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1. Effects of COVID-19 on Intravitreal Injection Clinic After Lockdown

Author: Hsieh T, Gundlach BS, Ashrafzadeh S, Sarraf D, and Tsui I
Subjects: age-related macular degeneration, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, coronavirus, co-morbidities, diabetic retinopathy, retina, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Terry Hsieh,1 Bradley S Gundlach,2 Sahar Ashrafzadeh,2 David Sarraf,3,4 Irena Tsui3,5,6 1Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3Ophthalmology Department, West Los Angeles Veterans Health Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics - Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 5Retina Division - Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 6Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Irena Tsui, Ophthalmology Department, West Los Angeles Veterans Health Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tel +1 310 825 7290, Fax +1 310 825 9946, Email itsui@jsei.ucla.eduPurpose: To examine the return of patients to intravitreal injection clinic after the COVID-19 lockdown.Patients and Methods: The electronic medical records of all patients who received intravitreal injections at a tertiary care Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinic 14 weeks post-lockdown (5/9/20-8/13/20) in Los Angeles County were reviewed. Reference groups included injection patients during the 7-week COVID-19 lockdown (3/19/20-5/8/20) and a 7-week pre-pandemic period in 2019 (3/19/19-5/8/19). Clinic volume was compared using a one-way ANOVA. Demographic data, medical and psychiatric co-morbidities, injection diagnoses, visual acuities, and clinic volumes were compared between the 3 periods using a generalized estimating equation multivariate analysis.Results: The post-lockdown period group averaged 25.1 visits per week, compared with 12.3/week during lockdown and 25.4/week pre-COVID in intravitreal injection clinic. In the post-lockdown period, the VHA injection clinic returned closer to the pre-lockdown volume compared to the VHA comprehensive clinic (98.9% vs 57.4%, p < 0.001). Post-lockdown, COPD patients and organ transplant patients were less likely to receive injections compared to 2019 (OR 0.76 p = 0.008, OR 1.37 p < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with a diagnosis of cancer increased in proportion between the pre-pandemic and the post-lockdown periods (OR 1.31, p = 0.007). No differences were found, according to psychiatric co-morbidities. After lockdown, the proportion of patients receiving injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) increased (OR 1.11, p = 0.01).Conclusion: Injection volume returned to pre-pandemic levels immediately after lockdown ended. However, patients with high-risk comorbidities did not return to intravitreal injection clinic post-lockdown. These results can inform medical organizations, which groups may need increased safety measures and targeted outreach to address their ophthalmic needs.Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, coronavirus, co-morbidities, diabetic retinopathy, retina
Published: 2022

2. PRODIGE -- envelope to disk with NOEMA. IV. An infalling gas bridge surrounding two Class 0/I systems in L1448N

Author: Gieser, C., Pineda, J. E., Segura-Cox, D. M., Caselli, P., Valdivia-Mena, M. T., Maureira, M. J., Hsieh, T. H., Busch, L. A., Bouscasse, L., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Neri, R., Kuffmeier, M., Henning, Th., Semenov, D., Cunningham, N., and Jimenez-Serra, I.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The formation of stars has been subject to extensive studies in the past decades from molecular cloud to protoplanetary disk scales. It is still not fully understood how the surrounding material in a protostellar system, that often shows asymmetric structures with complex kinematic properties, feeds the central protostar(s) and their disk(s). Aims. We study the spatial morphology and kinematic properties of the molecular gas surrounding the IRS3A and IRS3B protostellar systems in the L1448N region located in the Perseus molecular cloud. Methods. We present 1 mm NOEMA observations of the PRODIGE large program and analyze the kinematic properties of molecular lines. Given the complexity of the spectral profiles, the lines are fitted with up to three Gaussian velocity components. The clustering algorithm DBSCAN is used to disentangle the velocity components into the underlying physical structure. Results. We discover an extended gas bridge (~3000 au) surrounding both the IRS3A and IRS3B systems in six molecular line tracers (C18O, SO, DCN, H2CO, HC3N, and CH3OH). This gas bridge is oriented along the northeast-southwest direction and shows clear velocity gradients on the order of 100 km/s/pc towards the IRS3A system. We find that the observed velocity profile is consistent with analytical streamline models of gravitational infall towards IRS3A. The high-velocity C18O (2-1) emission towards IRS3A indicates a protostellar mass of ~1.2 Msun. Conclusions. While high angular resolution continuum data often show IRS3A and IRS3B in isolation, molecular gas observations reveal that these systems are still embedded within a large-scale mass reservoir with a complex spatial morphology as well as velocity profiles. The kinematic properties of the extended gas bridge are consistent with gravitational infall toward the IRS3A protostar., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024
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3. Post-Outburst Chemistry in a Very Low-Luminosity Object: Peculiar High Abundance of Nitric Oxide

Author: Kulterer, B. M., Wampfler, S. F., Ligterink, N. F. W., Murillo, N., Hsieh, T. -H., McClure, M. K., Boogert, A., Kipfer, K., Bjerkeli, P., and Drozdovskaya, M. N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Abridged: Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs) are deeply embedded, and extremely faint objects and are thought to be in the quiescent phase of the episodic accretion process. They fill an important gap in our understanding of star formation. The VeLLO in the isolated DC3272+18 cloud has undergone an outburst, and is thus an ideal target for investigating the chemical inventory in the gas phase of an object of its type. Observations with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) in four spectral windows in the frequency range of 213.6--272.4~GHz have been carried out to identify molecules that can be directly linked to the past outburst, utilize the line fluxes, column densities, and the abundance ratios of the detected species to characterize the different physical components of the VeLLO, and probe for the presence of complex organic molecules. Nitric oxide (NO) is detected for the first time in a source of this type, and its formation could be induced by the sublimation of grain-surface species during the outburst. A pathway to form NO directly in the gas phase is from the photodissociation products created after the sublimation of H$_2$O and NH$_3$ from the ices. While the present time water snowline has likely retreated to pre-outburst small radius, the volatile NO species is still extensively present in the gas phase, as evident by its high column density relative to methanol in the observations. This suggests that NO could be potentially used to trace the water snowline in outbursting sources. In order to rule out non-thermal desorption processes that could also have led to the formation of NO, this proposition has to be verified with future observations at higher spatial resolution, and by searching for NO in additional targets., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024
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4. The factors that influence protostellar multiplicity I: Gas temperature, density, and mass in Perseus with Nobeyama

