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1. STCF Conceptual Design Report: Volume 1 -- Physics & Detector

Author

Achasov, M., Ai, X. C., Aliberti, R., An, L. P., An, Q., Bai, X. Z., Bai, Y., Bakina, O., Barnyakov, A., Blinov, V., Bobrovnikov, V., Bodrov, D., Bogomyagkov, A., Bondar, A., Boyko, I., Bu, Z. H., Cai, F. M., Cai, H., Cao, J. J., Cao, Q. H., Cao, Z., Chang, Q., Chao, K. T., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H., Chen, H. X., Chen, J. F., Chen, K., Chen, L. L., Chen, P., Chen, S. L., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Chen, S. P., Chen, W., Chen, X. F., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, H. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, S., Dai, J. P., Dai, L. Y., Dai, X. C., Dedovich, D., Denig, A., Denisenko, I., Ding, D. Z., Dong, L. Y., Dong, W. H., Druzhinin, V., Du, D. S., Du, Y. J., Du, Z. G., Duan, L. M., Epifanov, D., Fan, Y. L., Fang, S. S., Fang, Z. J., Fedotovich, G., Feng, C. Q., Feng, X., Feng, Y. T., Fu, J. L., Gao, J., Ge, P. S., Geng, C. Q., Geng, L. S., Gilman, A., Gong, L., Gong, T., Gradl, W., Gu, J. L., Escalante, A. G., Gui, L. C., Guo, F. K., Guo, J. C., Guo, J., Guo, Y. P., Guo, Z. H., Guskov, A., Han, K. L., Han, L., Han, M., Hao, X. Q., He, J. B., He, S. Q., He, X. G., He, Y. L., He, Z. B., Heng, Z. X., Hou, B. L., Hou, T. J., Hou, Y. R., Hu, C. Y., Hu, H. M., Hu, K., Hu, R. J., Hu, X. H., Hu, Y. C., Hua, J., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, M., Huang, Q. Y., Huang, W. Q., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. J., Huang, Y. B., Huang, Y. S., Hüsken, N., Ivanov, V., Ji, Q. P., Jia, J. J., Jia, S., Jia, Z. K., Jiang, H. B., Jiang, J., Jiang, S. Z., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jing, H. J., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Ke, B. C., Kenzie, M., Khoukaz, A., Koop, I., Kravchenko, E., Kuzmin, A., Lei, Y., Levichev, E., Li, C. H., Li, C., Li, D. Y., Li, F., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H., Li, H. N., Li, H. J., Li, H. L., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, L., Li, L. Y., Li, N., Li, P. R., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, T., Li, W. J., Li, X. H., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, Z. J., Liang, H., Liang, J. H., Liao, G. R., Liao, L. Z., Liao, Y., Lin, C. X., Lin, X. S., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. W., Liu, D., Liu, F., Liu, G. M., Liu, H. B., Liu, J., Liu, J. J., Liu, J. B., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Y. W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. L., Liu, Z. Q., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, Z. W., Logashenko, I., Long, Y., Lu, C. G., Lu, N., Lü, Q. F., Lu, Y., Lv, Z., Lukin, P., Luo, F. J., Luo, T., Luo, X. F., Lyu, H. J., Lyu, X. R., Ma, J. P., Ma, P., Ma, Y., Maas, F., Malde, S., Matvienko, D., Meng, Z. X., Mitchell, R., Dias, J. M., Nefediev, A., Nefedov, Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pan, X., Pan, Y., Passemar, E., Pei, Y. P., Peng, H. P., Peng, L., Peng, X. Y., Peng, X. J., Peters, K., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Qi, B. B., Qi, Y. Q., Qian, W. B., Qian, Y., Qiao, C. F., Qin, J. J., Qin, L. Q., Qin, X. S., Qiu, T. L., Rademacker, J., Redmer, C. F., Sang, H. Y., Saur, M., Shan, W., Shan, X. Y., Shang, L. L., Shao, M., Shekhtman, L., Shen, C. P., Shen, J. M., Shen, Z. T., Shi, H. C., Shi, X. D., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, Y., Song, Y. X., Sukharev, A., Sun, J. F., Sun, L., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Z. P., Tang, J., Tang, S. S., Tang, Z. B., Tian, C. H., Tian, J. S., Tikhonov, Y., Todyshev, K., Uglov, T., Vorobyev, V., Wan, B. D., Wang, B. L., Wang, B., Wang, D. Y., Wang, G. Y., Wang, G. L., Wang, H. L., Wang, J., Wang, J. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, M. L., Wang, R., Wang, S. B., Wang, W., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. C., Wang, X. D., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Y. L., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z. L., Wang, Z. G., Wei, D. H., Wei, X. L., Wei, X. M., Wen, Q. G., Wen, X. J., Wilkinson, G., Wu, B., Wu, J. J., Wu, L., Wu, P. W., Wu, T. W., Wu, Y. S., Xia, L., Xiang, T., Xiao, C. W., Xiao, D., Xiao, M., Xie, Y. H., Xing, Y., Xing, Z. Z., Xiong, X. N., Xu, F. R., Xu, J., Xu, L. L., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. C., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. C., Xu, Y. P., Xu, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Xuan, D. W., Xue, F. F., Yan, L., Yan, M. J., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, X. S., Yang, B. F., Yang, C., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. R., Yang, H. T., Yang, J. F., Yang, S. L., Yang, Y. D., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. S., Yang, Y. L., Yang, Z. Y., Yao, D. L., Yin, H., Yin, X. H., Yokozaki, N., You, S. Y., You, Z. Y., Yu, C. X., Yu, F. S., Yu, G. L., Yu, H. L., Yu, J. S., Yu, J. Q., Yuan, L., Yuan, X. B., Yue, Y. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, S., Zhang, A. L., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, G. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, H. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. G., Zhao, R. P., Zhao, Z. G., Zhao, Z. X., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, L., Zheng, Q. B., Zheng, R., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, X. H., Zhou, H. J., Zhou, H. Q., Zhou, H., Zhou, S. H., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, Y. L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhu, J. Y., Zhu, K., Zhu, R. D., Zhu, R. L., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Z. A., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zou, B. S., and Zuo, Y. B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Super $\tau$-Charm facility (STCF) is an electron-positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community. It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of $0.5\times 10^{35}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$ or higher. The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that by the present $\tau$-Charm factory -- the BEPCII, providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter (charge-parity violation), in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions, as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model. The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R\&D program. This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF, describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system, and discusses future plans for detector R\&D and physics case studies.

