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The recovery of physiologically bioactive ingredients from agricultural wastes as an abundant and low-cost source for the production of high value-added mutraceuticlas has been recognized and supported for the commercial interests and sustainable managements. In the extraction of geniposide for the development of natural food colorants from the dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae, the gardenia fruit waste (GFW) still remaining 0.86% ( w / w ) of crocins has always been discarded without any further treatments Until now, there was no simple and effective protocol for high-purity trans -crocein (TC) preparation without the coexistence of non-biologically active cis -crocein from GFW. We proposed an effective process to obtain the compound as follows. Crocins were extracted firstly by 50% of ethanol in the highest yield of 8.61 mg/g ( w / w ) from GFW. After the HPD-100 column fractionation in the collecting of crocins, the conversion ratio of 75% of crocins to crocetins can be obtained from the commercial available enzyme- Celluclast ® 1.5 L. The crocins hydrolyzed products, were then separated through the HPD-100 resin adsorption and finally purified with the centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) in single-step to obtain TC in a purity of 96.76 ± 0.17%. Conclusively, the effective enzyme transformation and purification co-operated with CPC technologies on crocins resulted in a high purity product of TC may be highly application in the commercial production.

Janus 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is a new generation 2D material with a unique asymmetric structure. This asymmetric structure (or out-off plane symmetric geometry) of Janus 2D TMD has been reported to yield tunable electronic properties through strain and electric field, which can also be applied in gas sensing. In this work, we performed DFT calculations to investigate the gas sensing property of cyclohexane and acetone on MoS 2 and Janus MoSSe monolayers under external electric fields. Our results show that cyclohexane possesses slightly larger adsorption energy on pristine MoS 2 and Janus MoSSe monolayers than acetone without external electric fields. After applying the external electric fields, the adsorption energy for cyclohexane on MoS 2 shows no enhancement. However, the adsorption energy of acetone shows the most substantial enhancement on the Janus MoSSe monolayer. We found that the dipole moment orientations of adsorbates and the monolayer can strongly interact with the external electric fields. Hence, the combination of polar adsorbate and polar material, i.e. , acetone and Janus MoSSe, demonstrates the most vital sensitivity under the applied bias. On the other hand, the non-polar adsorbate and non-polar material combination show a negligible effect on external bias. These findings can be applied to the design of gas sensors in the future through polar materials., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)