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Motivation The data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) method is increasingly popular in the field of proteomics. But the loss of the correspondence between peptide ions and their spectra in DIA makes the identification challenging. One effective approach to reduce false positive identification is to calculate the deviation between the peptide's estimated retention time (RT) and measured RT. During this process, scaling the spectral library RT into the estimated RT, known as the RT calibration, is a prerequisite for calculating the deviation. Currently, within the DIA algorithm ecosystem, there is a lack of engine-independent and readily usable RT calibration toolkits. Results In this work, we introduce Calib-RT, a RT calibration method tailored to the characteristics of RT data. This method can achieve the nonlinear calibration across various data scales and tolerate a certain level of noise interference. Calib-RT is expected to enrich the open source DIA algorithm toolchain and assist in the development of DIA identification algorithms. Availability and implementation Calib-RT is released as an open source software under the MIT license and can be installed from PyPi as a python module. The source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/chenghui03/Calib_RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is an important component of plant fiber raw materials, and is a three-dimensional network structure aromatic polymer with abundant resources and a complex structure in nature. Lignin is generally used as industrial waste, and its potential value has not been fully utilized. Modern agriculture extensively uses chemical fertilizers, leading to the gradual degradation of soil fertility and structure, which seriously affects crop growth, nutrient transport, and root respiration function. Based on soil bulk density, porosity, aggregates, and their stability indicators, this study analyzed the effects of aminated industrial lignin and its loading with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil structure improvement and plant growth. It was hoped that resource-rich lignin could play a beneficial role in improving soil structure and promoting crop growth. The phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin was epoxidized and further aminated to load with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The results indicated that amine-modified lignin could effectively load with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-supported aminated lignin to soil aggregate structure improvement greatly reduced the bulk density of soil, and increased the porosity of soil and the content of large granular soil. Compared with unmodified soil, soil bulk density decreased by 73.08%, the porosity of soil increased by 70.43%, and the content of large granular soil increased by 56.38%. Using the improved soil for corn cultivation efficiently increased the biomass of corn. The plant height was increased by 72.16%, the root–shoot ratio was increased by 156.25%, and other indexes were also improved to varying degrees. The experimental method provides an important basis for the effective utilization of lignin materials in agriculture in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bimetallic structure is implemented by wire arc additive manufacturing from 316L austenitic stainless steel to 430 ferritic stainless steel. Microstructure, interface characteristics, and tensile properties of 316L‐430 bimetals are investigated. In 316L/430 bimetals, defects like porosity and cracks are not present. The compositional distribution and microstructure evolution of 316L‐430 bimetallic deposition are significantly impacted by the deposition sequence and heat input. As heat input increases, microstructure evolution of 430 deposited layer is single F → F+ diffusely distributed (Cr, Fe)23C6 → F+ grain internal (Cr, Fe)23C6 → F + M, and 316L deposited layer presents typical austenite + skeletal δ ferrite. Microstructure of 430 deposited layers presents heterogeneous, grain coarsening, and martensite along grain boundaries, resulting in high‐temperature embrittlement. The highest hardness of 316L‐430 bimetals appears on 430 sides near the interface. The tensile strength of 430/316L bimetals is greater than that of 316L/430, and the tensile specimens exhibit brittle fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing novel functional photocatalysts represents a promising approach to optimize the energy band structure and facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit notable advantages in photocatalysis due to the exceptional photoelectrochemical properties and elevated number of active surface atoms. However, an unsuitable band gap and limited carrier migration have inhibited their development in photocatalysis. Herein, we propose a novel in situ topological vulcanization strategy for optimizing the photocatalytic activity of ZnAl LDH-derived sulfides (ZnAlS x ). The subsequent etching process via a 1 M NaOH solution was introduced to construct the ZnS x photocatalysts. Then, the crystallinity of the crystals was enhanced by etching to further improve the catalytic activity and stability of ZnS x . The as-synthesized ZnS x shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (11.89 mmol/g/h) and tetracycline degradation efficiency (91.94%) under light illumination, and its hydrogen evolution efficiency is approximately 176 and 2 times greater than that of ZnAl LDH and ZnAlS x , respectively. The characterization and density functional theory (DFT) analysis confirmed that the surface electronic properties and energy band structure of ZnAl LDH were significantly optimized after experimental treatment, resulting in enhanced carrier separation and photooxidative reduction capacity. Combining in situ topological vulcanization and etching to realize the functional conversion of ZnAl LDH provides promising insights into the construction of high-performance, low-cost photocatalysts.