Published
2023
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2. STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

Author

Achasov, M., Ai, X. C., An, L. P., Aliberti, R., An, Q., Bai, X. Z., Bai, Y., Bakina, O., Barnyakov, A., Blinov, V., Bobrovnikov, V., Bodrov, D., Bogomyagkov, A., Bondar, A., Boyko, I., Bu, Z. H., Cai, F. M., Cai, H., Cao, J. J., Cao, Q. H., Cao, X., Cao, Z., Chang, Q., Chao, K. T., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H., Chen, H. X., Chen, J. F., Chen, K., Chen, L. L., Chen, P., Chen, S. L., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Chen, S. P., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, X. F., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, H. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, S., Cheng, T. G., Dai, J. P., Dai, L. Y., Dai, X. C., Dedovich, D., Denig, A., Denisenko, I., Dias, J. M., Ding, D. Z., Dong, L. Y., Dong, W. H., Druzhinin, V., Du, D. S., Du, Y. J., Du, Z. G., Duan, L. M., Epifanov, D., Fan, Y. L., Fang, S. S., Fang, Z. J., Fedotovich, G., Feng, C. Q., Feng, X., Feng, Y. T., Fu, J. L., Gao, J., Gao, Y. N., Ge, P. S., Geng, C. Q., Geng, L. S., Gilman, A., Gong, L., Gong, T., Gou, B., Gradl, W., Gu, J. L., Guevara, A., Gui, L. C., Guo, A. Q., Guo, F. K., Guo, J. C., Guo, J., Guo, Y. P., Guo, Z. H., Guskov, A., Han, K. L., Han, L., Han, M., Hao, X. Q., He, J. B., He, S. Q., He, X. G., He, Y. L., He, Z. B., Heng, Z. X., Hou, B. L., Hou, T. J., Hou, Y. R., Hu, C. Y., Hu, H. M., Hu, K., Hu, R. J., Hu, W. H., Hu, X. H., Hu, Y. C., Hua, J., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, M., Huang, Q. Y., Huang, W. Q., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. J., Huang, Y. B., Huang, Y. S., Hüsken, N., Ivanov, V., Ji, Q. P., Jia, J. J., Jia, S., Jia, Z. K., Jiang, H. B., Jiang, J., Jiang, S. Z., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jing, H. J., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Ke, B. C., Kenzie, M., Khoukaz, A., Koop, I., Kravchenko, E., Kuzmin, A., Lei, Y., Levichev, E., Li, C. H., Li, C., Li, D. Y., Li, F., Li, G., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H., Li, H. N., Li, H. J., Li, H. L., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, L., Li, L., Li, L. Y., Li, N., Li, P. R., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, T., Li, W. J., Li, X., Li, X. H., Li, X. Q., Li, X. H., Li, Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, Z. J., Liang, H., Liang, J. H., Liang, Y. T., Liao, G. R., Liao, L. Z., Liao, Y., Lin, C. X., Lin, D. X., Lin, X. S., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. W., Liu, D., Liu, F., Liu, G. M., Liu, H. B., Liu, J., Liu, J. J., Liu, J. B., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, K., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Y. W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. L., Liu, Z. Q., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, Z. W., Logashenko, I., Long, Y., Lu, C. G., Lu, J. X., Lu, N., Lü, Q. F., Lu, Y., Lu, Y., Lu, Z., Lukin, P., Luo, F. J., Luo, T., Luo, X. F., Lyu, H. J., Lyu, X. R., Ma, J. P., Ma, P., Ma, Y., Ma, Y. M., Maas, F., Malde, S., Matvienko, D., Meng, Z. X., Mitchell, R., Nefediev, A., Nefedov, Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pan, X., Pan, Y., Passemar, E., Pei, Y. P., Peng, H. P., Peng, L., Peng, X. Y., Peng, X. J., Peters, K., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Qi, B. B., Qi, Y. Q., Qian, W. B., Qian, Y., Qiao, C. F., Qin, J. J., Qin, J. J., Qin, L. Q., Qin, X. S., Qiu, T. L., Rademacker, J., Redmer, C. F., Sang, H. Y., Saur, M., Shan, W., Shan, X. Y., Shang, L. L., Shao, M., Shekhtman, L., Shen, C. P., Shen, J. M., Shen, Z. T., Shi, H. C., Shi, X. D., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, Y., Song, Y. X., Sukharev, A., Sun, J. F., Sun, L., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Z. P., Tang, J., Tang, S. S., Tang, Z. B., Tian, C. H., Tian, J. S., Tian, Y., Tikhonov, Y., Todyshev, K., Uglov, T., Vorobyev, V., Wan, B. D., Wang, B. L., Wang, B., Wang, D. Y., Wang, G. Y., Wang, G. L., Wang, H. L., Wang, J., Wang, J. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, M. L., Wang, R., Wang, R., Wang, S. B., Wang, W., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. C., Wang, X. D., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Y. L., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z. L., Wang, Z. G., Wei, D. H., Wei, X. L., Wei, X. M., Wen, Q. G., Wen, X. J., Wilkinson, G., Wu, B., Wu, J. J., Wu, L., Wu, P., Wu, T. W., Wu, Y. S., Xia, L., Xiang, T., Xiao, C. W., Xiao, D., Xiao, M., Xie, K. P., Xie, Y. H., Xing, Y., Xing, Z. Z., Xiong, X. N., Xu, F. R., Xu, J., Xu, L. L., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. C., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. C., Xu, Y. P., Xu, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Xuan, D. W., Xue, F. F., Yan, L., Yan, M. J., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, X. S., Yang, B. F., Yang, C., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. R., Yang, H. T., Yang, J. F., Yang, S. L., Yang, Y. D., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. S., Yang, Y. L., Yang, Z. W., Yang, Z. Y., Yao, D. L., Yin, H., Yin, X. H., Yokozaki, N., You, S. Y., You, Z. Y., Yu, C. X., Yu, F. S., Yu, G. L., Yu, H. L., Yu, J. S., Yu, J. Q., Yuan, L., Yuan, X. B., Yuan, Z. Y., Yue, Y. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, S., Zhang, A. L., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, G. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, H. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Q. A., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. J., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. G., Zhao, R. P., Zhao, Y. X., Zhao, Z. G., Zhao, Z. X., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, L., Zheng, Q. B., Zheng, R., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, X. H., Zhou, H. J., Zhou, H. Q., Zhou, H., Zhou, S. H., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. P., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, Y. L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhu, J. Y., Zhu, K., Zhu, R. D., Zhu, R. L., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Z. A., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zou, B. S., and Zuo, Y. B.

