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BackgroundDeterministic method is widely used in shielding calculation for fusion and fission devices. The data accuracy of multi-group cross section has significant influence on the deterministic calculation results.PurposeThis study aims to obtain a multi-group cross-section library suitable for various shielding problems by developing a multi-group cross-section processing code ARES-MACXS based on Bondarenko resonance processing method with functionalities of resonance processing, temperature interpolation, transport correction, up-scattering processing, collapse group, and so on, and uses the exponential interpolation method to obtain more accurate multi-group cross sections.MethodFirst of all, KASHIL_E70 library and FENDLL-3.1d library were respectively processed by ARES-MACXS for single nuclide calculation to verify the correctness of the code, and the results were compared with continuous energy Monte Carlo code. Then, the ill-Fe, OKTAVIAN-Al and other benchmarks were calculated to verify the applicability of the code to different nuclides, and the results were compared with the continuous energy Monte Carlo code. Finally, the ill-Fe, OKTAVIAN-Al and other benchmarks calculated by ARES-MACXS were compared with experimental measurements.ResultsThe error between the deterministic transport calculation result and the Monte Carlo calculation result is less than 1%, the error between the deterministic transport calculation result and experimental measurement values is less than 20%.ConclusionsThe results show that the multi-group cross sections calculated by ARES-MACXS have reliable accuracy and can be applied to the verification of benchmarks, hence can be applied to the calculation of engineering problems.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) caused by areca nut chewing is a prevalent fibrotic disease in Asia‐Pacific countries. Arecoline‐induced migration of fibroblasts (FBs) plays a vital role in the development of OSF. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Many studies have shown that tyrosine sulphation of chemokines can influence cell migration. Herein, we demonstrated that arecoline stimulates tyrosine sulphation of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) through the tyrosylprotein sulphotransferase‐1 (TPST‐1) to enhance the migration ability of FBs. Moreover, by RNA‐Seq analysis, we found that the most significantly altered pathway was the EGFR pathway after the arecoline stimulation for FBs. After the knockdown of arecoline‐induced EGFR expression, the tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4 was significantly decreased by the inhibition of TPST‐1 induction. Finally, in human OSF specimens, TPST‐1 expression was directly correlated with the expression of CXCR4. These data indicate that the arecoline‐induced tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4, which is regulated by TPST‐1, might be a potential mechanism that contributes to FB migration in OSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]