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1. Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors

Author

Bhattacharyya, P, Chen, W, Huang, X, Chatterjee, S, Huang, B, Kobrin, B, Lyu, Y, Smart, TJ, Block, M, Wang, E, Wang, Z, Wu, W, Hsieh, S, Ma, H, Mandyam, S, Chen, B, Davis, E, Geballe, ZM, Zu, C, Struzhkin, V, Jeanloz, R, Moore, JE, Cui, T, Galli, G, Halperin, BI, Laumann, CR, and Yao, NY

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, General Science & Technology
Abstract

By directly altering microscopic interactions, pressure provides a powerful tuning knob for the exploration of condensed phases and geophysical phenomena1. The megabar regime represents an interesting frontier, in which recent discoveries include high-temperature superconductors, as well as structural and valence phase transitions2-6. However, at such high pressures, many conventional measurement techniques fail. Here we demonstrate the ability to perform local magnetometry inside a diamond anvil cell with sub-micron spatial resolution at megabar pressures. Our approach uses a shallow layer of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres implanted directly within the anvil7-9; crucially, we choose a crystal cut compatible with the intrinsic symmetries of the nitrogen-vacancy centre to enable functionality at megabar pressures. We apply our technique to characterize a recently discovered hydride superconductor, CeH9 (ref. 10). By performing simultaneous magnetometry and electrical transport measurements, we observe the dual signatures of superconductivity: diamagnetism characteristic of the Meissner effect and a sharp drop of the resistance to near zero. By locally mapping both the diamagnetic response and flux trapping, we directly image the geometry of superconducting regions, showing marked inhomogeneities at the micron scale. Our work brings quantum sensing to the megabar frontier and enables the closed-loop optimization of superhydride materials synthesis.

Published
2024

2. Greenland Telescope (GLT) Project

Author

Nakamura M., Algaba J. C., Asada K., Chen B., Chen M.-T., Han J., Ho P. H. P., Hsieh S.-N., Huang T., Inoue M., Koch P., Kuo C.-Y., Martin-Cocher P., Matsushita S., Meyer-Zhao Z., Nishioka H., Nystrom G., Pradel N., Pu H.-Y., Raffin P., Shen H.-Y., and Tseng C.-Y.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The GLT project is deploying a new submillimeter (submm) VLBI station in Greenland. Our primary scientific goal is to image a shadow of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of six billion solar masses in M87 at the center of the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The expected SMBH shadow size of 40-50 μas requires superbly high angular resolution, suggesting that the submm VLBI would be the only way to obtain the shadow image. The Summit station in Greenland enables us to establish baselines longer than 9,000 km with ALMA in Chile and SMA in Hawaii as well as providing a unique u–v coverage for imaging M87. Our VLBI network will achieve a superior angular resolution of about 20 μas at 350 GHz, corresponding to ∼ 2.5 times of the Schwarzschild radius of the supermassive black hole in M87. We have been monitoring the atmospheric opacity at 230 GHz since August. 2011; we have confirmed the value on site during the winter season is comparable to the ALMA site thanks to high altitude of 3,200 m and low temperature of −50°C. We will report current status and future plan of the GLT project towards our expected first light on 2015–2016.

Published
2013
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3. Effect of two parallel intruders on net work during granular penetrations

Author

Pravin, Swapnil, Chang, Brian, Han, Endao, London, Lionel, Goldman, Daniel I., Jaeger, Heinrich M., and Hsieh, S. Tonia

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

The impact of single passive intruders into granular particles has been studied in detail. However, the impact force produced by multiple intruders separated at a distance from one another, and hence the effect of their presence in close proximity to one another, is largely unexplored. Here, we use numerical simulations and laboratory experiments to study the force response of two parallel rods intruding vertically into granular media while varying the gap spacing between them. We also explored the effect of variations in friction, intruder size, and particle size on the force response. The net work ($W$) of the two rods over the depth of intrusion was measured, and the instantaneous velocities of particles over the duration of intrusion were calculated by simulations. We found that the work done by the intruders changes with distance between them. We observed a peak in $W$ at a gap spacing of $\sim$3 particle diameters, which was up to 25% greater than $W$ at large separation (\textgreater 11 particle diameters), beyond which the net work plateaued. This peak was likely due to less particle flow between intruders as we found a larger number of strong forces---identified as force chains---in the particle domain at gaps surrounding the peak force. Although higher friction caused greater force generation during intrusion, the gap spacing between the intruders at which the peak work was generated remained unchanged. Larger intruder sizes resulted in greater net work with the peak in $W$ occurring at slightly larger intruder separations. Taken together, our results show that peak work done by two parallel intruders remained within a narrow range, remaining robust to most other tested parameters., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 6 supplemental figures, and appendix

Published
2020
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4. Optically Enhanced Electric Field Sensing Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles

Author

Block, M., Kobrin, B., Jarmola, A., Hsieh, S., Zu, C., Figueroa, N. L., Acosta, V. M., Minguzzi, J., Maze, J. R., Budker, D., and Yao, N. Y.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have shown promise as inherently localized electric-field sensors, capable of detecting individual charges with nanometer resolution. Working with NV ensembles, we demonstrate that a detailed understanding of the internal electric field environment enables enhanced sensitivity in the detection of external electric fields. We follow this logic along two complementary paths. First, using excitation tuned near the NV's zero-phonon line, we perform optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures in order to precisely measure the NV center's excited-state susceptibility to electric fields. In doing so, we demonstrate that the characteristically observed contrast inversion arises from an interplay between spin-selective optical pumping and the NV centers' local charge distribution. Second, motivated by this understanding, we propose and analyze a novel scheme for optically-enhanced electric-field sensing using NV ensembles; we estimate that our approach should enable order of magnitude improvements in the DC electric-field sensitivity., Comment: 6+10 pages, 3+6 figures

Published
2020
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5. A multisite study of nurse-reported perceptions and practice of ABCDEF bundle components

Author

Boehm, Leanne M, Pun, Brenda T, Stollings, Joanna L, Girard, Timothy D, Rock, Peter, Hough, Catherine L, Hsieh, S Jean, Khan, Babar A, Owens, Robert L, Schmidt, Gregory A, Smith, Susan, and Ely, E Wesley

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Nursing, Health Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Critical Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, Early Ambulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nurses, Patient Care Bundles, Perception, ABCDEF bundle, Intensive care unit, Interprofessional, Implementation, Nurse
Abstract

ObjectivesABCDEF bundle implementation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is associated with dose dependent improvements in patient outcomes. The objective was to compare nurse attitudes about the ABCDEF bundle to self-reported adherence to bundle components.Research methodology/designCross-sectional study.SettingNurses providing direct patient care in 28 ICUs within 18 hospitals across the United States.Main outcome measures53-item survey of attitudes and practice of the ABCDEF bundle components was administered between November 2011 and August 2015 (n = 1661).ResultsWe did not find clinically significant correlations between nurse attitudes and adherence to Awakening trials, Breathing trials, and sedation protocol adherence (rs = 0.05-0.28) or sedation plan discussion during rounds and Awakening and Breathing trial Coordination (rs = 0.19). Delirium is more likely to be discussed during rounds when ICU physicians and nurse managers facilitate delirium reduction (rs = 0.27-0.36). Early mobilization is more likely to occur when ICU physicians, nurse managers, staffing, equipment, and the ICU environment facilitate early mobility (rs = 0.36-0.47). Physician leadership had the strongest correlation with reporting an ICU environment that facilitates ABCDEF bundle implementation (rs = 0.63-0.74).ConclusionsNurse attitudes about bundle implementation did not predict bundle adherence. Nurse manager and physician leadership played a large role in creating a supportive ICU environment.