Published
2024
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7. Spin-based single-photon transistor, dynamic random access memory, diodes and routers in semiconductors

Author

Hu, C. Y.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The realization of quantum computers and quantum Internet requires not only quantum gates and quantum memories, but also transistors at single-photon levels to control the flow of information encoded on single photons. Single-photon transistor (SPT) is an optical transistor in the quantum limit, which uses a single photon to open or block a photonic channel. In sharp contrast to all previous SPT proposals which are based on single-photon nonlinearities, here I present a novel design for a high-gain and high-speed (up to THz) SPT based on a linear optical effect - giant circular birefringence (GCB) induced by a single spin in a double-sided optical microcavity. A gate photon sets the spin state via projective measurement and controls the light propagation in the optical channel. This spin-cavity transistor can be directly configured as diodes, routers, DRAM units, switches, modulators, etc. Due to the duality as quantum gate and transistor, the spin-cavity unit provides a solid-state platform ideal for future Internet - a mixture of all-optical Internet with quantum Internet.

Published
2017
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8. Series of broad resonances in atomic three-body systems

Author

Diaz, D., Papp, Z., and Hu, C. -Y.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

We re-examine the series of resonances found earlier in atomic three-body systems by solving the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations. These resonances are rather broad and line-up at each threshold with gradually increasing gaps, the same way for all thresholds and irrespective of the spatial symmetry. We relate these resonances to the Gailitis mechanism, which is a consequence of the polarization potential., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0810.3036

Published
2016

10. High RA Dual-MTJ SOT-MRAM devices for High Speed (10ns) Compute-in-Memory Applications

Author

Song, M. Y., primary, Chen, K. L., additional, Chen, K. M., additional, Chang, K. T., additional, Wang, I. J., additional, Hsin, Y. C., additional, Lin, C. Y., additional, Ambrosi, E., additional, Khwa, Win-San, additional, Lu, Y. L., additional, Hu, C. Y., additional, Yang, S. Y., additional, Li, S. H., additional, Wei, J. H., additional, Lee, T. Y., additional, Wang, Y. J., additional, Chang, M. F., additional, Pai, C. F., additional, and Bao, X. Y., additional

Published
2023
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11. STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