Author: Murillo, N. M., Fuchs, C. M., Harsono, D., Sakai, N., Hacar, A., Johnstone, D., Mignon-Risse, R., Zeng, S., Hsieh, T. -H., Yang, Y. -L., Tobin, J. J., and Persson, M. V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Protostellar multiplicity is common at all stages and mass ranges. However, the factors that determine the multiplicity of protostellar systems have not been systematically characterized through their molecular gas. Nobeyama 45m Radio Observatory OTF maps of HCN, HNC, HCO$^+$, and N$_2$H$^+$ (J = 1--0) toward five subregions in Perseus, complemented with single pointing APEX observations of HNC (J = 4--3) are used to derive physical parameters of the dense gas. Both observations have angular resolutions of $\sim$18", equivalent to $\sim$5000 AU scales at the distance of Perseus. Kinetic gas temperature is derived from the $I$(HCN)/$I$(HNC) J = 1--0 ratio, and H$_2$ density is obtained from the HNC J=4--3/J=1--0 ratio. These parameters are used to obtain the N$_2$H$^+$ and HCO$^+$ gas masses. The inferred and derived parameters are compared to source parameters. Inferred mean kinetic gas temperature ($I$(HCN)/$I$(HNC) J=1--0 ratio; ranging between 15 and 26 K), and H$_2$ volumetric density (HNC J=4--3/J=1--0; 10$^5$ -- 10$^6$ cm$^{-3}$) do not show correlations with multiplicity in Perseus. The derived gas and dust masses, 1.3 to 16 $\times~10^{-9}$ M$_{\odot}$ for the N$_2$H$^+$ gas mass, 0.1 to 25 M$_{\odot}$ for envelope dust masses (850 $\mu$m), and 0.8 to 10 $\times~10^{-10}$ M$_{\odot}$ for the HCO$^+$ gas mass, are correlated to multiplicity and number of protostellar components. The warm gas masses are a factor of 16 lower than the cold gas masses. This work shows that gas and dust mass is correlated to multiplicity at $\sim$5000 AU scales in Perseus. Higher order multiples tend to have higher gas and dust masses in general, while close binaries (separations $\leq$7") and single protostars have similar gas and dust mass distributions. On the other hand, H$_2$ density and kinetic gas temperature do not show any correlation with multiplicity., Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 3 appendices. Accepted for publication in A&A. The abstract has been modified to comply with arXiv's character limit
Published: 2024
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5. PRODIGE -- Planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA

Author: Franceschi, R., Henning, Th., Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V., Semenov, D. A., Schwarz, K., Dutrey, A., Chapillon, E., Gorti, U., Guilloteau, S., Piétu, V., van Terwisga, S., Bouscasse, L., Caselli, P., Gieser, G., Hsieh, T. -H., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Segura-Cox, D. M., Pineda, J. E., Maureira, M. J., and Valdivia-Mena, M. T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We aim to constrain the gas density and temperature distributions as well as gas masses in several T Tauri protoplanetary disks located in Taurus. We use the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (2-1) isotopologue emission observed at 0.9 with the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) as part of the MPG-IRAM Observatory Program PRODIGE (PROtostars and DIsks: Global Evolution PIs: P. Caselli & Th. Henning). Our sample consists of Class II disks with no evidence of strong radial substructures. We use thesedata to constrain the thermal and chemical structure of these disks through theoretical models for gas emission. To fit the combined optically thick and thin CO line data in Fourier space, we developed the DiskCheF code, which includes the parameterized disk physical structure, machine-learning (ML) accelerated chemistry, and the RADMC-3D line radiative transfer module. A key novelty of DiskCheF is the fast and feasible ML-based chemistry trained on the extended grid of the disk physical-chemical models precomputed with the ANDES2 code. This ML approach allows complex chemical kinetics models to be included in a time-consuming disk fitting without the need to run a chemical code. We present a novel approach to incorporate chemistry into disk modeling without the need to explicitly calculate a chemical network every time. Using this new disk modeling tool, we successfully fit the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (2-1) data from the CI, CY, DL, DM, DN, and IQ Tau disks. The combination of optically thin and optically thick CO lines allows us to simultaneously constrain the disk temperature and mass distribution, and derive the CO-based gas masses. These values are in reasonable agreement with the disk dust masses rescaled by a factor of 100 as well as with other indirect gas measurements., Comment: 25 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2024