Published
2020

6. Imaging stress and magnetism at high pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor

Author

Hsieh, S., Bhattacharyya, P., Zu, C., Mittiga, T., Smart, T. J., Machado, F., Kobrin, B., Höhn, T. O., Rui, N. Z., Kamrani, M., Chatterjee, S., Choi, S., Zaletel, M., Struzhkin, V. V., Moore, J. E., Levitas, V. I., Jeanloz, R., and Yao, N. Y.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Pressure alters the physical, chemical and electronic properties of matter. The development of the diamond anvil cell (DAC) enables tabletop experiments to investigate a diverse landscape of high-pressure phenomena ranging from the properties of planetary interiors to transitions between quantum mechanical phases. In this work, we introduce and utilize a novel nanoscale sensing platform, which integrates nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers directly into the culet (tip) of diamond anvils. We demonstrate the versatility of this platform by performing diffraction-limited imaging (~600 nm) of both stress fields and magnetism, up to pressures ~30 GPa and for temperatures ranging from 25-340 K. For the former, we quantify all six (normal and shear) stress components with accuracy $<0.01$ GPa, offering unique new capabilities for characterizing the strength and effective viscosity of solids and fluids under pressure. For the latter, we demonstrate vector magnetic field imaging with dipole accuracy $<10^{-11}$ emu, enabling us to measure the pressure-driven $\alpha\leftrightarrow\epsilon$ phase transition in iron as well as the complex pressure-temperature phase diagram of gadolinium. In addition to DC vector magnetometry, we highlight a complementary NV-sensing modality using T1 noise spectroscopy; crucially, this demonstrates our ability to characterize phase transitions even in the absence of static magnetic signatures. By integrating an atomic-scale sensor directly into DACs, our platform enables the in situ imaging of elastic, electric and magnetic phenomena at high pressures., Comment: 18 + 50 pages, 4 + 19 figures

Published
2018
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7. Imaging stress and magnetism at high pressures using a nanoscale quantum sensor

Author

Hsieh, S, Bhattacharyya, P, Zu, C, Mittiga, T, Smart, TJ, Machado, F, Kobrin, B, Höhn, TO, Rui, NZ, Kamrani, M, Chatterjee, S, Choi, S, Zaletel, M, Struzhkin, VV, Moore, JE, Levitas, VI, Jeanloz, R, and Yao, NY

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, cond-mat.mes-hall, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, quant-ph, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Pressure alters the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of matter. The diamond anvil cell enables tabletop experiments to investigate a diverse landscape of high-pressure phenomena. Here, we introduce and use a nanoscale sensing platform that integrates nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers directly into the culet of diamond anvils. We demonstrate the versatility of this platform by performing diffraction-limited imaging of both stress fields and magnetism as a function of pressure and temperature. We quantify all normal and shear stress components and demonstrate vector magnetic field imaging, enabling measurement of the pressure-driven [Formula: see text] phase transition in iron and the complex pressure-temperature phase diagram of gadolinium. A complementary NV-sensing modality using noise spectroscopy enables the characterization of phase transitions even in the absence of static magnetic signatures.

Published
2019

8. Electrodiagnostic subtyping in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients in the International Guillain–Barré Outcome Study