Author

Achasov, M., primary, Ai, X. C., additional, An, L. P., additional, Aliberti, R., additional, An, Q., additional, Bai, X. Z., additional, Bai, Y., additional, Bakina, O., additional, Barnyakov, A., additional, Blinov, V., additional, Bobrovnikov, V., additional, Bodrov, D., additional, Bogomyagkov, A., additional, Bondar, A., additional, Boyko, I., additional, Bu, Z. H., additional, Cai, F. M., additional, Cai, H., additional, Cao, J. J., additional, Cao, Q. H., additional, Cao, X., additional, Cao, Z., additional, Chang, Q., additional, Chao, K. T., additional, Chen, D. Y., additional, Chen, H., additional, Chen, H. X., additional, Chen, J. F., additional, Chen, K., additional, Chen, L. L., additional, Chen, P., additional, Chen, S. L., additional, Chen, S. M., additional, Chen, S., additional, Chen, S. P., additional, Chen, W., additional, Chen, X., additional, Chen, X. F., additional, Chen, X. R., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Chen, Y. Q., additional, Cheng, H. Y., additional, Cheng, J., additional, Cheng, S., additional, Cheng, T. G., additional, Dai, J. P., additional, Dai, L. Y., additional, Dai, X. C., additional, Dedovich, D., additional, Denig, A., additional, Denisenko, I., additional, Dias, J. M., additional, Ding, D. Z., additional, Dong, L. Y., additional, Dong, W. H., additional, Druzhinin, V., additional, Du, D. S., additional, Du, Y. J., additional, Du, Z. G., additional, Duan, L. M., additional, Epifanov, D., additional, Fan, Y. L., additional, Fang, S. S., additional, Fang, Z. J., additional, Fedotovich, G., additional, Feng, C. Q., additional, Feng, X., additional, Feng, Y. T., additional, Fu, J. L., additional, Gao, J., additional, Gao, Y. N., additional, Ge, P. S., additional, Geng, C. Q., additional, Geng, L. S., additional, Gilman, A., additional, Gong, L., additional, Gong, T., additional, Gou, B., additional, Gradl, W., additional, Gu, J. L., additional, Guevara, A., additional, Gui, L. C., additional, Guo, A. Q., additional, Guo, F. K., additional, Guo, J. C., additional, Guo, J., additional, Guo, Y. P., additional, Guo, Z. H., additional, Guskov, A., additional, Han, K. L., additional, Han, L., additional, Han, M., additional, Hao, X. Q., additional, He, J. B., additional, He, S. Q., additional, He, X. G., additional, He, Y. L., additional, He, Z. B., additional, Heng, Z. X., additional, Hou, B. L., additional, Hou, T. J., additional, Hou, Y. R., additional, Hu, C. Y., additional, Hu, H. M., additional, Hu, K., additional, Hu, R. J., additional, Hu, W. H., additional, Hu, X. H., additional, Hu, Y. C., additional, Hua, J., additional, Huang, G. S., additional, Huang, J. S., additional, Huang, M., additional, Huang, Q. Y., additional, Huang, W. Q., additional, Huang, X. T., additional, Huang, X. J., additional, Huang, Y. B., additional, Huang, Y. S., additional, Hüsken, N., additional, Ivanov, V., additional, Ji, Q. P., additional, Jia, J. J., additional, Jia, S., additional, Jia, Z. K., additional, Jiang, H. B., additional, Jiang, J., additional, Jiang, S. Z., additional, Jiao, J. B., additional, Jiao, Z., additional, Jing, H. J., additional, Kang, X. L., additional, Kang, X. S., additional, Ke, B. C., additional, Kenzie, M., additional, Khoukaz, A., additional, Koop, I., additional, Kravchenko, E., additional, Kuzmin, A., additional, Lei, Y., additional, Levichev, E., additional, Li, C. H., additional, Li, C., additional, Li, D. Y., additional, Li, F., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, H. B., additional, Li, H., additional, Li, H. N., additional, Li, H. J., additional, Li, H. L., additional, Li, J. M., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, L., additional, Li, L. Y., additional, Li, N., additional, Li, P. R., additional, Li, R. H., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, T., additional, Li, W. J., additional, Li, X., additional, Li, X. H., additional, Li, X. Q., additional, Li, Y., additional, Li, Y. Y., additional, Li, Z. J., additional, Liang, H., additional, Liang, J. H., additional, Liang, Y. T., additional, Liao, G. R., additional, Liao, L. Z., additional, Liao, Y., additional, Lin, C. X., additional, Lin, D. X., additional, Lin, X. S., additional, Liu, B. J., additional, Liu, C. W., additional, Liu, D., additional, Liu, F., additional, Liu, G. M., additional, Liu, H. B., additional, Liu, J., additional, Liu, J. J., additional, Liu, J. B., additional, Liu, K., additional, Liu, K. Y., additional, Liu, L., additional, Liu, Q., additional, Liu, S. B., additional, Liu, T., additional, Liu, X., additional, Liu, Y. W., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Liu, Y. L., additional, Liu, Z. Q., additional, Liu, Z. Y., additional, Liu, Z. W., additional, Logashenko, I., additional, Long, Y., additional, Lu, C. G., additional, Lu, J. X., additional, Lu, N., additional, Lü, Q. F., additional, Lu, Y., additional, Lu, Z., additional, Lukin, P., additional, Luo, F. J., additional, Luo, T., additional, Luo, X. F., additional, Lyu, H. J., additional, Lyu, X. R., additional, Ma, J. P., additional, Ma, P., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Ma, Y. M., additional, Maas, F., additional, Malde, S., additional, Matvienko, D., additional, Meng, Z. X., additional, Mitchell, R., additional, Nefediev, A., additional, Nefedov, Y., additional, Olsen, S. L., additional, Ouyang, Q., additional, Pakhlov, P., additional, Pakhlova, G., additional, Pan, X., additional, Pan, Y., additional, Passemar, E., additional, Pei, Y. P., additional, Peng, H. P., additional, Peng, L., additional, Peng, X. Y., additional, Peng, X. J., additional, Peters, K., additional, Pivovarov, S., additional, Pyata, E., additional, Qi, B. B., additional, Qi, Y. Q., additional, Qian, W. B., additional, Qian, Y., additional, Qiao, C. F., additional, Qin, J. J., additional, Qin, L. Q., additional, Qin, X. S., additional, Qiu, T. L., additional, Rademacker, J., additional, Redmer, C. F., additional, Sang, H. 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Published
2023
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12. Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