6. PRODIGE -- Envelope to Disk with NOEMA III. The origin of complex organic molecule emission in SVS13A

Author: Hsieh, T. -H., Pineda, J. E., Segura-Cox, D. M., Caselli, P., Valdivia-Mena, M. T., Gieser, C., Maureira, M. J., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Bouscasse, L., Neri, R., Möller, Th., Dutrey, A., Fuente, A., Semenov, D., Chapillon, E., Cunningham, N., Henning, Th., Pietu, V., Jimenez-Serra, I., Marino, S., and Ceccarelli, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) have been found toward low-mass protostars but the origins of the COM emission are still unclear. It can be associated with, for example, hot corinos, outflows, and/or accretion shock/disk atmosphere. We have conducted NOEMA observations toward SVS13A from the PROtostars & DIsks: Global Evolution (PRODIGE) program. Our previous \ce{DCN} observations reveal a possible infalling streamer, which may affect the chemistry of the central protobinary by inducing accretion outbursts and/or shocked gas. Here, we further analyze six O-bearing COMs: CH3OH, aGg'-(CH2OH)2, C2H5OH, CH2(OH)CHO, CH3CHO, and CH3OCHO. Although the COM emission is not spatially resolved, we constrain the source sizes to $\lesssim0.3-0.4$ arcsec (90$-$120 au) by conducting uv-domain Gaussian fitting. Interestingly, the high-spectral resolution data reveal complex line profiles with multiple peaks showing differences between these six O-bearing COMs. The LTE fitting unveils differences in excitation temperatures and emitting areas among these COMs. We further conduct multiple-velocity-component LTE fitting to decompose the line emission into different kinematic components. Up to 6 velocity components are found from the LTE modeling. The temperature, column density, and source size of these components from each COM are obtained. We find a variety in excitation temperatures ($100-500$ K) and source sizes (D$\sim10-70$ au) from these kinematic components from different COMs. The emission of each COM can trace several components and different COMs most likely trace different regions. Given this complex structure, we suggest that the central region is inhomogeneous and unlikely to be heated by only protostellar radiation. We conclude that accretion shocks induced by the large-scale infalling streamer likely exist and contribute to the complexity of the COM emission., Comment: 29 pages, 18 figures, accepted to A&A
Published: 2024
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7. PRODIGE -- Planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA. I. Overview and first results for 12CO, 13CO, and C18O

Author: Semenov, D., Henning, Th., Guilloteau, S., Smirnov-Pinchukov, G., Dutrey, A., Chapillon, E., Pietu, V., Franceschi, R., Schwarz, K., van Terwisga, S., Bouscasse, L., Caselli, P., Ceccarelli, C., Cunningham, N., Fuente, A., Gieser, C., Hsieh, T. -H., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Segura-Cox, D. M., Pineda, J. E., Maureira, M. J., Moeller, Th., Tafalla, M., and Valdivia-Mena, M. T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We are performing a line survey of 8 planet-forming Class II disks in Taurus with the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), as a part of the MPG-IRAM Observatory Program PRODIGE (PROtostars and DIsks: Global Evolution; PIs: P. Caselli and Th. Henning). Compact and extended disks around T Tauri stars CI, CY, DG, DL, DM, DN, IQ Tau, and UZ Tau E are observed in ~80 lines from >20 C-, O,- N-, and S-bearing species. The observations in four spectral settings at 210-280 GHz with $1\sigma$ rms sensitivity of ~ 8-12 mJy/beam at 0.9" and 0.3 km/s resolution will be completed in 2024. The uv-visibilities are fitted with the DiskFit model to obtain key stellar and disk properties. In this paper, the combined $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O $J = 2-1$ data are presented. We find that the CO fluxes and disk masses inferred from dust continuum tentatively correlate with the CO emission sizes. We constrain dynamical stellar masses, geometries, temperatures, the CO column densities and gas masses for each disk. The best-fit temperatures at 100 au are ~ 17-37 K, and decrease radially with the power-law exponent q ~ 0.05-0.76. The inferred CO column densities decrease radially with the power-law exponent p ~ 0.2-3.1. The gas masses estimated from $^{13}$CO (2-1) are ~ $0.001-0.2 M_\textrm{Sun}$. The best-fit CO column densities point to severe CO freeze-out in the disks. The DL Tau disk is an outlier, and has either stronger CO depletion or lower gas mass than the rest of the sample. The CO isotopologue ratios are roughly consistent with the observed values in disks and the low-mass star-forming regions., Comment: 47 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication by A&A on 22/02/2024
Published: 2024
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8. Principal-Agent Problems in Energy Efficient Computing in a University Setting

Author: Pritoni, M, Gunda, S, and Hsieh,, T
Abstract: About 10% of the energy usage on a typical university campus is spent to meetInformation Technology (IT) demands such as powering desktops, severs, printers, laptops, andother peripheral equipment. At UC Davis, the annual energy expenditure on IT alone wasapproximately $3 million (~$1.3 million excluding servers and related usage) in 2008. Thistranslates to nearly 12,800 equivalent tons of CO2 per year. In light of California’s greenhousegas reduction goals such as AB 32, UC campuses are crafting detailed plans to reduce energywaste and improve efficiency across all domains; IT efficiency is recognized as an importantarea of focus. It is well documented that IT energy use can be significantly reduced throughenergy efficiency measures and best practices. However, these strategies when implementedhave not been as successful as expected because they have not incorporated behavioral change,thereby missing the opportunity to maximize energy savings. Inherent principal-agent conflictsimpede behavior change, notably in the form of consumers on campus not paying the electricalbill for their IT energy use.The objective of the current work is to establish the PA problem with IT usage in auniversity setting and quantify the maximum potential savings possible by eliminating thisbehavioral component. Preliminary estimates have shown that the PA problem in computingamounts to $460,000 annually. It was found that lack of 1) incentives or policies, 2)collaboration amongst various stake holders and 3) awareness were some of the key barriers thatneed to be addressed to achieve any significant savings.
Published: 2023

9. Medicaid – When Federalism Meets Disparity

Author: Hsieh, T. John, Strobel, Alan F., Antonio, Benjamin L., and Glover, Chris
Published: 2024
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10. PRODIGE -- Envelope to Disk with NOEMA II. Small-scale temperature structure and a streamer feeding the SVS13A protobinary using CH3CN and DCN

