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Background The occurrence of postoperative complications in lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) is closely related to malnutrition, and currently there is a lack of nutritional evaluation methods that can effectively, objectively, and comprehensively assess the nutritional status of LDD patients and predict the occurrence of postoperative complications. Objective To compare the predictive value of four nutritional evaluation methods of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) and High-sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (HS-mGPS) for postoperative complications in patients with LDD, so as to formulate a precise nutritional intervention plan and effectively prevent complications. Methods A total of 201 patients diagnosed with LDD and underwent open surgery in Spine Surgery Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects, four nutritional evaluation methods of PNI, CONUT, NPS and HS-mGPS were applied to assess the preoperative nutritional status of the patients, respectively, and occurrence of postoperative complications from postoperative period to hospital discharge were observed. The patients were divided into the complication group and non-complication group according to the occurrence of postoperative complications to analyze and compare the difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups; the optimal cut-off values of different nutritional evaluation methods were calculated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the prediction efficiency of different evaluation methods was compared, the area under curve (AUC) was compared by using MedCalc software. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different nutritional evaluation methods and postoperative complications. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 60 patients with an incidence rate of 29.8%. The comparison of clinical characteristics data showed statistically significant differences in age, gender, intraoperative bleeding, surgical segment, PNI, CONUT, and NPS scores between the complication group and non-complication group (P

Background and Aims: Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance play a central role in the progression of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and diet can modulate insulin response. We thus hypothesised that diet with higher insulinaemic potential is associated with an increased risk of these conditions. Methods: Two empirically dietary indices for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) and insulin resistance (EDIR) were derived to identify food groups most predictive of fasting concentrations of C‐peptide and insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance respectively. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were defined by controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography (TE). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression. Results: Of the 4171 participants with TE examination, 1436 (age‐standardised prevalence, 33.8%) were diagnosed with steatosis, 255 (5.6%) with advanced fibrosis and 101 (2.2%) with cirrhosis. The multivariable‐adjusted ORs for participants comparing the highest to the lowest EDIH tertile were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.99‐1.39, Ptrend =.005) for steatosis, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.24‐2.44, Ptrend =.001) for advanced fibrosis and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.21‐3.46, Ptrend =.004) for cirrhosis. Similar associations were observed for EDIR with ORs of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.11‐1.55, Ptrend <.001) for steatosis and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.03‐1.99, Ptrend =.006) for advance fibrosis. These positive associations remained among never drinkers and individuals who were free of hepatitis B and/or C. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance may partially underlie the influence of diet on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and highlight the importance of reducing or avoiding insulinaemic dietary pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of famine exposure during early life on dietary patterns, chronic diseases, and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases in adulthood.Design: Cross-sectional study. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Multivariate quantile regression and log-binomial regression were used to evaluate the impact of famine exposure on dietary patterns, chronic diseases and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases, respectively.Setting: Hefei, China.Participants: Adults aged 45-60 years (n 939).Results: 'Healthy', 'high-fat and high-salt', 'Western' and 'traditional Chinese' dietary patterns were identified. Early-childhood and mid-childhood famine exposure were remarkably correlated with high intake of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern. Compared with the non-exposed group (prevalence ratio (PR); 95 % CI), early-childhood (3·13; 1·43, 6·84) and mid-childhood (2·37; 1·05, 5·36) exposed groups showed an increased PR for diabetes, and the early-childhood (2·07; 1·01, 4·25) exposed group showed an increased PR for hypercholesterolaemia. Additionally, relative to the combination of non-exposed group and low-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern, the combination of famine exposure in early life and high-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern in adulthood had higher PR for diabetes (4·95; 1·66, 9·05) and hypercholesterolaemia (3·71; 1·73, 7·60), and significant additive interactions were observed.Conclusions: Having suffered the Chinese famine in childhood might affect an individual's dietary habits and health status, and the joint effect between famine and harmful dietary pattern could have serious consequences on later-life health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the association of maternal excessive gestational weight gain with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in maternal and cord serum.Methods and Study Design: We included 77 pairs of women and their newborns and classified them into three groups as follows: mothers with normal gestational weight gain and their babies with normal birth weight in group I (30 pairs), mothers with excessive gestational weight gain and their babies with normal birth weight in group II (30 pairs), and mothers with excessive gestational weight gain and their macrosomic babies in group III (17 pairs). Serum fatty acid concentrations were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: No remarkable difference in maternal dietary intake was observed among the three groups. C16:0, C18:0, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were significantly higher in group III mothers than in group I mothers. Compared with group I neonates, total saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were significantly lower but total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were significantly higher in group II neonates (p<0.05). The n-6: n-3 ratio in maternal and cord serum was approximately 10:1 and 1.5:1, respectively.Conclusion: Women with excessive gestational weight gain who deliver a macrocosmic neonate tend to have higher total saturated fatty acid concentrations but lower docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in their neonate cord serum. Fatty acid concentrations in maternal and cord serum are not associated with maternal dietary pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation in early life on blood glucose, insulin content, diabetes incidence, and histomorphology in pancreatic islet induced by streptozotocin., Methods: Three-week-old C57BL/6 mice were given either control diet (American Institute of Nutrition [AIN]-93G), or three different dose of vitamin D-supplemented diet. Nine weeks after dietary intervention, C57BL/6 mice were treated with streptozotocin i.p. for 5 consecutive days. After injection of STZ, The fasting blood glucose and diabetes incidence was tested once a week. The insulin content, histomorphology in pancreatic islets was conducted at the end of experiments., Results: (1) Vitamin D supplementation in early life can decrease the fasting blood glucose values induced by STZ, and the decreases effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant (P<0.01). (2) Vitamin D supplementation in early life can prevent diabetes incidence, and the decreases effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant, fully suppress the onset of diabetes about four weeks later after injected by STZ (P<0.01). (3) As compared to the control group, insulin content in medium and high dose vitamin D-supplemented groups were significantly up-regulated after injection of STZ (P<0.05), and the effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant. (4) The damage of pancreatic islets induced by STZ was clearly restored in medium and high dose vitamin D-supplemented groups, and effect of high dose vitamin D-supplemented group is the most significant., Conclusion: Oral vitamin D supplementation in early life can decrease the fasting blood glucose values, prevent diabetes incidence, up-regulate insulin content, restored the damage of pancreatic islets induced by STZ, and effects of high dose vitamin D-supplementde group are all the most significant.