Author

Hu, C. Y. and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Giant optical Faraday rotation (GFR) and giant optical circular birefringence (GCB) induced by a single quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity can be regarded as linear effects in the weak-excitation approximation if the input field lies in the low-power limit [Hu et al, Phys.Rev. B {\bf 78}, 085307(2008) and ibid {\bf 80}, 205326(2009)]. In this work, we investigate the transition from the weak-excitation approximation moving into the saturation regime comparing a semiclassical approximation with the numerical results from a quantum optics toolbox [S.M. Tan, J. Opt. B {\bf 1}, 424 (1999)]. We find that the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance in the strong coupling regime are input-field independent at intermediate powers and can be well described by the semiclassical approximation. Those associated with the dressed state resonances in the strong coupling regime or merging with the cavity resonance in the Purcell regime are sensitive to input field at intermediate powers, and cannot be well described by the semiclassical approximation due to the quantum dot saturation. As the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance are relatively immune to the saturation effects, the rapid read out of single electron spins can be carried out with coherent state and other statistically fluctuating light fields. This also shows that high speed quantum entangling gates, robust against input power variations, can be built exploiting these linear effects., Comment: Section IV has been added to show the linear GFR/GCB is not affected by high-order dressed state resonances in reflection/transmission spectra. 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2014
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13. Quantum enhanced metrology in the presence of arbitrary loss

Author

Rarity, J. G., Bell, B., Young, A. B., and Hu, C. Y.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We introduce the concept of entanglement enhanced interferometry from the viewpoint of the detected photons. The standard quantum limit is achieved when sequentially detected photons are assumed to be in an uncorrelated product state. However when we access the correlations between the detected photons that existed before the interferometer it becomes clear that entanglement enhanced measurement beyond the quantum limit could be achieved independent of loss. We describe possible realisations of this post-measurement entanglement detection using a small array of spin photon entangling gates. We then describe a proof of principle experiment using only linear optics resources., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to some crucial errors

Published
2013

14. Generating entanglement with low Q-factor microcavities

Author

Young, A. B., Hu, C. Y., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose a method of generating entanglement using single photons and electron spins in the regime of resonance scattering. The technique involves matching the spontaneous emission rate of the spin dipole transition in bulk dielectric to the modified rate of spontaneous emission of the dipole coupled to the fundamental mode of an optical microcavity. We call this regime resonance scattering where interference between the input photons and those scattered by the resonantly coupled dipole transition result in a reflectivity of zero. The contrast between this and the unit reflectivity when the cavity is empty allow us to perform a non demolition measurement of the spin and to non deterministically generate entanglement between photons and spins. The chief advantage of working in the regime of resonance scattering is that the required cavity quality factors are orders of magnitude lower than is required for strong coupling, or Purcell enhancement. This makes engineering a suitable cavity much easier particularly in materials such as diamond where etching high quality factor cavities remains a significant challenge.

Published
2012
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15. Conditional phase shift from a quantum dot in a pillar microcavity

Author

Young, A. B., Oulton, R., Hu, C. Y., Thijssen, A. C. T., Schneider, C., Reitzenstein, S., Kamp, M., Hoefling, S., Worschech, L., Forchel, A., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Large conditional phase shifts from coupled atom-cavity systems are a key requirement for building a spin photon interface. This in turn would allow the realisation of hybrid quantum information schemes using spin and photonic qubits. Here we perform high resolution reflection spectroscopy of a quantum dot resonantly coupled to a pillar microcavity. We show both the change in reflectivity as the quantum dot is tuned through the cavity resonance, and measure the conditional phase shift induced by the quantum dot using an ultra stable interferometer. These techniques could be extended to the study of charged quantum dots, where it would be possible to realise a spin photon interface.

Published
2010
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16. Loss-resistant state teleportation and entanglement swapping using a quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity

Author

Hu, C. Y. and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present a scheme for efficient state teleportation and entanglement swapping using a single quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity based on giant circular birefringence. State teleportation or entanglement swapping is heralded by the sequential detection of two photons, and is finished after the spin measurement. The spin-cavity unit works as a complete Bell-state analyzer with a built-in spin memory allowing loss-resistant repeater operation. This device can work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regime, but high efficiencies and high fidelities are only achievable when the side leakage and cavity loss is low. We assess the feasibility of this device, and show it can be implemented with current technology. We also propose a spin manipulation method using single photons, which could be used to preserve the spin coherence via spin echo techniques., Comment: The manuscript is extended, including BSA fidelity, efficiency, and a compatible scheme for spin manipulations and spin echoes to prolong the spin coherence

Published
2010
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17. Quantum Memories. A Review based on the European Integrated Project 'Qubit Applications (QAP)'

