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Excessive existence of fluoride in water resources can lead to harmful impacts on ecosystems and organisms. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes loaded with La(OH)3 nanorods composites (La(OH)3/PAN electrospun nanofiber membranes [ENFMs]) are fabricated and used as an efficient fluoride scavenger. Adsorbent fabricate protocols, pH, initial F− concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time, in addition to coexisting anions, were systematically evaluated. The investigation unveils that a pH of 3.0 is optimal for F− remediation. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs are well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.997) with characteristics of chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm (R 2 > 0.999) with the feature of single-layer coverage. The existence of Cl−, SO4 2−, NO3 −, and CO3 2− does not significantly hinder fluoride removal by La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs with the exception of PO4 3−. Calculations of ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS reveal that the nature of F− adsorption onto La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs is endothermic and favorable at a higher temperature.

Background: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a category of conditions characterized by misrecognition of autologous tissues and organs by the immune system, leading to severe impairment of patients' health and quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests a connection between fluctuations in plasma metabolites and ADs. However, the existence of a causal relationship behind these associations remains uncertain. Methods: Applying the two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) method, the reciprocal causality between plasma metabolites and ADs was analyzed. We took the intersection of two metabolite genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for GWAS-meta and obtained 1,009 metabolites' GWAS data using METAL software. We accessed GWAS summary statistics for 5 common ADs, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from published GWAS data. MR analyses were performed in discovery and replication stage simultaneously. Meanwhile, the reverse MR analysis was conducted to investigate the possibility of reverse causal association. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the results. These statistical analyses were conducted using R software. Finally, the web version of MetaboAnalyst 5.0. was applied to analyze metabolic pathways. Ultimately, we conducted ELISA assays on plasma samples from patients to validate the results. Results: 4 metabolites were identified to have causal relationships with IBD, 2 metabolites with MS, 13 metabolites with RA, and 4 metabolites with T1D. In the reverse MR analysis, we recognized causality between SLE and 22 metabolites, IBD and 4 metabolites, RA and 22 metabolites, and T1D and 37 metabolites. Additionally, 4 significant metabolic pathways were identified in RA by metabolic pathway analysis in the forward MR analysis. Correspondingly, in the reverse, 11 significant metabolic pathways in RA, 8 in SLE, and 4 in T1D were obtained using identical approaches. Furthermore, the protective role of glutamate was confirmed through ELISA assays. Conclusions: Our research established a reciprocal causality between plasma metabolites and ADs. Furthermore, diverse metabolic pathways correlated with ADs were uncovered. Novel insights into the prediction and diagnosis were provided, as well as new targets for precise treatment of these conditions were discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the demand for high-power, long-pulse-width 532 nm lasers in the medical and industrial processing fields, this paper explains how the laser cavity of a high-power Nd:YAG 532 nm laser can be extended while maintaining the laser's q-parameter by using a 4f optical system. The results show that at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, the extended cavity achieved a maximum average power of 112 W. Compared with the short cavity, the power was not significantly reduced. The pulse width was extended from 56 ns to 85 ns, and its broadening ratio reached 46.5%. The laser maintained good beam quality during high-power operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CVBs (cylindrical vector beams) are widely used in optical imaging, optical trapping, material processing, etc. In this study, based on mode-selective couplers and passive mode-locking fiber technology, a cylindrical vector fiber amplifier with an MOPA (master oscillator power amplifier) structure was developed. In the experiment, the pre-amp stage reached 19.87 mW output power and a CVB output with a mode purity greater than 97%. The measured beam quality factor was M2 = 2.1. The CVB output power obtained by the first-amp stage was 152.4 mW, and the mode purity was greater than 92%. The measured beam quality factor was M2 = 1.99. The internal inhomogeneity and external effects of the isotropic LMA (large-mode-area) fiber led to a decrease in beam quality and mode purity. After amplification, the gain of the fundamental mode was higher and the power was greater, resulting in a greatly reduced mode purity. This CVB fiber amplifier yielded important research value in expanding the applications of high-power fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]