Author: Hsieh, T. -H., Segura-Cox, D. M., Pineda, J. E., Caselli, P., Bouscasse, L., Neri, R., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Valdivia-Mena, M. T., Maureira, M. J., Henning, Th., Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V., Semenov, D., Möller, Th., Cunningham, N., Fuente, A., Marino, S., Dutrey, A., Tafalla, M., Chapillon, E., Ceccarelli, C., and Zhao, B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Aims. We present high sensitivity and high-spectral resolution NOEMA observations of the Class 0/I binary system SVS13A, composed of the low-mass protostars VLA4A and VLA4B with a separation of ~90 au. VLA4A is undergoing an accretion burst that enriches the chemistry of the surrounding gas. This gives us an excellent opportunity to probe the chemical and physical conditions as well as the accretion process. Methods. We observe the (12K-11K) lines of CH3CN and CH313CN, the DCN (3-2) line, and the C18O (2-1) line toward SVS13A using NOEMA. Results. We find complex line profiles at disk scales which cannot be explained by a single component or pure Keplerian motion. By adopting two velocity components to model the complex line profiles, we find that the temperatures and densities are significantly different between these two components. This suggests that the physical conditions of the emitting gas traced via CH3CN can change dramatically within the circumbinary disk. In addition, combining our observations of DCN (3-2) with previous ALMA high-angular-resolution observations, we find that the binary system (or VLA4A) might be fed by an infalling streamer from envelope scales (~700 au). If this is the case, this streamer contributes to the accretion of material onto the system with a rate of at least 1.4x10-6 Msun yr-1. Conclusions. We conclude that the CH3CN emission in SVS13A traces hot gas from a complex structure. This complexity might be affected by a streamer that is possibly infalling and funneling material into the central region., Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures, accepted to A&A
Published: 2022
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11. PRODIGE -- Envelope to disk with NOEMA I. A 3000 au streamer feeding a Class I protostar

Author: Valdivia-Mena, M. T., Pineda, J. E., Segura-Cox, D. M., Caselli, P., Neri, R., López-Sepulcre, A., Cunningham, N., Bouscasse, L., Semenov, D., Henning, Th., Piétu, V., Chapillon, E., Dutrey, A., Fuente, A., Guilloteau, S., Hsieh, T. H., Jiménez-Serra, I., Marino, S., Maureira, M. J., Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V., Tafalla, M., and Zhao, B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. In the past few years, there has been a rise in the detection of streamers, asymmetric flows of material directed toward the protostellar disk with material from outside the star's natal core. It is unclear how they affect the process of mass accretion, in particular beyond the Class 0 phase. Aims. We investigate the gas kinematics around Per-emb-50, a Class I source in the crowded star-forming region NGC 1333. Our goal is to study how the mass infall proceeds from envelope to disk scales in this source. Results. We discover a streamer delivering material toward Per-emb-50 in H$_2$CO and C$^{18}$O emission. The streamer's emission can be well described by the analytic solutions for an infalling parcel of gas along a streamline with conserved angular momentum, both in the image plane and along the line of sight velocities. The streamer has a mean infall rate of $1.3 \times 10^{ -6}$ M$_{ \odot}$ yr$^{ -1}$, $5 -10$ times higher than the current accretion rate of the protostar. SO and SO$_2$ emission reveal asymmetric infall motions in the inner envelope, additional to the streamer around Per-emb-50. Furthermore, the presence of SO$_2$ could mark the impact zone of the infalling material. Conclusions. The streamer delivers sufficient mass to sustain the protostellar accretion rate and might produce an accretion burst, which would explain the protostar's high luminosity with respect to other Class I sources. Our results highlight the importance of late infall for protostellar evolution: streamers might provide a significant amount of mass for stellar accretion after the Class 0 phase., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2022
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12. Principal-Agent Problems in Energy Efficient Computing in a University Setting

Author: Pritoni, M, Gunda, S, and Hsieh,, T
Abstract: About 10% of the energy usage on a typical university campus is spent to meetInformation Technology (IT) demands such as powering desktops, severs, printers, laptops, andother peripheral equipment. At UC Davis, the annual energy expenditure on IT alone wasapproximately $3 million (~$1.3 million excluding servers and related usage) in 2008. Thistranslates to nearly 12,800 equivalent tons of CO2 per year. In light of California’s greenhousegas reduction goals such as AB 32, UC campuses are crafting detailed plans to reduce energywaste and improve efficiency across all domains; IT efficiency is recognized as an importantarea of focus. It is well documented that IT energy use can be significantly reduced throughenergy efficiency measures and best practices. However, these strategies when implementedhave not been as successful as expected because they have not incorporated behavioral change,thereby missing the opportunity to maximize energy savings. Inherent principal-agent conflictsimpede behavior change, notably in the form of consumers on campus not paying the electricalbill for their IT energy use.The objective of the current work is to establish the PA problem with IT usage in auniversity setting and quantify the maximum potential savings possible by eliminating thisbehavioral component. Preliminary estimates have shown that the PA problem in computingamounts to $460,000 annually. It was found that lack of 1) incentives or policies, 2)collaboration amongst various stake holders and 3) awareness were some of the key barriers thatneed to be addressed to achieve any significant savings.
Published: 2021

13. Generation of Thermofield Double States and Critical Ground States with a Quantum Computer

Author: Zhu, D., Johri, S., Linke, N. M., Landsman, K. A., Nguyen, N. H., Alderete, C. H., Matsuura, A. Y., Hsieh, T. H., and Monroe, C.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Finite-temperature phases of many-body quantum systems are fundamental to phenomena ranging from condensed-matter physics to cosmology, yet they are generally difficult to simulate. Using an ion trap quantum computer and protocols motivated by the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), we generate nontrivial thermal quantum states of the transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) by preparing thermofield double states at a variety of temperatures. We also prepare the critical state of the TFIM at zero temperature using quantum-classical hybrid optimization. The entanglement structure of thermofield double and critical states plays a key role in the study of black holes, and our work simulates such nontrivial structures on a quantum computer. Moreover, we find that the variational quantum circuits exhibit noise thresholds above which the lowest depth QAOA circuits provide the best results.
Published: 2019
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14. Measuring the unmeasurable - a project of domestic violence risk prediction and management