Author

Simon, C., Afzelius, M., Appel, J., de la Giroday, A. Boyer, Dewhurst, S. J., Gisin, N., Hu, C. Y., Jelezko, F., Kroll, S., Muller, J. H., Nunn, J., Polzik, E., Rarity, J., de Riedmatten, H., Rosenfeld, W., Shields, A. J., Skold, N., Stevenson, R. M., Thew, R., Walmsley, I., Weber, M., Weinfurter, H., Wrachtrup, J., and Young, R. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We perform a review of various approaches to the implementation of quantum memories, with an emphasis on activities within the quantum memory sub-project of the EU Integrated Project "Qubit Applications". We begin with a brief overview over different applications for quantum memories and different types of quantum memories. We discuss the most important criteria for assessing quantum memory performance and the most important physical requirements. Then we review the different approaches represented in "Qubit Applications" in some detail. They include solid-state atomic ensembles, NV centers, quantum dots, single atoms, atomic gases and optical phonons in diamond. We compare the different approaches using the discussed criteria., Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures

Published
2010
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18. The entanglement beam splitter: a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity

Author

Hu, C. Y., Munro, W. J., O'Brien, J. L., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose an entanglement beam splitter (EBS) using a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity. In contrast to the conventional optical beam splitter, the EBS can directly split a photon-spin product state into two constituent entangled states via transmission and reflection with high fidelity and high efficiency (up to 100 percent). This device is based on giant optical circular birefringence induced by a single spin as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics and the spin selection rule of trion transition (Pauli blocking). The EBS is robust and it is immune to the fine structure splitting in a realistic quantum dot. This quantum device can be used for deterministically creating photon-spin, photon-photon and spin-spin entanglement as well as a single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of a single spin. Therefore, the EBS can find wide applications in quantum information science and technology., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2009
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19. Robust photon-spin entangling gate using a quantum-dot spin in a microcavity

Author

Hu, C. Y., Munro, W. J., O'Brien, J. L., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots (known as artificial atoms) hold great promise for solid-state quantum networks and quantum computers. To realize a quantum network, it is crucial to achieve light-matter entanglement and coherent quantum-state transfer between light and matter. Here we present a robust photon-spin entangling gate with high fidelity and high efficiency (up to 50 percent) using a charged quantum dot in a double-sided microcavity. This gate is based on giant circular birefringence induced by a single electron spin, and functions as an optical circular polariser which allows only one circularly-polarized component of light to be transmitted depending on the electron spin states. We show this gate can be used for single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of a single electron spin, and can work as an entanglement filter to make a photon-spin entangler, spin entangler and photon entangler as well as a photon-spin quantum interface. This work allows us to make all building blocks for solid-state quantum networks with single photons and quantum-dot spins., Comment: 8pages, 5 figures

Published
2009

20. Cavity Enhanced Spin Measurement of an NV Centre in Diamond

Author

Young, A., Hu, C. Y., Marseglia, L., Harrison, J. P., O'Brien, J. L., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose a high efficiency high fidelity measurement of the ground state spin of a single NV center in diamond, using the effects of cavity quantum electrodynamics. The scheme we propose is based in the one dimensional atom or Purcell regime, removing the need for high Q cavities that are challenging to fabricate. The ground state of the NV center consists of three spin levels $^{3}A_{(m=0)}$ and $^{3}A_{(m=\pm1)}$ (the $\pm1$ states are near degenerate in zero field). These two states can undergo transitions to the excited ($^{3}E$) state, with an energy difference of $\approx7-10$ $\mu$eV between the two. By choosing the correct Q factor, this small detuning between the two transitions results in a dramatic change in the intensity of reflected light. We show the change in reflected intensity can allow us to read out the ground state spin using a low intensity laser with an error rate of $\approx5.5\times10^{-3}$, when realistic cavity and experimental parameters are considered. Since very low levels of light are used to probe the state of the spin we limit the number of florescence cycles, thereby limiting the non spin preserving transitions through the intermediate singlet state $^{1}A$.

Published
2008
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22. Entangling photons using a charged quantum dot in a microcavity

Author

Hu, C. Y., Munro, W. J., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present two novel schemes to generate photon polarization entanglement via single electron spins confined in charged quantum dots inside microcavities. One scheme is via entangled remote electron spins followed by negatively-charged exciton emissions, and another scheme is via a single electron spin followed by the spin state measurement. Both schemes are based on giant circular birefringence and giant Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a microcavity. Our schemes are deterministic and can generate an arbitrary amount of multi-photon entanglement. Following similar procedures, a scheme for a photon-spin quantum interface is proposed., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2007
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23. Giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a quantum dot: Applications to entangling remote spins via a single photon

Author

Hu, C. Y., Young, A., O'Brien, J. L., and Rarity, J. G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We propose a quantum non-demolition method - giant Faraday rotation - to detect a single electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where negatively-charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left- and right-circularly polarized light reflected from the cavity feels different phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation which can be easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a scalable scheme to create an arbitrary amount of entanglement between two or more remote spins via a single photon is proposed., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2007
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24. Multichannel Formalism for Positron-Hydrogen Scattering and Annihilation