Author

Arends, S, Drenthen, J, de Koning, L, van den Bergh, P, Hadden, R, Kuwabara, S, Reisin, R, Shahrizaila, N, Ajroud-Driss, S, Antonini, G, Attarian, S, Balducci, C, Bertorini, T, Brannagan, T, Cavaletti, G, Chao, C, Chavada, G, Dillmann, K, Dimachkie, M, Galassi, G, Gutierrez-Gutierrez, G, Harbo, T, Islam, B, Islam, Z, Katzberg, H, Kusunoki, S, Manganelli, F, Miller, J, Pardo, J, Pereon, Y, Rajabally, Y, Sindrup, S, Stettner, M, Uncini, A, Verhamme, C, Vytopil, M, Waheed, W, Jacobs, B, Cornblath, D, Addington, J, Badrising, U, Barroso, F, Bateman, K, Bella, I, Benedetti, L, van den Berg, B, Bhavaraju-Sanka, R, Briani, C, Buermann, J, Busby, M, Butterworth, S, Casasnovas, C, Chen, S, Claeys, K, Conti, E, Cosgrove, J, Dalakas, M, van Damme, P, Dardiotis, E, Davidson, A, Doets, A, van Doorn, P, Echaniz-Laguna, A, Eftimov, F, Faber, K, Fazio, R, Feasby, T, Fehmi, J, Fokke, C, Fujioka, T, Fulgenzi, E, Garssen, M, Gijsbers, C, Gilchrist, J, Gilhuis, J, Goldstein, J, Gorson, K, Goyal, N, Granit, V, Gutmann, L, Hartung, H, Holt, J, Hsieh, S, Htut, M, Hughes, R, Jerico-Pascual, I, Kaida, K, Karafiath, S, Khoshnoodi, M, Kiers, L, Kleiweg, R, Kokubun, N, Kolb, N, van Koningsveld, R, van der Kooi, A, Kramers, H, Kuitwaard, K, Kwan, J, Ladha, S, Lassen, L, Lawson, V, Lehmann, H, Cejas, L, Leonhard, S, Luijten, L, Lunn, M, Manji, H, Marfia, G, Infante, C, Martin-Aguilar, L, Martinez-Hernandez, E, Mataluni, G, Mattiazzi, M, Mcdermott, C, Meekins, G, Mohammad, Q, Monges, S, de la Tassa, G, Nascimbene, C, Nobile-Orazio, E, Nowak, R, Osei-Bonsu, M, Pelouto, F, Pulley, M, Gutierrez, L, Reddel, S, van der Ree, T, Rinaldi, S, Ripellino, P, Roberts, R, Rojas-Marcos, I, Roodbol, J, Rudnicki, S, Sachs, G, Samijn, J, Santoro, L, Schenone, A, Tous, M, Sheikh, K, Silvestri, N, Sundrup, S, Sommer, C, Stein, B, Stino, A, Thomma, R, Twydell, P, Varrato, J, Vermeij, F, Verschuuren, J, Visser, L, Walgaard, C, Wang, Y, Willison, H, Wirtz, P, van Woerkom, M, Zivkovic, S, Arends S., Drenthen J., de Koning L., van den Bergh P., Hadden R. D. M., Kuwabara S., Reisin R. C., Shahrizaila N., Ajroud-Driss S., Antonini G., Attarian S., Balducci C., Bertorini T., Brannagan T. H., Cavaletti G., Chao C. -C., Chavada G., Dillmann K. -U., Dimachkie M. M., Galassi G., Gutierrez-Gutierrez G., Harbo T., Islam B., Islam Z., Katzberg H., Kusunoki S., Manganelli F., Miller J. A. L., Pardo J., Pereon Y., Rajabally Y. A., Sindrup S., Stettner M., Uncini A., Verhamme C., Vytopil M., Waheed W., Jacobs B. C., Cornblath D. R., Addington J. M., Badrising U. A., Barroso F. A., Bateman K., Bella I., Benedetti L., van den Berg B., Bhavaraju-Sanka R., Briani C., Buermann J., Busby M., Butterworth S., Casasnovas C., Chen S., Claeys K., Conti E., Cosgrove J. S., Dalakas M., van Damme P., Dardiotis E., Davidson A., Doets A., van Doorn P., Echaniz-Laguna A., Eftimov F., Faber K. G., Fazio R., Feasby T. E., Fehmi J., Fokke C., Fujioka T., Fulgenzi E., Garssen M. P. J., Gijsbers C. J., Gilchrist J. M., Gilhuis J., Goldstein J. M., Gorson K. C., Goyal N., Granit V., Gutmann L., Hartung H. -P., Holt J. K. L., Hsieh S. -T., Htut M., Hughes R. A. C., Jerico-Pascual I., Kaida K., Karafiath S., Khoshnoodi M. A., Kiers L., Kleiweg R. P., Kokubun N., Kolb N. A., van Koningsveld R., van der Kooi A. J., Kramers H., Kuitwaard K., Kwan J. Y., Ladha S. S., Lassen L. L., Lawson V. H., Lehmann H., Cejas L. L., Leonhard S. E., Luijten L., Lunn M. P. T., Manji H., Marfia G. A., Infante C. M., Martin-Aguilar L., Martinez-Hernandez E., Mataluni G., Mattiazzi M., McDermott C., Meekins G., Mohammad Q. D., Monges S., de la Tassa G. M., Nascimbene C., Nobile-Orazio E., Nowak R. J., Osei-Bonsu M., Pelouto F., Pulley M. T., Gutierrez L. Q., Reddel S. W., van der Ree T., Rinaldi S., Ripellino P., Roberts R. C., Rojas-Marcos I., Roodbol J., Rudnicki S. A., Sachs G. M., Samijn J. P. A., Santoro L., Schenone A., Tous M. J. S., Sheikh K. A., Silvestri N. J., Sundrup S. H., Sommer C., Stein B., Stino A. M., Thomma R. C. M., Twydell P., Varrato J. D., Vermeij F. H., Verschuuren J., Visser L. H., Walgaard C., Wang Y., Willison H. J., Wirtz P. W., van Woerkom M., Zivkovic S. A., Arends, S, Drenthen, J, de Koning, L, van den Bergh, P, Hadden, R, Kuwabara, S, Reisin, R, Shahrizaila, N, Ajroud-Driss, S, Antonini, G, Attarian, S, Balducci, C, Bertorini, T, Brannagan, T, Cavaletti, G, Chao, C, Chavada, G, Dillmann, K, Dimachkie, M, Galassi, G, Gutierrez-Gutierrez, G, Harbo, T, Islam, B, Islam, Z, Katzberg, H, Kusunoki, S, Manganelli, F, Miller, J, Pardo, J, Pereon, Y, Rajabally, Y, Sindrup, S, Stettner, M, Uncini, A, Verhamme, C, Vytopil, M, Waheed, W, Jacobs, B, Cornblath, D, Addington, J, Badrising, U, Barroso, F, Bateman, K, Bella, I, Benedetti, L, van den Berg, B, Bhavaraju-Sanka, R, Briani, C, Buermann, J, Busby, M, Butterworth, S, Casasnovas, C, Chen, S, Claeys, K, Conti, E, Cosgrove, J, Dalakas, M, van Damme, P, Dardiotis, E, Davidson, A, Doets, A, van Doorn, P, Echaniz-Laguna, A, Eftimov, F, Faber, K, Fazio, R, Feasby, T, Fehmi, J, Fokke, C, Fujioka, T, Fulgenzi, E, Garssen, M, Gijsbers, C, Gilchrist, J, Gilhuis, J, Goldstein, J, Gorson, K, Goyal, N, Granit, V, Gutmann, L, Hartung, H, Holt, J, Hsieh, S, Htut, M, Hughes, R, Jerico-Pascual, I, Kaida, K, Karafiath, S, Khoshnoodi, M, Kiers, L, Kleiweg, R, Kokubun, N, Kolb, N, van Koningsveld, R, van der Kooi, A, Kramers, H, Kuitwaard, K, Kwan, J, Ladha, S, Lassen, L, Lawson, V, Lehmann, H, Cejas, L, Leonhard, S, Luijten, L, Lunn, M, Manji, H, Marfia, G, Infante, C, Martin-Aguilar, L, Martinez-Hernandez, E, Mataluni, G, Mattiazzi, M, Mcdermott, C, Meekins, G, Mohammad, Q, Monges, S, de la Tassa, G, Nascimbene, C, Nobile-Orazio, E, Nowak, R, Osei-Bonsu, M, Pelouto, F, Pulley, M, Gutierrez, L, Reddel, S, van der Ree, T, Rinaldi, S, Ripellino, P, Roberts, R, Rojas-Marcos, I, Roodbol, J, Rudnicki, S, Sachs, G, Samijn, J, Santoro, L, Schenone, A, Tous, M, Sheikh, K, Silvestri, N, Sundrup, S, Sommer, C, Stein, B, Stino, A, Thomma, R, Twydell, P, Varrato, J, Vermeij, F, Verschuuren, J, Visser, L, Walgaard, C, Wang, Y, Willison, H, Wirtz, P, van Woerkom, M, Zivkovic, S, Arends S., Drenthen J., de Koning L., van den Bergh P., Hadden R. D. M., Kuwabara S., Reisin R. C., Shahrizaila N., Ajroud-Driss S., Antonini G., Attarian S., Balducci C., Bertorini T., Brannagan T. H., Cavaletti G., Chao C. -C., Chavada G., Dillmann K. -U., Dimachkie M. M., Galassi G., Gutierrez-Gutierrez G., Harbo T., Islam B., Islam Z., Katzberg H., Kusunoki S., Manganelli F., Miller J. A. L., Pardo J., Pereon Y., Rajabally Y. A., Sindrup S., Stettner M., Uncini A., Verhamme C., Vytopil M., Waheed W., Jacobs B. C., Cornblath D. R., Addington J. M., Badrising U. A., Barroso F. A., Bateman K., Bella I., Benedetti L., van den Berg B., Bhavaraju-Sanka R., Briani C., Buermann J., Busby M., Butterworth S., Casasnovas C., Chen S., Claeys K., Conti E., Cosgrove J. S., Dalakas M., van Damme P., Dardiotis E., Davidson A., Doets A., van Doorn P., Echaniz-Laguna A., Eftimov F., Faber K. G., Fazio R., Feasby T. E., Fehmi J., Fokke C., Fujioka T., Fulgenzi E., Garssen M. P. J., Gijsbers C. J., Gilchrist J. M., Gilhuis J., Goldstein J. M., Gorson K. C., Goyal N., Granit V., Gutmann L., Hartung H. -P., Holt J. K. L., Hsieh S. -T., Htut M., Hughes R. A. C., Jerico-Pascual I., Kaida K., Karafiath S., Khoshnoodi M. A., Kiers L., Kleiweg R. P., Kokubun N., Kolb N. A., van Koningsveld R., van der Kooi A. J., Kramers H., Kuitwaard K., Kwan J. Y., Ladha S. S., Lassen L. L., Lawson V. H., Lehmann H., Cejas L. L., Leonhard S. E., Luijten L., Lunn M. P. T., Manji H., Marfia G. A., Infante C. M., Martin-Aguilar L., Martinez-Hernandez E., Mataluni G., Mattiazzi M., McDermott C., Meekins G., Mohammad Q. D., Monges S., de la Tassa G. M., Nascimbene C., Nobile-Orazio E., Nowak R. J., Osei-Bonsu M., Pelouto F., Pulley M. T., Gutierrez L. Q., Reddel S. W., van der Ree T., Rinaldi S., Ripellino P., Roberts R. C., Rojas-Marcos I., Roodbol J., Rudnicki S. A., Sachs G. M., Samijn J. P. A., Santoro L., Schenone A., Tous M. J. S., Sheikh K. A., Silvestri N. J., Sundrup S. H., Sommer C., Stein B., Stino A. M., Thomma R. C. M., Twydell P., Varrato J. D., Vermeij F. H., Verschuuren J., Visser L. H., Walgaard C., Wang Y., Willison H. J., Wirtz P. W., van Woerkom M., and Zivkovic S. A.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Various electrodiagnostic criteria have been developed in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Their performance in a broad representation of GBS patients has not been evaluated. Motor conduction data from the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) cohort were used to compare two widely used criterion sets and relate these to diagnostic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis criteria. Methods: From the first 1500 patients in IGOS, nerve conduction studies from 1137 (75.8%) were available for the current study. These patients were classified according to nerve conduction studies criteria proposed by Hadden and Rajabally. Results: Of the 1137 studies, 68.3% (N = 777) were classified identically according to criteria by Hadden and Rajabally: 111 (9.8%) axonal, 366 (32.2%) demyelinating, 195 (17.2%) equivocal, 35 (3.1%) inexcitable and 70 (6.2%) normal. Thus, 360 studies (31.7%) were classified differently. The areas of differences were as follows: 155 studies (13.6%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally; 122 studies (10.7%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and equivocal by Rajabally; and 75 studies (6.6%) classified as equivocal by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally. Due to more strictly defined cutoffs fewer patients fulfilled demyelinating criteria by Rajabally than by Hadden, making more patients eligible for axonal or equivocal classification by Rajabally. In 234 (68.6%) axonal studies by Rajabally the revised El Escorial (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) criteria were fulfilled; in axonal cases by Hadden this was 1.8%. Conclusions and discussion: This study shows that electrodiagnosis in GBS is dependent on the criterion set utilized, both of which are based on expert opinion. Reappraisal of electrodiagnostic subtyping in GBS is warranted.

Published
2024

12. Dynamic jamming of dense suspensions under tilted impact

Author

Han, Endao, Zhao, Liang, Van Ha, Nigel, Hsieh, S. Tonia, Szyld, Daniel B., and Jaeger, Heinrich M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Dense particulate suspensions can not only increase their viscosity and shear thicken under external forcing, but also jam into a solid-like state that is fully reversible when the force is removed. An impact on the surface of a dense suspension can trigger this jamming process by generating a shear front that propagates into the bulk of the system. Tracking and visualizing such a front is difficult because suspensions are optically opaque and the front can propagate as fast as several meters per second. Recently, high-speed ultrasound imaging has been used to overcome this problem and extract two-dimensional sections of the flow field associated with jamming front propagation. Here we extend this method to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow field. This enables us to investigate the evolution of jamming fronts for which axisymmetry cannot be assumed, such as impact at angles tilted away from the normal to the free surface of the suspension. We find that sufficiently far from solid boundaries the resulting flow field is approximately identical to that generated by normal impact, but rotated and aligned with the angle of impact. However, once the front approaches the solid boundary at the bottom of the container, it generates a squeeze flow that deforms the front profile and causes jamming to proceed in a non-axisymmetric manner., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018

13. Imaging the Local Charge Environment of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Author

Mittiga, T, Hsieh, S, Zu, C, Kobrin, B, Machado, F, Bhattacharyya, P, Rui, NZ, Jarmola, A, Choi, S, Budker, D, and Yao, NY

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, quant-ph, cond-mat.mes-hall, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

Characterizing the local internal environment surrounding solid-state spin defects is crucial to harnessing them as nanoscale sensors of external fields. This is especially germane to the case of defect ensembles which can exhibit a complex interplay between interactions, internal fields, and lattice strain. Working with the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, we demonstrate that local electric fields dominate the magnetic resonance behavior of NV ensembles at a low magnetic field. We introduce a simple microscopic model that quantitatively captures the observed spectra for samples with NV concentrations spanning more than two orders of magnitude. Motivated by this understanding, we propose and implement a novel method for the nanoscale localization of individual charges within the diamond lattice; our approach relies upon the fact that the charge induces a NV dark state which depends on the electric field orientation.

