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This paper explores tourism motivations for tourists with health conditions, with dementia as an example. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to develop and validate a 28-item outbound tourism motivational scale for individuals with mild dementia, including eight factors: bias-free equality quest, travel novelty-seeking, nostalgia and wellness exploration, personal competence showcase, relaxation and positivity, family bond enhancement, dementia cognitive and functional enrichment, and dementia-related behavioral and emotional symptom relief. Further investigations revealed that outbound tourism motivations among individuals with dementia significantly influence their attitudes and future intentions for such travel. Findings inform targeted tourism marketing and management strategies for vulnerable tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of "entropy increase" is a universal law describing a natural progression from order to disorder. This paper is innovatively the first to take the principle as a theoretical basis for assessing how tourism influences human health from a sociomateriality perspective. Despite a growing emphasis on the intersection of tourism and health, there remains a need for further theoretical development in this evolving field—particularly tourism's positive and negative impacts on physical, mental, and social health based on physiological measures. From an entropy point of view, positive travel experiences could help maintain a low-entropy state (i.e., bodily health) by influencing four key systems. Conversely, negative travel experiences could increase entropy and lead to health issues. An innovative conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate the nexus between tourism and health. This interdisciplinary investigation illustrates a transition in the research paradigm from "health tourism" to "health and tourism." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutraceutical restaurants providing medical and/or health benefits have become an emerging market; however, the underlying factors and the mechanism explaining dining behaviours in nutraceutical restaurants remain unknown. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach to bridge this research gap. An exploratory qualitative interview was conducted to identify the determinants of patronage behaviour at nutraceutical restaurants. We further conducted a quantitative study utilizing an extended value-attitude-behaviour model to provide quantitative evidence. The results showed that health, cultural values, and social norms significantly influenced customers' attitudes, thus leading to their revisit intentions. Furthermore, we found a significant role of social norms in determining nutraceutical consumption. Additionally, age was found to moderate the effects of health values and social norms on revisit intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has seen tourists from various source markets significantly impacted by non-communicable diseases, including mental disorders. Yet, research and practice frequently overlook tourists with mental disorders. Building on Buckley's discussion in the Journal of Travel Research about tourism and mental health, this study examines the travel eligibility of tourists diagnosed with four prevalent mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia, and dementia. We present preliminary recommendations for accommodating these tourists and highlight the urgent need for collaborative efforts between stakeholders in tourism, hospitality, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method has been developed for the determination of active components in Osmanthus fragrans fruits. In this work, reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with a C18 column and mobile phase of methanol/water were applied to effectively separate three phenylethanoid glycosides, including salidroside, neonuezhenide, and nuezhenide. The limits of detection of salidroside, neonuezhenide, and nuezhenide were 3.9, 25.4, and 24.2 ng/mL respectively. Then this method was applied to determine the contents in several batches of O. fragrans fruits extract, which were collected from Wuhan, Hefei, and Changsha. Meanwhile, the method was used for the detection of rat plasma administrated with O. fragrans fruits extract, which could be an alternative method applied to the field of pharmacokinetics study in future. The results implied that the developed method was economical, simple, convenient, and sensitive, which was appropriate for the determination of salidroside, neonuezhenide, and nuezhenide in O. fragrans fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. is an important ornamental flowering plant belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae. It is widely used in landscape designs in tropical and subtropical regions. In December 2020, severe disease-causing leaf spots were discovered on the leaves of B. spectabilis in the Modern Agricultural Park (110°19' E, 21°26' N) Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Field surveys revealed that the disease was widespread, with an incidence of 60-80%. Early symptoms on the leaves appeared as tiny leaf spots that later developed into concentric circles surrounded by a yellowish halo (Fig. 1). Diseased leaves with typical symptoms were collected for pathogen isolation. The leading edges of the lesions were excised, sanitized in 75% ethanol for 30 s and in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water (SDW). The diseased tissue was crushed in 1 mL SDW, soaked for 15 min, and then spread onto nutrient agar medium on a petri dish. Circular, bright yellow colonies with smooth margins were observed after 24 h of incubation at 28 °C. The isolate (SJM1) was a gram-negative bacillus with positive results for catalase, indole synthesis, maltose, and arbutin and negative results for sorbitol, lactose, salicin, and starch hydrolysis. The SJM1 genomic DNA was extracted using the TIANamp Bacterial DNA Kit, and partial 16S rDNA gene segments were amplified using the bacterial generic primers 27F and 1492R. The collated 16S rDNA gene sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank (MZ723935). BLAST analysis of the sequences revealed 99.38% identity with Pantoea stewartii (MG517424.1). Amplification using subspecies-specific primers galE (#562/564; Gehring et al. 2014), glmS (#356/341; Wensing et al. 2010), and pstC + pstS (#338/339; Wensing et al. 2010) revealed that the genes showed 99-100% identity with P. stewartii subsp. indologenes ( galE = 100%, MZ754494.1; glmS = 99.79%, MZ75496.1; and pstC + pstS = 99.89%, MZ754495.1). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method (MEGA X), with both the 16S rDNA sequence (Fig. 2 2A) and the concatenated 16S rDNA, galE , pstC + pstS , and glmS sequences (Fig.2 2B). The SJM1 isolate belonged to the same clade as P. stewartii subsp. indologenes and was 99% homologous to P. stewartii subsp. indologenes strain ZJ-FGZX1 (Fig. 2 2B; Ren et al. 2020). Pathogenicity tests were performed through prick wound inoculation. Sterile needles were used to create fresh wounds on healthy young leaves of one-year-old B. spectabilis plants. Wounds were inoculated with 20 μl bacterial suspension (1 × 10 8 CFU/ml) or SDW. Four leaves per plant and three plants per treatment were evaluated. The plants were incubated at 28 °C temperature and 80-90% relative humidity. After 4-7 days of inoculation, all plants inoculated with the bacterial suspension had spot symptoms with a halo, similar to those observed in the field. However, leaves inoculated with SDW alone did not show any symptoms. Furthermore, the colony morphology and 16S rDNA sequences of the strains isolated from the inoculated leaves were identical to those of the original isolates. These results verified Koch's postulates. Based on biochemical identification and sequencing analysis, the pathogen causing B. spectabilis leaf spot was identified as P. stewartii subsp. indologenes . Previous reports have shown that P. stewartii subsp. indologenes can cause diseases in Dracaena sanderiana , Cenchrus americanus , and Allium cepa (Zhang et al. 2020, Ashajyothi et al. 2021, Stumpf et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. stewartii subsp. indologenes causing B. spectabilis leaf spot disease in China.

Information on the chemical composition of Osmanthus fragrans fruits is still limited because there are many compounds present in low concentrations in the plant. In this work, the bioactive components in O. fragrans fruit extract were investigated by a new high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method, which allows sensitive analysis both in identification and quantitation. A total of 28 compounds were tentatively identified, and 16 components were discovered in O. fragrans fruits for the first time. The validated quantitative methods for the determination of the bioactive components were subsequently applied to analyze batches of O. fragrans fruits from different cultivars, which is beneficial for the comprehensive utilization of O. fragrans fruits.