Author

Yakovlev, S L, Hu, C-Y, and Caballero, D

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

A problem to account for the direct electron-positron annihilation in positron-hydrogen scattering above the positronium formation threshold has been resolved within the time independent formalism. The generalization of the optical theorem is derived for the case when an absorption potential is present in the Hamiltonian. With this theorem the annihilation cross section is fully determined by scattering amplitudes. This allows us to separate out analytically the contribution of the positronium formation from the overall annihilation cross section. The rest is determined as the direct annihilation cross section. It is done uniformly below as well as above the positronium formation threshold. The multichannel three-body theory for scattering states in the presence of an imaginary absorption potential is developed in order to compute the direct $e^+ e^-$ annihilation amplitude. Special attention has been paid to an accurate definition of the coordinate part of the absorption potential as the properly constructed zero-range potential, which corresponds to the delta-function originated from the first order perturbation theory. The calculated direct annihilation cross section below the positronium formation threshold is in good agreement with results of other authors. The direct annihilation cross section computed with the formalism of the paper shows nonsingular behavior at the positronium formation threshold and is in good agreement with existing data. A number of $e^+ e^-$ direct annihilation cross sections and positronium formation cross sections in the energy gap between Ps$(1s)$ and H$(n=2)$ thresholds are reported. A sharp increase in the calculated direct annihilation cross section across the resonant energy is found for all first S and P-wave Feshbach resonances.

Published
2006
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25. Positron annihilation in $e^+ -$H collision above the Positronium formation threshold

Author

Yakovlev, S. L. and Hu, C-. Y.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

A long-standing problem to account for the electron-positron annihilation in positron Hydrogen scattering above the Positronium formation threshold has been resolved by the use of the three-body Faddeev formalism. The multichannel three-body theory for scattering states in presence of a complex absorbing potential is developed in order to compute the direct $e^+ e^-$ annihilation amplitude, the amplitude of Positronium formation and respective cross sections. A number of $e^+ e^-$ direct annihilation cross sections and Positronium formation cross sections in the energy gap between Ps$(1s)$ and H$(n=2)$ thresholds are reported for both the positron-Hydrogen incoming channel as well as the proton-Positronium incoming channel., Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX

Published
2005

26. $e^+ + H$ direct annihilation above the positronium formation threshold

Author

Hu, C-. Y., Caballero, D., Forrester, A., and Papp, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

A long-standing problem with the solution of the Schr\"odinger equation has been its inability to account for the electron-positron annihilation in positron hydrogen scattering above the positronium formation threshold. This letter shows that this problem has been resolved by the use of the modified Faddeev equations. A number of $e^- e^+$ annihilation cross sections in the energy gap between $Ps(1s)$ and $H(n=2)$ thresholds are reported for both the positron plus hydrogen incoming channel as well as the proton plus positronium incoming channel. However the indirect annihilation cross sections after formation of the positronium themselves are well known, they will not be included in this report., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figures

Published
2004

27. Accumulation of three-body resonances above two-body thresholds

Author

Papp, Z., Darai, J., Mezei, J. Zs., Hlousek, Z. T., and Hu, C-. Y.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We calculate resonances in three-body systems with attractive Coulomb potentials by solving the homogeneous Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for complex energies. The equations are solved by using the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion approach. This approach provides an exact treatment of the threshold behavior of the three-body Coulombic systems. We considered the negative positronium ion and, besides locating all the previously know $S$-wave resonances, we found a whole bunch of new resonances accumulated just slightly above the two-body thresholds. The way they accumulate indicates that probably there are infinitely many resonances just above the two-body thresholds, and this might be a general property of three-body systems with attractive Coulomb potentials., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2004
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28. Links between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate during the 8,200 year event

Author

Liu, Y-H, Henderson, GM, Hu, C-Y, Mason, AJ, Charnley, N, Johnson, KR, and Xie, S-C

Subjects
Climate Action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

An abrupt cooling event in the North Atlantic region 8,200 years ago affected climate throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The event is well constrained in Greenland ice cores, but lack of resolution in records from other regions has challenged our understanding of the timing and nature of the associated teleconnections. Speleothem records from East Asia have suggested monsoonal changes associated with the 8,200 year event, but the nature of these changes remains controversial. Here we assess changes in East Asian precipitation during the event from a sub-annually resolved stalagmite record from central China. Using δ 18 O and Mg/Ca measurements of the speleothem carbonate, we show that climate dried significantly about 8,200 years ago. Based on our annual-layer-counted chronology, we show that the dry event lasted 150 years, with a central period of pronounced aridity that lasted 70 years. The duration and evolution of the event is indistinguishable from that observed in the Greenland ice cores. We therefore conclude that an effective and rapid atmospheric teleconnection exists between the North Atlantic and the monsoon system in warm climates similar to today's. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

29. Faddeev-Merkuriev equations for resonances in three-body Coulombic systems

Author

Papp, Z., Darai, J., Nishimura, A., Hlousek, Z. T., Hu, C. -Y., and Yakovlev, S. L.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We reconsider the homogeneous Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for three-body Coulombic systems with attractive Coulomb interactions and point out that the resonant solutions are contaminated with spurious resonances. The spurious solutions are related to the splitting of the attractive Coulomb potential into short- and long-range parts, which is inherent in the approach, but arbitrary to some extent. By varying the parameters of the splitting the spurious solutions can easily be ruled out. We solve the integral equations by using the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion approach. This solution method provides an exact description of the threshold phenomena. We have found several new S-wave resonances in the e- e+ e- system in the vicinity of thresholds., Comment: LaTeX with elsart.sty 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2002
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30. Electron-hydrogen scattering in Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equation approach