Published
2018

14. Correlations and dynamics of spins in an XY-like spin-glass (Ni0.4Mn0.6)TiO3 single crystal system

Author

Solanki, R. S., Hsieh, S. -H., Du, C. H., Deng, G., Wang, C. W., Gardner, J. S., Tonomoto, H., Kimura, T., and Pong, W. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (ENS and INS) experiments were performed on a single crystal of (Ni0.4Mn0.6)TiO3 (NMTO) to study the spatial correlations and dynamics of spins in the XY-like spin-glass (SG) state. Magnetization measurements reveal signatures of SG behavior in NMTO with a freezing temperature of TSG ~ 9.1 K. The ENS experiments indicated that the intensity of magnetic diffuse scattering starts to increase around 12 K, which is close to TSG. Also, spin-spin correlation lengths (zeta) at 1.5 K are approximately (21) and (73) angstrom in the interlayer and the in-plane directions, respectively, demonstrating that magnetic correlations in NMTO exhibit quasi two-dimensional antiferromagnetic order. In addition, critical exponent (beta) is determined to be 0.37 from the intensity of magnetic diffuse scattering confirms the XY-like SG state of NMTO. INS results show quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) profiles below TSG. The life-time of dynamic correlations obtained from the half width at half maximum of the Lorentzian QENS profiles, are approximately 16 and 16 ps at 10 K for two positions (0.00, 0.00, 1.52) and (0.01, 0.01, 1.50), respectively. Therefore, our experimental findings demonstrate that short-range-ordered antiferromagnetic clusters with short-lived spin correlations are present in the XY-like SG state of NMTO., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures

Published
2017
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15. Anisotropy in the thermal hysteresis of resistivity and charge density wave nature of single crystal SrFeO3-delta: X-ray absorption and photoemission studies

Author

Hsieh, S. H., Solanki, R. S., Wang, Y. F., Shao, Y. C., Lee, S. H., Yao, C. H., Du, C. H., Wang, H. T., Chiou, J. W., Chin, Y. Y., Tsai, H. M., Chen, J. -L., Pao, C. W., Cheng, C. -M., Chen, W. -C., Lin, H. J., Lee, J. F., Chou, F. C., and Pong, W. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The local electronic and atomic structures of the high-quality single crystal of SrFeO3-{delta} ({delta}~0.19) were studied using temperature-dependent x-ray absorption and valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES) to investigate the origin of anisotropic resistivity in the ab-plane and along the c-axis close to the region of thermal hysteresis (near temperature for susceptibility maximum, Tm~78 K). All experiments herein were conducted during warming and cooling processes. The Fe L3,2-edge X-ray linear dichrois results show that during cooling from room temperature to below the transition temperature, the unoccupied Fe 3d eg states remain in persistently out-of-plane 3d3z2-r2 orbitals. In contrast, in the warming process below the transition temperature, they change from 3d3z2-r2 to in-plane 3dx2-y2 orbitals. The nearest-neighbor (NN) Fe-O bond lengths also exhibit anisotropic behavior in the ab-plane and along the c-axis below Tm. The anisotropic NN Fe-O bond lengths and Debye-Waller factors stabilize the in-plane Fe 3dx2-y2 and out-of-plane 3d3z2-r2 orbitals during warming and cooling, respectively. Additionally, a VB-PES study further confirms that a relative band gap opens at low temperature in both the ab-plane and along the c-axis, providing the clear evidence of the charge-density-wave nature of SrFeO3-{delta} ({delta}~ 0.19) single crystal., Comment: 45 pages, 7 figures

Published
2017

16. Computational and Physical Modeling to Understand Form–Function Relationships.

Author

Schwaner, M Janneke and Hsieh, S Tonia

Subjects
*FIELD research, *RAPID prototyping, *ANIMAL experimentation, *EDUCATIONAL planning, *COST
Abstract

The morphology-performance-fitness paradigm has long been a guiding principle inspiring a great deal of laboratory and field studies fundamental to understanding functional-morphology relationships across the tree of life. Despite the power of experimental approaches, they also come with inherent limitations associated with equipment and animal costs, as well as ethical considerations for the types of manipulations that can be implemented. Modeling can provide an opportunity to surmount some of these challenges by offering greater flexibility in manipulating variables and exploring a wider parameter space than is tractable during animal experimentation. However, effective implementation of these tools requires careful consideration of the limitations and benefits they convey, requiring both greater interdisciplinary training from early stages of educational development and increased collaboration and synergies among scientists from traditionally separate disciplines. With institutions increasingly recognizing the need for and investing in providing universal access to computational and rapid prototyping resources, we believe that it is an opportune moment to prioritize greater synergy to accelerate discovery and innovation across fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Using Pose Estimation and 3D Rendered Models to Study Leg-Mediated Self-righting by Lanternflies.

Author

Bien, Theodore, Alexander, Benjamin H, Li, Chengpei, Goeler-Slough, Natalie, Hsieh, S Tonia, and Kane, Suzanne Amador

Subjects
SPOTTED lanternfly, INSECT locomotion, CENTER of mass, DEGREES of freedom, KINETIC energy
Abstract

The ability to upright quickly and efficiently when overturned on the ground (terrestrial self-righting) is crucial for living organisms and robots. Previous studies have mapped the diverse behaviors used by various animals to self-right on different substrates, and proposed physical models to explain how body morphology can favor specific self-righting methods. However, to our knowledge, no studies have quantified and modeled all of an animal's limb motions during these complicated behaviors. Here, we studied terrestrial self-righting by immature invasive spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula), an insect species that must frequently recover from being overturned after jumping and falling in its native habitat. These nymphs self-righted successfully in 92–100% of trials on three substrates with different friction and roughness, with no significant difference in the time or number of attempts required. They accomplished this using three stereotypic sequences of movements. To understand these motions, we combined 3D poses tracked on multi-view high-speed video with articulated 3D models created using photogrammetry and Blender rendering software. The results were used to calculate the mechanical properties (e.g. potential and kinetic energy, angular speed, stability margin, torque, force, etc.) of these insects during righting trials. We used an inverted physical pendulum model (a "template") to estimate the kinetic energy available in comparison to the increase in potential energy required to flip over. While these insects began righting using primarily quasistatic motions, they also used dynamic leg motions to achieve final tip-over. However, this template did not describe important features of the insect's center of mass trajectory and rotational dynamics, necessitating the use of an "anchor" model comprising the 3D rendered body model and six articulated two-segment legs to model the body's internal degrees of freedom and capture the role of the legs' contribution to inertial reorientation. This anchor elucidated the sequence of highly coordinated leg movements these insects used for propulsion, adhesion, and inertial reorientation during righting, and how they frequently pivot about a body contact point on the ground to flip upright. In the most frequently used method, diagonal rotation, these motions allowed nymphs to spin their bodies to upright with lower force with a greater stability margin compared to the other less frequently used methods. We provide a concise overview of necessary background on 3D orientation and rotational dynamics, and the resources required to apply these low-cost modeling methods to other problems in biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

