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Drawing on a self-regulation perspective, we develop and test a theoretical model linking risk propensity to entrepreneurial intention through the mechanisms of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and regulatory focus. Using survey data collected from a sample of 210 employees and managers in China, the results indicated that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and promotion focus (but not prevention focus) are positively associated with entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, these two self-regulatory mechanisms partially mediate the relationship between risk propensity and entrepreneurial intention. Implications for entrepreneurship research and practice are offered., Author(s): Jibao Gu [sup.1] , Lingyu Hu [sup.1] , Jianlin Wu [sup.1] , Augustine A. Lado [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000000121679639, grid.59053.3a, School of Management, University of Science and Technology [...]

Pemphigus is a chronic autoimmune bullous skin disease that affects the skin and/or mucous membranes. The pathogenesis of pemphigus is closely associated with the formation of autoantibodies against desmoglein, involving B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity. Cytokines play a role in the immune response. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of pemphigus. This article reviews the association of Th2 cells and their cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-31, with the onset of pemphigus, thereby unraveling the pivotal role of type I inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of pemphigus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid. Methods: From October 2020 to October 2022, the medical records of patients with bullous pemphigoid who were treated with dupilumab in our department were collected retrospectively to analyze the therapeutic effect and changes in laboratory indexes. Results: The records of a total of 11 patients with bullous pemphigoid who were treated with dupilumab was reviewed. Within 2 weeks of the treatment, 10 (90.9%) of the 11 patients had complete or substantial control of the disease. The BPDAI scores of the patients decreased from baseline 113 (62, 181) to 37 (6, 130) at 2 weeks (p =.001) and 4 (0, 37) at 12 weeks after treatment (p <.001). In the 11 patients treated with dupilumab, the relief time of pruritus was 0–3 days (0.5, 7) days, and the pruritus was significantly alleviated after 2 weeks (t = 15.925, p <.001). The DLQI score decreased from (25.5 ± 2.5) before treatment, to (11.8 ± 4.4) at 2 weeks (t = 10.764, p <.001) and (2.1 ± 1.9) at 12 weeks (t = 30.038, p <.001). The patients had high eosinophil counts, high serum IgE levels, low serum total protein levels, and abnormal blood coagulation function. The aforementioned indicators gradually returned to normal after treatment. No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment. Conclusion: Dupilumab can effectively control the condition of bullous pemphigoid, efficiently relieve pruritus symptoms, and is relatively safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]