Author

Papp, Z. and Hu, C-. Y.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Electron-hydrogen scattering is studied in the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equation approach. The equations are solved by using the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion technique. We present $S$- and $P$-wave scattering and reactions cross sections up to the $H(n=4)$ threshold., Comment: 2 eps figures

Published
2002
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31. Resonant-state solution of the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for three-body systems with Coulomb potentials

Author

Papp, Z., Darai, J., Hu, C-. Y., Hlousek, Z. T., Kónya, B., and Yakovlev, S. L.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

A novel method for calculating resonances in three-body Coulombic systems is proposed. The Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations are solved by applying the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion method. The $e^- e^+ e^-$ S-state resonances up to $n=5$ threshold are calculated., Comment: 6 pages, 2 ps figures

Published
2001
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32. Multichannel $e^{\pm}$ scattering on excited Ps states

Author

Papp, Z., Caballero, D., and Hu, C-. Y.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Scattering and reaction cross sections of $e^{\pm}-Ps$ system are calculated for total angular momentum L=0, 1 and 2 and energies between the Ps(n=2)-Ps(n=3) threshold. We solved a set of Faddeev-Merkuriev and Lippmann-Schwinger integral equations by applying the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion technique. We found that the excited positronium states play dominating roles in scattering processes., Comment: 4 pages

Published
2001

33. Three-potential formalism for the three-body scattering problem with attractive Coulomb interactions

Author

Papp, Z., Hu, C-. Y., Hlousek, Z. T., Kónya, B., and Yakovlev, S. L.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

A three-body scattering process in the presence of Coulomb interaction can be decomposed formally into a two-body single channel, a two-body multichannel and a genuine three-body scattering. The corresponding integral equations are coupled Lippmann-Schwinger and Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations. We solve them by applying the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion method. We present elastic scattering and reaction cross sections of the $e^++H$ system both below and above the $H(n=2)$ threshold. We found excellent agreements with previous calculations in most cases., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

Published
2001
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34. Resonant-state solution of the Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations for three-body systems with Coulomb-like potentials

Author

Papp, Z., Yakovlev, S. L., Hu, C-. Y., Darai, J., Filikhin, I. N., and Kónya, B.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

A novel method for calculating resonances in three-body Coulombic systems is presented. The Faddeev-Merkuriev integral equations are solved by applying the Coulomb-Sturmian separable expansion method. To show the power of the method we calculate resonances of the three-$\alpha$ and the $H^-$ systems., Comment: 10 pages, 3 ps figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Resonances in Few-Body Systems,4-8 September, 2000, Sarospatak, Hungary

Published
2001

38. pH-dependent water permeability switching and its memory in MoS2 membranes.

Author

Hu, C. Y., Achari, A., Rowe, P., Xiao, H., Suran, S., Li, Z., Huang, K., Chi, C., Cherian, C. T., Sreepal, V., Bentley, P. D., Pratt, A., Zhang, N., Novoselov, K. S., Michaelides, A., and Nair, R. R.

Abstract

Intelligent transport of molecular species across different barriers is critical for various biological functions and is achieved through the unique properties of biological membranes1–4. Two essential features of intelligent transport are the ability to (1) adapt to different external and internal conditions and (2) memorize the previous state5. In biological systems, the most common form of such intelligence is expressed as hysteresis6. Despite numerous advances made over previous decades on smart membranes, it remains a challenge to create a synthetic membrane with stable hysteretic behaviour for molecular transport7–11. Here we demonstrate the memory effects and stimuli-regulated transport of molecules through an intelligent, phase-changing MoS2 membrane in response to external pH. We show that water and ion permeation through 1T′ MoS2 membranes follows a pH-dependent hysteresis with a permeation rate that switches by a few orders of magnitude. We establish that this phenomenon is unique to the 1T′ phase of MoS2, due to the presence of surface charge and exchangeable ions on the surface. We further demonstrate the potential application of this phenomenon in autonomous wound infection monitoring and pH-dependent nanofiltration. Our work deepens understanding of the mechanism of water transport at the nanoscale and opens an avenue for the development of intelligent membranes.We demonstrate the memory effects and stimuli-regulated transport of molecules through an intelligent, phase-changing MoS2 membrane in response to external pH, a phenomenon unique to the 1T′ phase of MoS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. PDF_CHEM: fast simulations of the chemical ISM using probability distributions

Author

Bisbas, T.G., Dishoeck, E.F. van, Hu, C.-Y., Schruba, A., Bouscasse, L., Kramer, C., and Gueth, F.

Abstract

We present PDFCHEM, a new numerical method able to compute the photodissociation region (PDR) chemistry of large-scale inhomogeneous ISM regions using probability distributions of physical parameters as an input. We distinguish between two visual extinctions, namely the ‘effective’ (AV,eff) referring to the local extinction and the ‘observed’ (AV,obs) referring to the extinction taken from observations. Using 1,200 pre-calculated PDR simulations, we apply PDFCHEM to two hypothetical AV,obs−PDFs, representing a diffuse region and a Giant Molecular Cloud. PDFchem is fast and can replace the computationally expensive hydrodynamical models in understanding the chemistry of the ISM in different environments, including at low metallicities and high cosmic-ray ionization rates.

Published
2022

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