Author

Carter, J. A., Dunlop, M., Forsyth, C., Oksavik, K., Donovon, E., Kavanagh, A., Milan, S. E., Sergienko, T., Fear, R. C., Sibeck, D. G., Connors, M., Yeoman, T., Tan, X., Taylor, M. G. G. T., McWilliams, K., Gjerloev, J., Barnes, R., Billet, D. D., Chisham, G., Dimmock, Andrew P., Freeman, M. P., Han, D. -S, Hartinger, M. D., Hsieh, S. -YW., Hu, Z. -J, James, M. K., Juusola, L., Kauristie, K., Kronberg, E. A., Lester, M., Manuel, J., Matzka, J., McCrea, I., Miyoshi, Y., Rae, J., Ren, L., Sigernes, F., Spanswick, E., Sterne, K., Steuwer, A., Sun, T., Walach, M. -T, Walsh, B., Wang, C., Weygand, J., Wild, J., Yan, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q. -H, Carter, J. A., Dunlop, M., Forsyth, C., Oksavik, K., Donovon, E., Kavanagh, A., Milan, S. E., Sergienko, T., Fear, R. C., Sibeck, D. G., Connors, M., Yeoman, T., Tan, X., Taylor, M. G. G. T., McWilliams, K., Gjerloev, J., Barnes, R., Billet, D. D., Chisham, G., Dimmock, Andrew P., Freeman, M. P., Han, D. -S, Hartinger, M. D., Hsieh, S. -YW., Hu, Z. -J, James, M. K., Juusola, L., Kauristie, K., Kronberg, E. A., Lester, M., Manuel, J., Matzka, J., McCrea, I., Miyoshi, Y., Rae, J., Ren, L., Sigernes, F., Spanswick, E., Sterne, K., Steuwer, A., Sun, T., Walach, M. -T, Walsh, B., Wang, C., Weygand, J., Wild, J., Yan, J., Zhang, J., and Zhang, Q. -H

Abstract

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions, and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere. Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission. Here, we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE, and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer. A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations, the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group, is facilitating these efforts. Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility, the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar, and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions. We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission, and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

Published
2024
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22. Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

Author

Carter, J.A., Dunlop, M., Forsyth, C., Oksavik, K., Donovon, E., Kavanagh, A., Milan, S.E., Sergienko, T., Fear, R.C., Sibeck, D.G., Connors, M., Yeoman, T., Tan, X., Taylor, M.G.G.T., McWilliams, K., Gjerloev, J., Barnes, R., Billet, D.D., Chisham, G., Dimmock, A., Freeman, M.P., Han, D.-S., Hartinger, M.D., Hsieh, S.-Y.W., Hu, Z.-J., James, M.K., Juusola, L., Kauristie, K., Kronberg, E.A., Lester, M., Manuel, J., Matzka, J., McCrea, I., Miyoshi, Y., Rae, J., Ren, L., Sigernes, F., Spanswick, E., Sterne, K., Steuwer, A., Sun, T., Walach, M.-T., Walsh, B., Wang, C., Weygand, J., Wild, J., Yan, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q.-H., Carter, J.A., Dunlop, M., Forsyth, C., Oksavik, K., Donovon, E., Kavanagh, A., Milan, S.E., Sergienko, T., Fear, R.C., Sibeck, D.G., Connors, M., Yeoman, T., Tan, X., Taylor, M.G.G.T., McWilliams, K., Gjerloev, J., Barnes, R., Billet, D.D., Chisham, G., Dimmock, A., Freeman, M.P., Han, D.-S., Hartinger, M.D., Hsieh, S.-Y.W., Hu, Z.-J., James, M.K., Juusola, L., Kauristie, K., Kronberg, E.A., Lester, M., Manuel, J., Matzka, J., McCrea, I., Miyoshi, Y., Rae, J., Ren, L., Sigernes, F., Spanswick, E., Sterne, K., Steuwer, A., Sun, T., Walach, M.-T., Walsh, B., Wang, C., Weygand, J., Wild, J., Yan, J., Zhang, J., and Zhang, Q.-H.

Abstract

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions, and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere. Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission. Here, we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE, and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer. A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations, the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group, is facilitating these efforts. Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility, the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar, and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions. We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission, and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

Published
2024

24. Greenland Telescope Project --- Direct Confirmation of Black Hole with Sub-millimeter VLBI

Author

Inoue, M., Algaba-Marcos, J. C., Asada, K., Chang, C. -C., Chen, M. -T., Han, J., Hirashita, H., Ho, P. T. P., Hsieh, S. -N., Huang, T., Jiang, H., Koch, P. M., Kubo, D. Y., Kuo, C. -Y., Liu, B., Martin-Cocher, P., Matsushita, S., Meyer-Zhao, Z., Nakamura, M., Nishioka, H., Nystrom, G., Pradel, N., Pu, H. -Y., Raffin, P. A., Shen, H. -Y., Snow, W., Srinivasan, R., Wei, T. -S., Blundell, R., Burgos, R., Grimes, P., Keto, E., Paine, S., Patel, N., Sridharan, T. K., Doeleman, S. S., Fish, V., Brisken, W., and Napier, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A 12-m diameter radio telescope will be deployed to the Summit Station in Greenland to provide direct confirmation of a Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH) by observing its shadow image in the active galaxy M87. The telescope (Greenland Telescope: GLT) is to become one of the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) stations at sub-millimeter (submm) regime, providing the longest baseline > 9,000 km to achieve an exceptional angular resolution of 20 micro arc sec at 350 GHz, which will enable us to resolve the shadow size of ~40 micro arc sec. The triangle with the longest baselines formed by the GLT, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile, and the Submillimeter Array (SMA) in Hawaii will play a key role for the M87 observations. We have been working on the image simulations based on realistic conditions for a better understanding of the possible observed images. In parallel, retrofitting of the telescope and the site developments are in progress. Based on three years of opacity monitoring at 225 GHz, our measurements indicate that the site is excellent for submm observations, comparable to the ALMA site. The GLT is also expected to make single-dish observations up to 1.5 THz., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Radio Science journal

Published
2014
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26. Psychosocial Telephone Counseling for Survivors of Cervical Cancer: Results of a Randomized Biobehavioral Trial

Author

Wenzel, L, Osann, K, Hsieh, S, Tucker, JA, Monk, BJ, and Nelson, EL

Subjects
Depression, Mental Health, Rehabilitation, Prevention, Cancer, Mind and Body, Clinical Research, Cervical Cancer, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, 7.1 Individual care needs, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
Published
2015

29. Consensus in controversy: The modified Delphi method applied to Gynecologic Oncology practice

Author

Cohn, DE, Havrilesky, LJ, Osann, K, Lipscomb, J, Hsieh, S, Walker, JL, Wright, AA, Alvarez, RD, Karlan, BY, Bristow, RE, DiSilvestro, PA, Wakabayashi, MT, Morgan, R, Mukamel, DB, and Wenzel, L

Subjects
Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Objectives To determine the degree of consensus regarding the probabilities of outcomes associated with IP/IV and IV chemotherapy. Methods A survey was administered to an expert panel using the Delphi method. Ten ovarian cancer experts were asked to estimate outcomes for patients receiving IP/IV or IV chemotherapy. The clinical estimates were: 1) probability of completing six cycles of chemotherapy, 2) probability of surviving five years, 3) median survival, and 4) probability of ER/hospital visits during treatment. Estimates for two patients, one with a low comorbidity index (patient 1) and the other with a moderate index (patient 2), were included. The survey was administered in three rounds, and panelists could revise their subsequent responses based on review of the anonymous opinions of their peers. Results The ranges were smaller for IV compared with IP/IV therapy. Ranges decreased with each round. Consensus converged around outcomes related to IP/IV chemotherapy for: 1) completion of 6 cycles of therapy (type 1 patient, 62%, type 2 patient, 43%); 2) percentage of patients surviving 5 years (type 1 patient, 66%, type 2 patient, 47%); and 3) median survival (type 1 patient, 83 months, type 2 patient, 58 months). The group required three rounds to achieve consensus on the probabilities of ER/hospital visits (type 1 patient, 24%, type 2 patient, 35%). Conclusions Initial estimates of survival and adverse events associated with IP/IV chemotherapy differ among experts. The Delphi process works to build consensus and may be a pragmatic tool to inform patients of their expected outcomes.