Author: Chen, Ya-Yun, Liu, Chia-Kai, Wang, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Sue-Chuan, Hsieh, Yi-Shan, Ke, Jing-Tai, and Hsieh, T. C.
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: The prevention of domestic violence (DV) have aroused serious concerns in Taiwan because of the disparity between the increasing amount of reported DV cases that doubled over the past decade and the scarcity of social workers. Additionally, a large amount of data was collected when social workers use the predominant case management approach to document case reports information. However, these data were not properly stored or organized. To improve the efficiency of DV prevention and risk management, we worked with Taipei City Government and utilized the 2015 data from its DV database to perform a spatial pattern analysis of the reports of DV cases to build a DV risk map. However, during our map building process, the issue of confounding bias arose because we were not able to verify if reported cases truly reflected real violence occurrence or were simply false reports from potential victim's neighbors. Therefore, we used the random forest method to build a repeat victimization risk prediction model. The accuracy and F1-measure of our model were 96.3% and 62.8%. This model helped social workers differentiate the risk level of new cases, which further reduced their major workload significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first project that utilized machine learning in DV prevention. The research approach and results of this project not only can improve DV prevention process, but also be applied to other social work or criminal prevention areas., Comment: Presented at the Data For Good Exchange 2017
Published: 2017

15. PRODIGE - Planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA. II. Modeling the CO (2-1) isotopologue emission of the Class II T Tauri disks in Taurus

Author: Franceschi, R., primary, Henning, Th., additional, Semenov, D.A., additional, Schwarz, K., additional, Dutrey, A., additional, Chapillon, E., additional, Gorti, U., additional, Guilloteau, S., additional, Pietu, V., additional, van Terwisga, S., additional, Bouscasse, L., additional, Caselli, P., additional, Gieser, G., additional, Hsieh, T.-H., additional, Lopez-Sepulcre, A., additional, Segura-Cox, D.M., additional, Pineda, J.E., additional, Maureira, M.J., additional, and Valdivia-Mena, M.T., additional
Published: 2024
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16. PRODIGE - envelope to disk with NOEMA III. The origin of complex organic molecule emission in SVS13A

Author: Hsieh, T.-H., primary, Pineda, J.E., additional, Segura-Cox, D.M., additional, Caselli, P., additional, Valdivia-Mena, M.T., additional, Gieser, C., additional, Maureira, M.J., additional, Lopez-Sepulcre, A., additional, Bouscasse, L., additional, Neri, R., additional, and aL, et, additional
Published: 2024
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17. Generation of thermofield double states and critical ground states with a quantum computer

Author: Zhu, D., Johri, S., Linke, N. M., Landsman, K. A., Alderete, C. Huerta, Nguyen, N. H., Matsuurad, A. Y., Hsieh, T. H., and Monroe, C.
Published: 2020

18. Effect of compression fracture on trabecular bone score at lumbar spine

Author: Hsu, Y., Hsieh, T.-J., Ho, C.-H., Lin, C.-H., and Chen, C.K.-H.
Published: 2021
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19. Predictors of abnormal DNA fragmentation index and successful pregnancy

Author: Nguyen, V., primary, Fan, A., additional, Patel, D.P., additional, and Hsieh, T-C., additional
Published: 2024
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20. (172) Managing Proximal Perforation of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in Pelvic Trauma

Author: Nguyen, V, primary and Hsieh, T, additional
Published: 2024
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21. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve bladder contractility and compliance in rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction

Author: Lee, T-N., primary, Chang, S-.J., additional, Hsieh, T-Y., additional, Ng, K.C., additional, Chang, C-Y., additional, and Chueh, J.S., additional
Published: 2024
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22. (119) Impact of Ethnicity on Clinical Outcomes of Intralesional CCH in Peyronie's Disease Patients Across Kaiser Permanente Southern California Database

Author: Okene, M, primary, Hsieh, T, additional, and Mirheydar, H, additional
Published: 2024
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23. (179) Does Climate Impact IPP Infection Risk? Assessment of Temperature and Dew Point on IPP Infections

Author: Barham, D, primary, Pyrgidis, N, additional, Amini, E, additional, Hammad, M, additional, Miller, J, additional, Andrianne, R, additional, Sadeghi-Nejad, H, additional, Gross, K, additional, Hatzicrhistodoulou, G, additional, Hotaling, J, additional, Hsieh, T, additional, Lentz, A, additional, Modgil, V, additional, Osmonov, D, additional, Park, SH, additional, Yafi, F, additional, Perito, P, additional, Simhan, J, additional, Van Renterghem, K, additional, and Gross, M, additional
Published: 2024
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24. (070) Androgen Status in Men and Risk Of COVID-19 Complications: An Analysis of United States Claims Data

Author: Dolendo, I, primary, Patel, D, additional, Horns, J, additional, Nguyen, V, additional, Hsieh, T, additional, Pastuszak, A, additional, and Hotaling, J, additional
Published: 2024
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25. (082) Integrated Urology and Primary Care Model Improves Outcomes for Men with Testosterone Deficiency

Author: Nguyen, V, primary, Berrios, S, additional, Leonard, A, additional, Byrne, E, additional, Patel, D, additional, Martin, L, additional, and Hsieh, T, additional
Published: 2024
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26. (277) Predictors of Cryopreserved Sperm Quality Among Transgender Females Compared to Cisgender Males

Author: Nguyen, V, primary, Sabet, M, additional, Anger, J, additional, and Hsieh, T, additional
Published: 2024
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27. (141) Surgical Outcomes of Infrapubic Insertion of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in 175 Transmen After Phalloplasty

Author: Chen, M, primary, Patel, D, additional, Hotaling, J, additional, Sun, H, additional, Gupta, S, additional, Hsieh, T, additional, Goodwin, I, additional, Watt, A, additional, Lin, W, additional, and Safa, B, additional
Published: 2024
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28. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., and Zuccon, P.
Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
Published: 2023

