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目的：近年來正拳攻擊在跆拳道比賽中的使用率及得分率已逐漸提升，而正拳攻擊的重要因素為上肢爆發力及速度，本研究比較彈震式訓練 (ballistic training, BT)與複合式訓練 (complex training, CT) (一般阻力訓練結合BT) 對爆發力與速度之增強效果。方法：依受試者臥推最大肌力以分層配對分組方式分成12名彈震式訓練組 (BT組) 及12名複合式阻力訓練組 (CT組)，各組完成8週每週3次的訓練課程。BT組以40％1RM負荷進行訓練，CT組以85％1RM進行一般阻力訓練後，再以40％1RM進行BT訓練。所有組別於訓練前、後實施握推自發性等長收縮力 (50ms RFD, 100ms RFD, 250ms RFD, RFD max) 及40％1RM負荷之槓鈴推動平均速度及峰值速度檢測。結果：BT組與CT組訓練後自發性等長收縮力及槓鈴推動峰值及平均速度表現均達顯著增強效果 (p < .05)。CT組自發性等長收縮力中的最大發力率增強效率顯著優於BT組 (p < .05)。結論：融入速度監控策略的BT與CT均能有效提升一般健康男性大學生上肢爆發力與速度表現能力。相較於BT，CT在最大發力率的增強效率上取得較高的優勢，未來可進一步研究，跆拳道訓練增加CT或BT訓練來提升正拳攻擊得分成功率 Purpose: The performance and scoring percentage of fist about Taekwondo games have been rising in recent years. The velocity and force are major factors of fist. The purpose of this study was to compare the training effects between Ballistic training (BT) and Complex training (CT, general resistance training combined with BT) in velocity and explosive performance. Methods: twenty-four health college males were recruited and pair divided into ballistic training group (BTG, n=12) and complex training group (CTG, n=12). All training groups have to complete 8-week resistance training program that included 3 training sessions per week. before and after the resistance training, the maximum voluntary isometric contraction was tested to calculated rate of force development of bench press (RFD 50ms, RFD 100ms, RFD 250ms, RFD max), bar propulsive velocity (mean velocity, peak velocity) were collected for statistical analysis. Result: Both BT and CT with velocity monitoring strategies can significantly improve explosive power and velocity performance of the upper limb in healthy collegiate males (p < .05). The enhancement percentage of RFD max in CTG was significantly higher than BTG (p < .05). Conclusion: BT and CT were effective training methods to improve explosive power and velocity performance. CT was more effective in improving RFD max than BT. Further research could be focused on the effects of CT or BT training on Taekwondo training to improve the success rate of fist. &nbsp

目的 :分析跆拳道青少年選手完成 12週阻力訓練後，執行停訓 (detraining, DT) 或減量訓練 (tapering, TP)對力量表現之影響。方法 : 22名完成 12週阻力訓練之現役男性青少年跆拳道選手為受試者，以最大肌力水準分層隨機分配為 11位停訓組 (detraining group. DTG) 及 11位減量組 (tapering group, TPG)。TPG維持前一期訓練計畫中「速度與爆發力訓練期」之訓練強度與頻率，但訓練量減半的阻力訓練。前一期阻力訓練結束 48小時進行前測，前測結束後第 7天及第 14天分別進行中測與後測。依變項包括最大肌力、50毫秒發力率、100毫秒發力率及反向跳高度。以單因子相依變異數分析及獨立樣本t檢定比較組內與組間差異，組內差異若達顯著水準以 Bonferroni 法進行事後比較。結果 : DTG 中測與後測之最大肌力顯著優於前測 (p < .01)，中測之50毫秒發力率顯著優於前測 (p < .05)。TPG中測的最大肌力、50毫秒發力率、100毫秒發力率及反向跳高度顯著優於前測 (p < .01)，後測的50毫秒發力率亦優於前測及中測 (p < .01)。組間比較發現 DTG 中測的最大肌力進步率顯著優於TPG(p < .01)，但 TPG 後測的 50毫秒發力率進步率顯著優於 DTG (p < .01)。結論 : 7天與14天的DT與TP均能維持前一期阻力訓練之成果。7天 TP 比7天的 DT有更多力量發展的優勢且 14天TP的 50毫秒發力率達最高進步率。故TP策略比DT策略更有利跆拳道選手專項所需的力量表現。 Purpose: The study was to analyze the effect of detraining (DT) and tapering (TP) after 12-week resistant training on the strength performance of adolescent taekwondo athletes. Methods: 22 active male teenage taekwondo athletes who completed 12 weeks of resistance training were selected as subjects, and were randomly assigned to 11 detraining group (DTG) and 11 tapering group. TPG maintains the training intensity and frequency of the "speed and explosive power training period" in the previous training plan, but the training volume was halved. The pre-test was conducted 48 hours after the end of the previous resistance training cycle, and the mid-test and post-test were conducted on the 7th and 14th days after the pre-test. The dependent variables included maximal strength, 50-ms rate of force development (RFD), 100-ms RFD, and the height of countermovement jump. Repeated measured ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used to compare the differences within and between groups. Bonferroni’s method was used for post-hoc comparison if the differences within groups reached a significant level. Results: In DTG, the maximal strength at the mid-test and post-test was significantly greater than that of the pre-test (p< .01), and the 50-ms RFD at the mid-test was significantly better than that of the pre-test (p < .05). In TPG, the maximal strength, 