Published
2015

30. A Computational Gene Expression Score for Predicting Immune Injury in Renal Allografts.

Author

Vincenti, Flavio, Sigdel, TK, Bestard, O, Tran, TQ, Hsieh, S-C, Roedder, S, Damm, I, and Sarwal, MM

Abstract

Whole genome microarray meta-analyses of 1030 kidney, heart, lung and liver allograft biopsies identified a common immune response module (CRM) of 11 genes that define acute rejection (AR) across different engrafted tissues. We evaluated if the CRM genes c

Published
2015

31. Multi-functional foot use during running in the zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides)

Author

Li, Chen, Hsieh, S. Tonia, and Goldman, Daniel I.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

A diversity of animals that run on solid, level, flat, non-slip surfaces appear to bounce on their legs; elastic elements in the limbs can store and return energy during each step. The mechanics and energetics of running in natural terrain, particularly on surfaces that can yield and flow under stress, is less understood. The zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides), a small desert generalist with a large, elongate, tendinous hind foot, runs rapidly across a variety of natural substrates. We use high speed video to obtain detailed three-dimensional running kinematics on solid and granular surfaces to reveal how leg, foot, and substrate mechanics contribute to its high locomotor performance. Running at ~10 body length/s (~1 m/s), the center of mass oscillates like a spring-mass system on both substrates, with only 15% reduction in stride length on the granular surface. On the solid surface, a strut-spring model of the hind limb reveals that the hind foot saves about 40% of the mechanical work needed per step, significant for the lizard's small size. On the granular surface, a penetration force model and hypothesized subsurface foot rotation indicates that the hind foot paddles through fluidized granular medium, and that the energy lost per step during irreversible deformation of the substrate does not differ from the reduction in the mechanical energy of the center of mass. The upper hind leg muscles must perform three times as much mechanical work on the granular surface as on the solid surface to compensate for the greater energy lost within the foot and to the substrate.

Published
2013
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32. Prevalence and Impact of Active and Passive Cigarette Smoking in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Author

Hsieh, S Jean, Zhuo, Hanjing, Benowitz, Neal L, Thompson, B Taylor, Liu, Kathleen D, Matthay, Michael A, and Calfee, Carolyn S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Rare Diseases, Substance Misuse, Tobacco, Lung, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Stroke, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, APACHE, Acute Lung Injury, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Comorbidity, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrosamines, Prevalence, Pyridines, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cigarette smoking, lung injury, mortality, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Clinical Sciences, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesCigarette smoke exposure has recently been found to be associated with increased susceptibility to trauma- and transfusion-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. We sought to determine 1) the incidence of cigarette smoke exposure in a diverse multicenter sample of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and 2) whether cigarette smoke exposure is associated with severity of lung injury and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome.DesignAnalysis of the Albuterol for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Omega Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network studies.SettingAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network hospitals.PatientsThree hundred eighty-one patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main results4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, a validated tobacco-specific marker, was measured in urine samples from subjects enrolled in two National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network randomized controlled trials. Urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels were consistent with active smoking in 36% of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and with passive smoking in 41% of nonsmokers (vs 20% and 40% in general population, respectively). Patients with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels in the active smoking range were younger and had a higher incidence of alcohol misuse, fewer comorbidities, lower severity of illness, and less septic shock at enrollment compared with patients with undetectable 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels. Despite this lower severity of illness, the severity of lung injury did not significantly differ based on biomarker-determined smoking status. Cigarette smoke exposure was not significantly associated with death after adjusting for differences in age, alcohol use, comorbidities, and severity of illness.ConclusionsIn this first multicenter study of biomarker-determined cigarette smoke exposure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, we found that active cigarette smoke exposure was significantly more prevalent among acute respiratory distress syndrome patients compared to population averages. Despite their younger age, better overall health, and lower severity of illness, smokers by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol had similar severity of lung injury as patients with undetectable 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. These findings suggest that active cigarette smoking may increase susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome in younger, healthier patients.

Published
2014

36. The use of 99mTc-PYP SPECT/CT in monitoring therapeutic changes of eplontersen in patients with hereditary transthyretin cardiomyopathy

Author

Yu, A, primary, Chen, Y, additional, Tsai, C, additional, Wu, Y, additional, Su, M, additional, Chou, C, additional, Shun, C, additional, Hsueh, H, additional, Juang, J, additional, Lee, M, additional, Tseng, P, additional, Hsieh, S, additional, Cheng, M, additional, Chao, C, additional, and Lin, Y, additional

Published
2023
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41. A Peripheral Blood Diagnostic Test for Acute Rejection in Renal Transplantation

Author

Li, L, Khatri, P, Sigdel, TK, Tran, T, Ying, L, Vitalone, MJ, Chen, A, Hsieh, S, Dai, H, Zhang, M, Naesens, M, Zarkhin, V, Sansanwal, P, Chen, R, Mindrinos, M, Xiao, W, Benfield, M, Ettenger, RB, Dharnidharka, V, Mathias, R, Portale, A, McDonald, R, Harmon, W, Kershaw, D, Vehaskari, VM, Kamil, E, Baluarte, HJ, Warady, B, Davis, R, Butte, AJ, Salvatierra, O, and Sarwal, MM

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Biotechnology, Rare Diseases, Organ Transplantation, Clinical Research, Genetics, Kidney Disease, Transplantation, Pediatric, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Renal and urogenital, Acute Disease, Graft Rejection, Humans, Kidney Transplantation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Acute allograft rejection, biomarker, bioinformatics, renal allograft rejection, renal transplantation, transplantation, transplantation genomics, transplant rejection, translational research, Medical and Health Sciences, Surgery, Clinical sciences, Immunology
Abstract

Monitoring of renal graft status through peripheral blood (PB) rather than invasive biopsy is important as it will lessen the risk of infection and other stresses, while reducing the costs of rejection diagnosis. Blood gene biomarker panels were discovered by microarrays at a single center and subsequently validated and cross-validated by QPCR in the NIH SNSO1 randomized study from 12 US pediatric transplant programs. A total of 367 unique human PB samples, each paired with a graft biopsy for centralized, blinded phenotype classification, were analyzed (115 acute rejection (AR), 180 stable and 72 other causes of graft injury). Of the differentially expressed genes by microarray, Q-PCR analysis of a five gene-set (DUSP1, PBEF1, PSEN1, MAPK9 and NKTR) classified AR with high accuracy. A logistic regression model was built on independent training-set (n = 47) and validated on independent test-set (n = 198)samples, discriminating AR from STA with 91% sensitivity and 94% specificity and AR from all other non-AR phenotypes with 91% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The 5-gene set can diagnose AR potentially avoiding the need for invasive renal biopsy. These data support the conduct of a prospective study to validate the clinical predictive utility of this diagnostic tool.

Published
2012

44. Electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the International GBS Outcome Study: Differences in methods and reference values

Author

Arends, S, Drenthen, J, van den Bergh, P, Franssen, H, Hadden, R, Islam, B, Kuwabara, S, Reisin, R, Shahrizaila, N, Amino, H, Antonini, G, Attarian, S, Balducci, C, Barroso, F, Bertorini, T, Binda, D, Brannagan, T, Buermann, J, Casasnovas, C, Cavaletti, G, Chao, C, Dimachkie, M, Fulgenzi, E, Galassi, G, Gutierrez Gutierrez, G, Harbo, T, Hartung, H, Hsieh, S, Kiers, L, Lehmann, H, Manganelli, F, Marfia, G, Mataluni, G, Pardo, J, Pereon, Y, Rajabally, Y, Santoro, L, Sekiguchi, Y, Stein, B, Stettner, M, Uncini, A, Verboon, C, Verhamme, C, Vytopil, M, Waheed, W, Wang, M, Zivkovic, S, Jacobs, B, Cornblath, D, Arends S., Drenthen J., van den Bergh P., Franssen H., Hadden R. D. M., Islam B., Kuwabara S., Reisin R. C., Shahrizaila N., Amino H., Antonini G., Attarian S., Balducci C., Barroso F., Bertorini T., Binda D., Brannagan T. H., Buermann J., Casasnovas C., Cavaletti G., Chao C. -C., Dimachkie M. M., Fulgenzi E. A., Galassi G., Gutierrez Gutierrez G., Harbo T., Hartung H. -P., Hsieh S. -T., Kiers L., Lehmann H. C., Manganelli F., Marfia G. A., Mataluni G., Pardo J., Pereon Y., Rajabally Y. A., Santoro L., Sekiguchi Y., Stein B., Stettner M., Uncini A., Verboon C., Verhamme C., Vytopil M., Waheed W., Wang M., Zivkovic S., Jacobs B. C., Cornblath D. R., Arends, S, Drenthen, J, van den Bergh, P, Franssen, H, Hadden, R, Islam, B, Kuwabara, S, Reisin, R, Shahrizaila, N, Amino, H, Antonini, G, Attarian, S, Balducci, C, Barroso, F, Bertorini, T, Binda, D, Brannagan, T, Buermann, J, Casasnovas, C, Cavaletti, G, Chao, C, Dimachkie, M, Fulgenzi, E, Galassi, G, Gutierrez Gutierrez, G, Harbo, T, Hartung, H, Hsieh, S, Kiers, L, Lehmann, H, Manganelli, F, Marfia, G, Mataluni, G, Pardo, J, Pereon, Y, Rajabally, Y, Santoro, L, Sekiguchi, Y, Stein, B, Stettner, M, Uncini, A, Verboon, C, Verhamme, C, Vytopil, M, Waheed, W, Wang, M, Zivkovic, S, Jacobs, B, Cornblath, D, Arends S., Drenthen J., van den Bergh P., Franssen H., Hadden R. D. M., Islam B., Kuwabara S., Reisin R. C., Shahrizaila N., Amino H., Antonini G., Attarian S., Balducci C., Barroso F., Bertorini T., Binda D., Brannagan T. H., Buermann J., Casasnovas C., Cavaletti G., Chao C. -C., Dimachkie M. M., Fulgenzi E. A., Galassi G., Gutierrez Gutierrez G., Harbo T., Hartung H. -P., Hsieh S. -T., Kiers L., Lehmann H. C., Manganelli F., Marfia G. A., Mataluni G., Pardo J., Pereon Y., Rajabally Y. A., Santoro L., Sekiguchi Y., Stein B., Stettner M., Uncini A., Verboon C., Verhamme C., Vytopil M., Waheed W., Wang M., Zivkovic S., Jacobs B. C., and Cornblath D. R.

