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Orbital trauma involving high-pressure grease guns is rare and can cause significant morbidity due to retained intraorbital grease. Grease can appear similar to intraorbital air on cross-sectional imaging, and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for retained intraorbital grease and know how to recognise this. In this case, we will share the clinical and radiological findings as well as management of retained intraorbital grease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoints refer to mechanisms entrusted with the modulation of immune responses in peripheral tissues and are required for minimising collateral damage. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) work through numerous pathways, including the anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and the PD-L1 (protein cell death protein-ligand-1) pathways. They are proving to be an exciting therapeutic avenue in the attempt to activate anti-tumour activity. Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody working on the anti-CTLA-4 pathway, while nivolumab and pembrolizumab are humanised monoclonal IgG4 antibodies that work on the PD-1 pathway. Despite a growing body of research pertinent to these novel therapies, early indications show that they are limited by their side effect profile. Furthermore, their efficacy appears to be greater in cancers with a high mutational burden. We present two female patients with bilateral reactive dacryoadenitis secondary to ICPi therapy, a finding that to the best of our knowledge was not previously described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the technique and indications for an endoscopic-assisted approach to orbital roof lesions., Materials and Methods: The technique was used for six cases of orbital roof lesions. An anterior orbitotomy was performed via an upper eyelid skin crease incision. Areas of the lesion behind the superior orbital rim or abutting the dura were removed with the aid of a rigid Storz 3-chip video-endoscope with 30-, 45-, or 70-degree tip., Results: Six patients with lesions involving the orbital roof were treated using endoscopic-assisted curettage. There were five males and one female with a mean age of 39.6 years (range, 5 months to 67 years). There were two cases each of cholesterol granuloma, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, and orbital dermoid. The lesions were successfully removed in all cases with a good outcome. Average follow-up was 2.6 years; range, 6 months to 5 years., Conclusion: This technique may be suitable for selected erosive lesions of the superior orbit involving the orbital roof.