29. Chiral properties of light mesons with $N_f=2+1$ overlap fermions

Author: JLQCD, Collaborations, TWQCD, Noaki, J., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Onogi, T., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We present an update of the light meson spectrum with $N_f$=2+1 overlap fermions on a $16^3\times 48$ lattice at five different up and down quark masses and two strange quark masses. Based on our experience with the previous simulation with $N_f=2$, we carry out the chiral extrapolation with the prediction of the chiral perturbation theory at the next-to-next-to leading order. We also check the consistency of our analysis by using alternative chiral extrapolation with a reduced theory in which the strange quark mass is integrated out., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, talk presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China
Published: 2009

30. Flavor-singlet mesons in N_f=2+1 QCD with dynamical overlap quarks

Author: JLQCD, collaborations, TWQCD, Kaneko, T., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Noaki, J., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We report on our study of flavor-singlet mesons in three-flavor QCD with dynamical overlap quarks. Gauge ensembles are generated on a 16^3 x 48 lattice at a lattice spacing of 0.10 fm with the strange quark masses around its physical value m_s,phys and up and down quark masses down to m_s,phys/5. Connected and disconnected meson correlators are calculated using the all-to-all quark propagator. We present our preliminary results on the spectrum of flavor-singlet pseudoscalar and vector mesons., Comment: 7 pages, talk presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - LAT2009, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China
Published: 2009

31. Pion form factors from two-flavor lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry

Author: JLQCD, collaborations, TWQCD, Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Onogi, T., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We calculate pion vector and scalar form factors in two-flavor lattice QCD and study the chiral behavior of the vector and scalar radii _{V,S}. Numerical simulations are carried out on a 16^3 x 32 lattice at a lattice spacing of 0.12 fm with quark masses down to \sim m_s/6, where m_s is the physical strange quark mass. Chiral symmetry, which is essential for a direct comparison with chiral perturbation theory (ChPT), is exactly preserved in our calculation at finite lattice spacing by employing the overlap quark action. We utilize the so-called all-to-all quark propagator in order to calculate the scalar form factor including the contributions of disconnected diagrams and to improve statistical accuracy of the form factors. A detailed comparison with ChPT reveals that the next-to-next-to-leading-order contributions to the radii are essential to describe their chiral behavior in the region of quark mass from m_s/6 to m_s/2. Chiral extrapolation based on two-loop ChPT yields _V=0.409(23)(37)fm and _S=0.617(79)(66)fm, which are consistent with phenomenological analysis. We also present our estimates of relevant low-energy constants., Comment: 32 pages, 18 figures, typos corrected
Published: 2009
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32. PRODIGE – planet-forming disks in Taurus with NOEMA: I. Overview and first results for 12CO, 13CO, and C18O.

Author: Semenov, D., Henning, Th., Guilloteau, S., Smirnov-Pinchukov, G., Dutrey, A., Chapillon, E., Piétu, V., Franceschi, R., Schwarz, K., van Terwisga, S., Bouscasse, L., Caselli, P., Ceccarelli, C., Cunningham, N., Fuente, A., Gieser, C., Hsieh, T.-H., Lopez-Sepulcre, A., Segura-Cox, D. M., and Pineda, J. E.
Subjects: COMPACT discs, STELLAR mass, PROTOSTARS, OBSERVATORIES, RADIO lines, ISOTOPOLOGUES, PHYSICS
Abstract: Context. The physics and chemistry of planet-forming disks are far from being fully understood. To make further progress, both broad line surveys and observations of individual tracers in a statistically significant number of disks are required. Aims. Our aim is to perform a line survey of eight planet-forming Class II disks in Taurus with the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), as a part of the MPG-IRAM Observatory Program PRODIGE (PROtostars and DIsks: Global Evolution; PIs: P. Caselli and Th. Henning). Methods. Compact and extended disks around T Tauri stars CI, CY, DG, DL, DM, DN, IQ Tau, and UZ Tau E are observed in ~80 lines from > 20 C-, O,- N-, and S-bearing species. The observations in four spectral settings at 210–280 GHz with a 1σ rms sensitivity of ~8–12 mJy beam−1 at a 0.9″ and 0.3 km s−1 resolution will be completed in 2024. The uv visibilities are fitted with the DiskFit model to obtain key stellar and disk properties. Results. In this first paper, the combined 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2–1 data are presented. We find that the CO fluxes and disk masses inferred from dust continuum tentatively correlate with the CO emission sizes. We constrained dynamical stellar masses, geometries, temperatures, the CO column densities, and gas masses for each disk. The best-fit temperatures at 100 au are ~ 17–37 K, and decrease radially with the power-law exponent q ~ 0.05–0.76. The inferred CO column densities decrease radially with the power-law exponent p ~ 0.2–3.1. The gas masses estimated from 13CO (2–1) are ~0.001–0.2 M⊙. Conclusions. Using NOEMA, we confirm the presence of temperature gradients in our disk sample. The best-fit CO column densities point to severe CO freeze-out in these disks. The DL Tau disk is an outlier, and has either stronger CO depletion or lower gas mass than the rest of the sample. The CO isotopologue ratios are roughly consistent with the observed values in disks and the low-mass star-forming regions. The high 13CO/C18O ratio of ~23 in DM Tau could be indicative of strong selective photodissociation of C18O in this disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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33. Pion vector and scalar form factors with dynamical overlap quarks

Author: JLQCD, collaborations, TWQCD, Kaneko, T., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Onogi, T., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We calculate the pion vector and scalar form factors in two-flavor QCD. Gauge configurations are generated with dynamical overlap quarks on a 16^3 x 32 lattice at a lattice spacing of 0.12 fm with sea quark masses down to a sixth of the physical strange quark mass. Contributions of disconnected diagrams to the scalar form factor is calculated employing the all-to-all quark propagators. We present a detailed comparison of the vector and scalar radii with chiral perturbation theory to two loops., Comment: 7 pages; Talk presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14 - 19 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA; v2: a reference added
Published: 2008