Abstract

Objective: To describe the heterogeneity of electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients collected as part of the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS). Methods: Prospectively collected clinical and EDx data were available in 957 IGOS patients from 115 centers. Only the first EDx study was included in the current analysis. Results: Median timing of the EDx study was 7 days (interquartile range 4–11) from symptom onset. Methodology varied between centers, countries and regions. Reference values from the responding 103 centers were derived locally in 49%, from publications in 37% and from a combination of these in the remaining 15%. Amplitude measurement in the EDx studies (baseline-to-peak or peak-to-peak) differed from the way this was done in the reference values, in 22% of motor and 39% of sensory conduction. There was marked variability in both motor and sensory reference values, although only a few outliers accounted for this. Conclusions: Our study showed extensive variation in the clinical practice of EDx in GBS patients among IGOS centers across the regions. Significance: Besides EDx variation in GBS patients participating in IGOS, this diversity is likely to be present in other neuromuscular disorders and centers. This underlines the need for standardization of EDx in future multinational GBS studies.

Published
2022

45. The ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: How Well Does It Answer Accounting Assessment Questions?

Author

Wood, DA, Achhpilia, MP, Adams, MT, Aghazadeh, S, Akinyele, K, Akpan, M, Allee, KD, Allen, AM, Almer, ED, Ames, D, Arity, V, Barr-Pulliam, D, Basoglu, KA, Belnap, A, Bentley, JW, Berg, T, Berglund, NR, Berry, E, Bhandari, A, Bhuyan, MNH, Black, PW, Blondeel, E, Bond, D, Bonrath, A, Borthick, AF, Boyle, ES, Bradford, M, Brandon, DM, Brazel, JF, Brockbank, BG, Burger, M, Byzalov, D, Cannon, JN, Caro, C, Carr, AH, Cathey, J, Cating, R, Charron, K, Chavez, S, Chen, J, Chen, JC, Chen, JW, Cheng, C, Cheng, X, Christensen, BE, Church, KS, Cicone, NJ, Constance, P, Cooper, LA, Correia, CL, Coyne, J, Cram, WA, Curtis, A, Daigle, RJ, Dannemiller, S, Davenport, SA, Dawson, GS, De Meyst, KJL, Dell, S, Demirkan, S, Denison, CA, Desai, H, DeSimone, S, Diehl, LM, Dimes, R, Dong, B, Donnelly, A, du Pon, A, Duan, HK, Duffey, A, Dunn, RT, Durkin, MP, Dzuranin, AC, Eberle, RM, Ege, MS, El Mahdy, D, Esplin, A, Eulerich, M, Everaert, P, Farah, N, Farish, L, Favere-Marchesi, M, Fayard, D, Filosa, JR, Ford, M, Franz, DR, Fulmer, BP, Fulmer, S, Furner, ZZ, Gantman, S, Garner, S, Garrett, J, Geng, X, Golden, J, Goldman, W, Gomez, J, Gooley, M, Granitto, SP, Green, KY, Greenman, CL, Gupta, G, Guymon, RN, Hale, K, Harper, CJ, Hartt, SA, Hawk, H, Hawkins, SR, Hawkins, EM, Hay, DC, Heinzelmann, R, Henderson, CD, Hendricks, BE, Heninger, WG, Hill, MS, Holden, N, Holderness, DK, Holt, TP, Hoopes, JL, Hsieh, S-F, Huang, F, Huang, H-W, Huang, T-C, Huels, BW, Hunter, K, Hurley, PJ, Inger, K, Islam, S, Ison, I, Issa, H, Jackson, AB, Jackson, SC, Janvrin, DJ, Jimenez, PD, Johanson, D, Judd, JS, Kawada, BS, Kelton, AS, Kern, S, Kerr, JN, Keune, MB, Kim, M, Knox, BD, Kogan, G, Kotb, A, Krane, R, Kremin, J, Krieg, KS, Kugel, J, Kulset, EM, Kuruppu, C, LaDuca, G, Lamberton, BA, Lamboy-Ruiz, MA, Lang, B, Larocque, SA, Larson, MP, Lawson, BP, Lawson, JG, Lee, L, Lenk, MM, Li-Kuehne, M, Liljegren, J, Lin, Y-H, Liu, W-P, Liu, Z, Lock, B, Long, JH, Loraas, T, Lowensohn, S, Loy, TR, Lyngstadaas, H, Maas, W, MacGregor, JE, Madsen, DØ, Malone, CL, Margolin, M, Marshall, ME, Martin, RM, Mpofu, CM, McCoy, C, McGuigan, NC, McSwain, DN, Meckfessel, MD, Mellon, MJ, Melton, OS, Mercado, JM, Mitsuda, S, Modugu, K, Moehrle, S, Chaghervand, AM, Moffitt, K, Moon, JS, Muehlmann, B, Murray, J, Mwaungulu, ES, Myers, N, Naegle, JC, Ndicu, MJ, Nelson, AS, Nguyen, AL, Niederkofler, T, Nikbakht, E, O'Brien, AD, Ogunade, KM, O'Leary, D, Oler, MJ, Oler, DK, Olsen, KJ, Otalor, JI, Outlaw, KW, Ozlanski, ME, Parlier, J, Paterson, JS, Pearson, CA, Petersen, MJ, Petra, ST, Pickard, MD, Pickerd, J, Pinsker, R, Plante, C, Plečnik, JM, Price, RA, Quick, LA, Raedy, J, Raschke, R, Ravenscraft, J, Richardson, V, Rixom, BA, Robertson, JF, Rock, I, Romney, MA, Rozario, A, Ruff, MF, Rupley, K, Saeedi, A, Saiewitz, A, Salzsieder, LW, Sarkar, S, Saulls, M, Scanlan, TA, Schaefer, TJ, Schaupp, D, Schneider, GP, Seebeck, A, Sellers, RD, Seto, SC, Sevel, R-L, Shan, Y, Sherwood, MG, Singorahardjo, M, Skaftadottir, HK, Skomra, J, Smith, JL, Smith, DO, Smith, J, Snow, MC, Sommerfeldt, RD, Sorensen, KB, Sorensen, TL, Spieler, AC, Stallings, MA, Stallings, L, Stancill, A, Stanley, JD, Stefaniak, CM, Stephens, NM, Stewart, BW, Stratopoulos, TC, Street, DA, Subedi, M, Summers, SL, Sundkvist, CH, Synn, C, Tadesse, A, Tapis, GP, Tassin, K, Taylor, S, Teal, M, Teeter, R, Tharapos, M, Theis, JC, Thomas, J, Thompson, KS, Thornock, TA, Tietz, W, Travalent, AM, Trinkle, BS, Truelson, JM, Turner, MC, Vagner, B, Vakilzadeh, H, van der Geest, J, van Pelt, V, Vandervelde, SD, Vega, J, Vera-Muñoz, S, Villanueva, B, Vincent, NE, Wagener, M, Walton, S, Warne, RC, Watanabe, OV, Watson, D, Watson, MW, Weber, J, Weirich, T, West, AN, Wilford, AL, Wilson, AB, Winrow, B, Winrow, T, Winrow, TS, Wiseman, D, Witte, AL, Wood, BD, Wood, J, Woolley, D, Wright, NS, Wu, J, Xiong, X, Yatsenko, D, Yazzie, CE, Young, GM, Zhang, C, Zimmerman, AB, Zoet, E, Wood, DA, Achhpilia, MP, Adams, MT, Aghazadeh, S, Akinyele, K, Akpan, M, Allee, KD, Allen, AM, Almer, ED, Ames, D, Arity, V, Barr-Pulliam, D, Basoglu, KA, Belnap, A, Bentley, JW, Berg, T, Berglund, NR, Berry, E, Bhandari, A, Bhuyan, MNH, Black, PW, Blondeel, E, Bond, D, Bonrath, A, Borthick, AF, Boyle, ES, Bradford, M, Brandon, DM, Brazel, JF, Brockbank, BG, Burger, M, Byzalov, D, Cannon, JN, Caro, C, Carr, AH, Cathey, J, Cating, R, Charron, K, Chavez, S, Chen, J, Chen, JC, Chen, JW, Cheng, C, Cheng, X, Christensen, BE, Church, KS, Cicone, NJ, Constance, P, Cooper, LA, Correia, CL, Coyne, J, Cram, WA, Curtis, A, Daigle, RJ, Dannemiller, S, Davenport, SA, Dawson, GS, De Meyst, KJL, Dell, S, Demirkan, S, Denison, CA, Desai, H, DeSimone, S, Diehl, LM, Dimes, R, Dong, B, Donnelly, A, du Pon, A, Duan, HK, Duffey, A, Dunn, RT, Durkin, MP, Dzuranin, AC, Eberle, RM, Ege, MS, El Mahdy, D, Esplin, A, Eulerich, M, Everaert, P, Farah, N, Farish, L, Favere-Marchesi, M, Fayard, D, Filosa, JR, Ford, M, Franz, DR, Fulmer, BP, Fulmer, S, Furner, ZZ, Gantman, S, Garner, S, Garrett, J, Geng, X, Golden, J, Goldman, W, Gomez, J, Gooley, M, Granitto, SP, Green, KY, Greenman, CL, Gupta, G, Guymon, RN, Hale, K, Harper, CJ, Hartt, SA, Hawk, H, Hawkins, SR, Hawkins, EM, Hay, DC, Heinzelmann, R, Henderson, CD, Hendricks, BE, Heninger, WG, Hill, MS, Holden, N, Holderness, DK, Holt, TP, Hoopes, JL, Hsieh, S-F, Huang, F, Huang, H-W, Huang, T-C, Huels, BW, Hunter, K, Hurley, PJ, Inger, K, Islam, S, Ison, I, Issa, H, Jackson, AB, Jackson, SC, Janvrin, DJ, Jimenez, PD, Johanson, D, Judd, JS, Kawada, BS, Kelton, AS, Kern, S, Kerr, JN, Keune, MB, Kim, M, Knox, BD, Kogan, G, Kotb, A, Krane, R, Kremin, J, Krieg, KS, Kugel, J, Kulset, EM, Kuruppu, C, LaDuca, G, Lamberton, BA, Lamboy-Ruiz, MA, Lang, B, Larocque, SA, Larson, MP, Lawson, BP, Lawson, JG, Lee, L, Lenk, MM, Li-Kuehne, M, Liljegren, J, Lin, Y-H, Liu, W-P, Liu, Z, Lock, B, Long, JH, Loraas, T, Lowensohn, S, Loy, TR, Lyngstadaas, H, Maas, W, MacGregor, JE, Madsen, DØ, Malone, CL, Margolin, M, Marshall, ME, Martin, RM, Mpofu, CM, McCoy, C, McGuigan, NC, McSwain, DN, Meckfessel, MD, Mellon, MJ, Melton, OS, Mercado, JM, Mitsuda, S, Modugu, K, Moehrle, S, Chaghervand, AM, Moffitt, K, Moon, JS, Muehlmann, B, Murray, J, Mwaungulu, ES, Myers, N, Naegle, JC, Ndicu, MJ, Nelson, AS, Nguyen, AL, Niederkofler, T, Nikbakht, E, O'Brien, AD, Ogunade, KM, O'Leary, D, Oler, MJ, Oler, DK, Olsen, KJ, Otalor, JI, Outlaw, KW, Ozlanski, ME, Parlier, J, Paterson, JS, Pearson, CA, Petersen, MJ, Petra, ST, Pickard, MD, Pickerd, J, Pinsker, R, Plante, C, Plečnik, JM, Price, RA, Quick, LA, Raedy, J, Raschke, R, Ravenscraft, J, Richardson, V, Rixom, BA, Robertson, JF, Rock, I, Romney, MA, Rozario, A, Ruff, MF, Rupley, K, Saeedi, A, Saiewitz, A, Salzsieder, LW, Sarkar, S, Saulls, M, Scanlan, TA, Schaefer, TJ, Schaupp, D, Schneider, GP, Seebeck, A, Sellers, RD, Seto, SC, Sevel, R-L, Shan, Y, Sherwood, MG, Singorahardjo, M, Skaftadottir, HK, Skomra, J, Smith, JL, Smith, DO, Smith, J, Snow, MC, Sommerfeldt, RD, Sorensen, KB, Sorensen, TL, Spieler, AC, Stallings, MA, Stallings, L, Stancill, A, Stanley, JD, Stefaniak, CM, Stephens, NM, Stewart, BW, Stratopoulos, TC, Street, DA, Subedi, M, Summers, SL, Sundkvist, CH, Synn, C, Tadesse, A, Tapis, GP, Tassin, K, Taylor, S, Teal, M, Teeter, R, Tharapos, M, Theis, JC, Thomas, J, Thompson, KS, Thornock, TA, Tietz, W, Travalent, AM, Trinkle, BS, Truelson, JM, Turner, MC, Vagner, B, Vakilzadeh, H, van der Geest, J, van Pelt, V, Vandervelde, SD, Vega, J, Vera-Muñoz, S, Villanueva, B, Vincent, NE, Wagener, M, Walton, S, Warne, RC, Watanabe, OV, Watson, D, Watson, MW, Weber, J, Weirich, T, West, AN, Wilford, AL, Wilson, AB, Winrow, B, Winrow, T, Winrow, TS, Wiseman, D, Witte, AL, Wood, BD, Wood, J, Woolley, D, Wright, NS, Wu, J, Xiong, X, Yatsenko, D, Yazzie, CE, Young, GM, Zhang, C, Zimmerman, AB, and Zoet, E

