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Additional file 8.

Background The orchid is one of the top ten Chinese flowers and has high ornamental value and elegant color. However, orchids are vulnerable to abiotic stresses during their growth and development, and the molecular mechanism of the abiotic stress response in orchids is unclear. WRKY proteins belong to a transcription factor family that plays important roles in biotic stress, abiotic stress, growth and development in plants, but little is known about the WRKY family in Cymbidium goeringii. Methods The specific fragment of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of the CgWRKY57 gene of C. goeringii under 4 °C, 42 °C water and ABA stress as well as different tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. CgWRKY57 gene was overexpressed in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana by inflorescence infection method, and the function of transgenic lines under ABA stress was analyzed. Results CgWRKY57 was cloned from C. goeringii and found to encode 303 amino acids. The CgWRKY57 protein is an acidic, nonsecreted hydrophilic protein without a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. The CgWRKY57 protein is located to the nucleus and may function intracellularly according to its predicted subcellular localization. A domain analysis and homology comparison showed that the CgWRKY57 protein has a “WRKYGQK” domain and belongs to Group III of the WRKY family, and a phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CgWRKY57 is closely related to OsWRKY47. CgWRKY57 was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves and floral organs of C. goeringii, and its expression level was highest in the roots according to real-time qPCR analysis. There were significant differences in CgWRKY57 expression under 4 °C, 42 °C ABA and water stress treatments, and its expression changed greatly under ABA stress. The expression of CgWRKY57 in transgenic plants was significantly higher than that in wild type plants under ABA stress, and the root length and germination rate were reduced in transgenic plants compared to wild type plants. Conclusions These results indicate that CgWRKY57 overexpression is responsive to ABA stress, and they provide a foundation for future analyses of the biological functions of the WRKY family in C. goeringii.

Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis are two rare vascular disorders of the liver and may be complicated by severe diseases like liver failure and portal hypertension. Studies have shown that factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is an important risk factor for both Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis in Western countries. However, FVL mutation is rarely observed in Chinese patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. The significance of FVL mutation in the pathogenesis of Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis is reviewed. It is suggested that prospective studies regarding the prevalence of FVL mutation in Chinese patients with portal vein thrombosis are warranted to judge the necessity of screening for FVL mutation.

Women during pregnancy or puerperium are likely to develop Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). However, the reported prevalence of pregnancy-related BCS varied considerably among studies. Our study aims to systematically review this issue. Overall, 817 papers were initially identified via the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal databases. Twenty of them were eligible. The prevalence of pregnancy-related BCS varied from 0% to 21.5%. The pooled prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI: 3.9–10.5%) in all BCS patients, 6.3% (95% CI: 3.8–9.4%) in primary BCS patients, and 13.1% (95% CI: 7.1–20.7%) in female BCS patients. Among them, one study was carried out in Africa with a prevalence of 10.6%; 14 studies in Asian countries with a pooled prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 3.1–12.6%); and 5 studies in European countries with a pooled prevalence of 5.0% (95% CI: 3.1–7.3%). The pooled prevalence was 6.7% (95% CI: 2.6–12.3%) in studies published before 2005 and 7.3% (95% CI: 4.2–12.5%) in those published after 2005. In conclusion, pregnancy is a relatively common risk factor for BCS, but there is a huge variation in the prevalence among studies. Physicians should be aware of pregnancy-related BCS.