Search

Defects on thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel could be divided into either macro- or microdefects, depending on if they are easy to be detected by the naked eye or not. There have been abundant studies discussing the identification of macrodefects but very few on microones. This study proposed a multicategory classification model using a convolutional neural network model to work with automatic optical inspection (AOI) for identifying defective pixels on the TFT-LCD panel. Since the number of nondefective pixels outnumbered the defective ones, there exists a very serious class-imbalanced problem. To deal with that, this study designed a special training strategy that worked with data augmentation to increase the effectiveness of the proposed model. Actual panel images provided by a mobile manufacturer in Taiwan are used to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. After validation, the model constructed by this study had 98.9% total prediction accuracy and excellent specificity and sensitivity. The model could finish the detection and classification process automatically to replace the human inspection.

With the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, airlines are beginning to question whether the implementation of CSR activities will increase costs or affect corporate financial performance. Some researchers argue that CSR is positively associated with corporate financial performance, while others oppose this view. This study tracked the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance indicators and the short-term financial performance of 30 airlines worldwide for five years with data from the Thomson Reuters Eikon ESG database. A multilevel quadratic growth model was used to investigate the impact of airlines’ disclosure of ESG performance indicators. The results revealed that in the initial stages of implementation of ESG-based practices, airlines demonstrate a downward trend in return on assets. However, it gradually increases after a period of incorporation and implementation. Based on this result, airlines should prioritize the selection of key performance indicators for the implementation of CSR toward sustainability.