50-ms RFD, 100-ms RFD, and the height of countermovement jump of the post-test were significantly better than those in the pre-test (p< .01), and the 50-ms RFD was significantly greater than the pre-test and mid-test. Between-group comparisons found that DTG was significantly better than TPG in the improvement of maximal strength (p < .01), but the 50-ms RFD at TPG post-test was significantly better than DTG post-test (p < .01). Conclusions: Both 7-day and 14-day DT and TP can maintain the training effect of pervious resistant training program. The 7-day TP could develop more strength than the 7-day DT, and the 50-ms RFD improved the most in 14-day TP. Therefore, the TP strategy is more beneficial to the strength performance required by taekwondo athletes than the DT strategy. &nbsp

Dynamic combined training is a crucial component in treating musculoskeletal conditions to increase muscle strength and improve functional ability. This randomized control trial aimed to examine the effect of dynamic combined training on muscle strength and contractile rate of force development (RFD) in patients with osteoporosis (OP) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). 58 participants with OP or KOA were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) (CGOP, n = 12; CGKOA, n = 15) or training group (TG) (TGOP, n = 14; TGKOA, n = 17). The training group participated in a 12-week, three-days-per-week supervised program consisting of stretching and warm-up exercises (10 min), hydraulic resistance training (40 min), and cool-down and relaxation exercises (10 min). All participants were evaluated at baseline and post-training. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and contractile RFD at 0–200 ms increased significantly in middle-aged and older patients with OP. As for KOA, the dynamic combined training program was effective in improving the muscle strength. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and contractile RFD at 0–200 ms increased significantly (by 29.22%, P = .000 and 27.25%, P = .019, respectively) in middle-aged and older patients with OP. In the KOA group, MVC and contractile RFD improved but did not reach statistical significance. The dynamic combined training program is effective for health promotion in older adults with OP or KOA.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether whole-body vibration (WBV) combined with extra-load training can enhance the strength and speed of trained athletes compared with isolated WBV training or loaded training (LT) only. Twenty-one elite male track and field athletes were randomly assigned to a loaded vibration (LV) training group (n = 7), an unloaded vibration (ULV) training group (n = 7), and a LT group (n = 7). During 4 weeks of training, the LV group received the vibration stimulus (30 Hz and 4 mm) accompanied by a load comprising 75% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), the ULV group received the same vibration stimulus without any load, and the LT group received only a load of 75% MVC without any vibration stimulus. The knee extensor isometric strength, and the concentric and eccentric strength were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 300°·s at a 30-m sprint speed before and after the training period. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance (time × group) was used to analyze the differences. Significant time × group interactions were observed for all the dependent variables (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the post hoc analysis results, the LV group exhibited significant improvements for all the dependent variables after training (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the ULV group exhibited significantly reduced sprint speeds (p ≤ 0.05). The LV group demonstrated significantly superior eccentric strength compared with the ULV and LT groups after training (p ≤ 0.05), and the LV group also produced significantly superior sprint speeds compared with the ULV group after training (p ≤ 0.05). Vibration combined with extra-load training for 4 weeks significantly increased the muscle strength and speed of the elite male track and field athletes.