34. Light meson spectrum with $N_f=2+1$ dynamical overlap fermions

Author: Noaki, J., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Onogi, T., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We report on a numerical simulation with 2+1 dynamical flavors of overlap fermions. We calculate pseudo-scalar masses and decay constants on a $16^3\times 48 \times (0.11 {\rm fm})^4$ lattice at five different up and down quark masses and two strange quark masses. The lightest pion mass corresponds to $\approx 310$ MeV. We also study the validity of the chiral perturbation theory using the results of the numerical simulation with two dynamical flavors and conclude that the one-loop formulae cannot be directly applied in the strange quark mass region. We therefore extrapolate our 2+1-flavor results to the chiral limit by fitting the data to the two-loop formulae of the chiral perturbation theory., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure files. Talk given at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14 - 19 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Published: 2008

35. Topological susceptibility in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with overlap fermion

Author: Chiu, T. W., Aoki, S., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Onogi, T., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We determine the topological susceptibility \chi_t in the topologically-trivial sector generated by lattice simulations of N_f = 2+1 QCD with overlap Dirac fermion, on a 16^3 x 48 lattice with lattice spacing ~ 0.11 fm, for five sea quark masses m_q ranging from m_s/6 to m_s (where m_s is the physical strange quark mass). The \chi_t is extracted from the plateau (at large time separation) of the 2-point and 4-point time-correlation functions of the flavor-singlet pseudoscalar meson \eta', which arises from the finite size effect due to fixed topology. In the small m_q regime, our result of \chi_t agrees with the chiral effective theory. Using the formula \chi_t = \Sigma(m_u^{-1} + m_d^{-1} + m_s^{-1})^{-1} by Leutwyler-Smilga, we obtain the chiral condensate \Sigma^{MSbar}(2 GeV) = [249(4)(2) MeV]^3., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Published: 2008

36. Lattice study of vacuum polarization function and determination of strong coupling constant

Author: Shintani, E., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Onogi, T., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We calculate the vacuum polarization functions on the lattice using the overlap fermion formulation.By matching the lattice data at large momentum scales with the perturbative expansion supplemented by Operator Product Expansion (OPE), we extract the strong coupling constant $\alpha_s(\mu)$ in two-flavor QCD as $\Lambda^{(2)}_{\overline{MS}}$ = $0.234(9)(^{+16}_{- 0})$ GeV, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. In addition, from the analysis of the difference between the vector and axial-vector channels, we obtain some of the four-quark condensates., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, enlarged version published in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2008
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37. Topological susceptibility in 2-flavor lattice QCD with fixed topology

Author: Chiu, T. W., Aoki, S., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Ogawa, K., Onogi, T., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: We determine the topological susceptibility $ \chi_t $ in the trivial topological sector generated by lattice simulations of two-flavor QCD with overlap Dirac fermion, on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice with lattice spacing $\sim$ 0.12 fm, at six sea quark masses $m_q$ ranging from $m_s/6$ to $m_s$ (where $m_s$ is the physical strange quark mass). The $ \chi_t $ is extracted from the plateau (at large time separation) of the time-correlation function of the flavor-singlet pseudoscalar meson ($\eta'$), which arises from the finite size effect due to fixed topology. In the small $m_q$ regime, our result of $\chi_t$ is proportional to $m_q$ as expected from chiral effective theory. Using the formula $\chi_t=m_q\Sigma/N_f$ by Leutwyler-Smilga, we obtain the chiral condensate in $N_f=2$ QCD as $\Sigma^{\bar{\mathrm{MS}}}(\mathrm{2 GeV})=[252(5)(10) \mathrm{MeV}]^3 $, in good agreement with our previous result obtained in the $\epsilon$-regime., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the 25th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Regensburg, Germany, 30 Jul - 4 Aug 2007
Published: 2008

38. Convergence of the chiral expansion in two-flavor lattice QCD

Author: Noaki, J., Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Onogi, T., Shintani, E., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We test the convergence property of the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) using a lattice QCD calculation of pion mass and decay constant with two dynamical quark flavors. The lattice calculation is performed using the overlap fermion formulation, which realizes exact chiral symmetry at finite lattice spacing. By comparing various expansion prescriptions, we find that the chiral expansion is well saturated at the next-to-leading order (NLO) for pions lighter than $\sim$450 MeV. Better convergence behavior is found in particular for a resummed expansion parameter $\xi$, with which the lattice data in the pion mass region 290$\sim$750 MeV can be fitted well with the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) formulae. We obtain the results in two-flavor QCD for the low energy constants $\bar{l}_3$ and $\bar{l}_4$ as well as the pion decay constant, the chiral condensate, and the average up and down quark mass., Comment: 4pages, the version accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2008
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39. Topological susceptibility in two-flavor lattice QCD with exact chiral symmetry

Author: Aoki, S., Chiu, T. W., Fukaya, H., Hashimoto, S., Hsieh, T. H., Kaneko, T., Matsufuru, H., Noaki, J., Ogawa, K., Onogi, T., and Yamada, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We determine the topological susceptibility $\chi_t$ in two-flavor QCD using the lattice simulations at a fixed topological sector. The topological charge density is unambiguously defined on the lattice using the overlap-Dirac operator which possesses exact chiral symmetry. Simulations are performed on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice at lattice spacing $\sim$ 0.12 fm at six sea quark masses $m_q$ ranging in $m_s/6$--$m_s$ with $m_s$ the physical strange quark mass. The $\chi_t$ is extracted from the constant behavior of the time-correlation of flavor-singlet pseudo-scalar meson two-point function at large distances, which arises from the finite size effect due to the fixed topology. In the small $m_q$ regime, our result of $\chi_t$ is proportional to $m_q$ as expected from chiral effective theory. Using the formula $\chi_t=m_q\Sigma/N_f$ by Leutwyler-Smilga, we obtain the chiral condensate in $N_f=2$ QCD as $\Sigma^{\bar{\mathrm{MS}}}(\mathrm{2 GeV}) = [252(5)(10) \mathrm{MeV}]^3 $, in good agreement with our previous result obtained in the $\epsilon$-regime., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, v2: accepted for publication in PLB
Published: 2007
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40. Data production models for the CDF experiment

