hybrid (off state). The P-DNA in the hybrid subsequently captures the Hg 2+ to give a rigid double-stranded DNA featuring T-Hg 2+ -T motif (ds-DNA@Hg 2+ ) and detach from MOF 1, triggering the recovery of the FAM fluorescence (on state). Upon subsequent addition of I - , Hg 2+ was further sequestrated from the ds-DNA@Hg 2+ duplex, driven by the stronger Hg-I coordination. The released P-DNA is resorbed by MOF 1 to regain the initial P-DNA@1 hybrid (off state). The P-DNA@1 sensor thus detects Hg 2+ and I - sequentially via a fluorescence "off-on-off" mechanism. The sensor is highly selective and sensitive, yielding detection limits of 3.2 and 3.3 nM, respectively. The detection process was conformed by circular dichroism (CD) and the detection mechanism was verified by fluorescence anisotropy, binding constant, and simulation of the binding free energy at each stage.