Abstract

ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit is awarded. Still, ChatGPT performs better than the student average for 15.8 percent of assessments when we include partial credit. We provide evidence of how ChatGPT performs on different question types, accounting topics, class levels, open/closed assessments, and test bank questions. We also discuss implications for accounting education and research.

Published
2023

49. Daily Antiplatelets Other Than Aspirin Reduce Liver Cancer Risk but Increase Intracranial Hemorrhage Risk in Cirrhotic Patients

Author

Lee CH, Lin CL, Yen TH, and Hsieh SY

Subjects
cirrhosis, antiplatelet agents, hepatocellular carcinoma, intracranial hemorrhage, mortality., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Chern-Horng Lee,1 Cheng-Li Lin,2 Tzung-Hai Yen,3 Sen-Yung Hsieh4,5 1Department of Geriatric Medicine and General Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 3Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 5College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanCorrespondence: Sen-Yung Hsieh, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Tel +886-975368031, Fax +886-33272324, Email siming.shia@msa.hinet.net; siming@cgmh.org.twPurpose: Aspirin, known to reduce the risk of liver cancer, has been proposed as a preventive measure for patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, concerns regarding aspirin’s potential to cause gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury and bleeding have emerged. Several antiplatelets other than aspirin (APOA) that pose a smaller risk of GI bleeding than aspirin have been proposed as potential aspirin substitutes. This study investigated whether APOAs were effective at reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Additionally, we evaluated the safety of APOAs, specifically regarding their potential to increase the risk of GI bleeding, in a nationwide cirrhosis cohort.Patients and Methods: For the period January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, we identified 686 993 patients with cirrhosis from a national database. A control group was established using 1:2 propensity score matching on the basis of sex, age, comorbidities, and medication use.Results: Daily use of APOAs was significantly associated with lower incidences of HCC (aHR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60– 0.73; P < 0.001) and showed no significant increase in GI bleeding risk (aHR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.93– 1.15; P = 0.533) compared to nonuse of APOAs. However, the risks of intracranial hemorrhage (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.69; P < 0.001) and overall mortality (aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.95 to 2.10; P < 0.001) were higher in the APOA user group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that although daily use of APOAs other than aspirin may decrease the HCC risk of patients with cirrhosis, it may also increase their risks of intracranial hemorrhage and overall mortality. Therefore, the use of APOAs as an alternative to aspirin for HCC prevention in patients with cirrhosis requires careful consideration.Keywords: cirrhosis, antiplatelet agents, hepatocellular carcinoma, intracranial hemorrhage, mortality

Published
2024

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