Author: Antos, J., Babik, M., Benjamin, D., Cabrera, S., Chan, A. W., Chen, Y. C., Coca, M., Cooper, B., Genser, K., Hatakeyama, K., Hou, S., Hsieh, T. L., Jayatilaka, B., Kraan, A. C., Lysak, R., Mandrichenko, I. V., Robson, A., Siket, M., Stelzer, B., Syu, J., Teng, P. K., Timm, S. C., Tomura, T., Vataga, E., Wolbers, S. A., and Yeh, P.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The data production for the CDF experiment is conducted on a large Linux PC farm designed to meet the needs of data collection at a maximum rate of 40 MByte/sec. We present two data production models that exploits advances in computing and communication technology. The first production farm is a centralized system that has achieved a stable data processing rate of approximately 2 TByte per day. The recently upgraded farm is migrated to the SAM (Sequential Access to data via Metadata) data handling system. The software and hardware of the CDF production farms has been successful in providing large computing and data throughput capacity to the experiment., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; presented at HPC Asia2005, Beijing, China, Nov 30 - Dec 3, 2005
Published: 2006

41. Data production of a large Linux PC Farm for the CDF experiment

Author: Antos, J., Babik, M., Chan, A. W., Chen, Y. C., Hou, S., Hsieh, T. L., Lysak, R., Mandrichenko, I. V., Siket, M., Syu, J., Teng, P. K., Timm, S. C., Wolbers, S. A., and Yeh, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The data production farm for the CDF experiment is designed and constructed to meet the needs of the Run II data collection at a maximum rate of 20 MByte/sec during the run. The system is composed of a large cluster of personal computers (PCs) with a high-speed network interconnect and a custom design control system for the flow of data and the scheduling of tasks on this PC farm. The farm explores and exploits advances in computing and communication technology. The data processing has achieved a stable production rate of approximately 2 TByte per day. The software and hardware of the CDF production farms has been successful in providing large computing and data throughput capacity to the experiment., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2006

42. Rarefaction and Extrapolation: Making Fair Comparison of Abundance-Sensitive Phylogenetic Diversity among Multiple Assemblages

Author: Hsieh, T. C. and Chao, Anne
Published: 2017

43. Urologic/Clinical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Author: Patel, Nishant, Hsieh, T. Mike, Lipshultz, Larry I., editor, Pastuszak, Alexander W., editor, Goldstein, Andrew T., editor, Giraldi, Annamaria, editor, and Perelman, Michael A., editor
Published: 2016
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44. Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author: Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Battiston, R., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Behlmann, M., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Belyaev, N., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Berdugo, J., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Bertucci, B., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Bindi, V., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Bollweg, K., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Bolster, J., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schultz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Borgia, B., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Boschini, M. J., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Ambrosi, G., Bourquin, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Bueno, E. F., Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Burger, J., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Burger, W. J., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Arruda, L., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Attig, N., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Bagwell, C., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Barao, F., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Barrin, L., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Bartoloni, A., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, solar modulation, ddc:530, cosmic rays electron
Abstract: We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×108 electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.
Published: 2023
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45. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Cosmic rays
Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 × 106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
Published: 2023

46. Properties of Cosmic Aluminum Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Liu, Z, Paniccia, M, Zhang, C, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Liu Z., Paniccia M., Zhang C., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M. V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Liu, Z, Paniccia, M, Zhang, C, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Liu Z., Paniccia M., Zhang C., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M. V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: We report the properties of aluminum (Al) nuclei in cosmic rays measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.51 million nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We observed that above 6 GV the Al spectrum is well described by the weighted sum of the silicon spectrum (primary cosmic rays) and the fluorine spectrum (secondary cosmic rays). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity and becomes dominant at highest rigidities. Al/Si abundance ratio at the source is determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Published: 2022

47. Observation of Z>2 trapped nuclei by AMS on ISS

Author: Giovacchini, F, Oliva, A, Valencia-Otero, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Giovacchini F., Oliva A., Valencia-Otero M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schulz von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Giovacchini, F, Oliva, A, Valencia-Otero, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Giovacchini F., Oliva A., Valencia-Otero M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schulz von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics experiment operating continuously aboard the International Space Station (ISS) since the 19th of May of 2011. A component of trapped Z>2 ions located in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) has been detected traversing the instrument both in down-going and up-going directions.
Published: 2022

48. Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Chen, Y, Paniccia, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Chen Y., Paniccia M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., de Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., Zuccon P., Chen, Y, Paniccia, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Chen Y., Paniccia M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., de Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62 million iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray Fe flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of the primary cosmic ray He, C, and O fluxes, with the Fe/O flux ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly Fe and He, C, and O belong to the same class of primary cosmic rays which is different from the primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si class.
Published: 2022

49. AB0624 DUAL TRAJECTORIES OF DSDNA AND C3 CORRELATED WITH MORTALITY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Author: Chen, H. H., primary, Huang, W. N., additional, Hsieh, T. Y., additional, and Chen, Y. H., additional
Published: 2023
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50. The Impact of Zero-Rated Supplies on Financial Services in the KSA – What It Means and Where It Ends

Author: Hsieh, T., primary and Bader, Y., additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

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