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We examined 164 pregnant women who were divided into three groups. Group I included 76 pregnant women (46.4 %) with euthyroid goiter of I–II degree. Group II consisted of 63 pregnant women (38.4 %) with subclinical hypothyroidism and diffuse thyroid goiter of I–II degree. Group III was the controls and consisted of 25 (15.2 %) pregnant women without thyroid pathology. The placenta was studied with the characteristics of ultrasound placentography, placental maturation disorders, the area and localization were determined, and pathological changes in the placental tissue were detected. Changes in the systolic-diastolic ratio in the uterine arteries and umbilical cord arteries were assessed, the resistance index in the uterine arteries, the pulsatile index in the fetal aorta and middle cerebral artery were determined using the method of color Doppler mapping of blood flow in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Study of the echographic picture of structural changes in the placenta revealed a significant impairment of its maturation, especially in the group with euthyroidism. Ultrasound screening revealed that in every second pregnant woman with thyroid disease, the condition of the placenta did not correspond to the gestational age, there were swelling, cysts and placental infarctions, a high frequency of diffuse changes in placental tissue, and hyperechogenic inclusions in the amniotic fluid. An increase in the resistance index in the uterine arteries of pregnant women, especially those with subclinical hypothyroidism, is noteworthy. With increasing gestational age, the peripheral resistance of the placental microvasculature increases due to involutional-dystrophic changes and circulatory disorders, which allows us to develop criteria for the prognosis and diagnosis of placental dysfunction, and to prevent perinatal disorders in pregnant women with thyroid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Thyroid disease is the second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes in pregnancy. Thyroid hormones are crucial for the growth and maturation of many target tissues, especially the brain and skeleton. During critical periods in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal thyroxine is essential for fetal development as it supplies thyroid hormone-dependent tissues. The purpose of the study was to research the features of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in pregnant women with thyroid pathology and determine the frequency of such changes. Materials and methods. The state of bioelectrical activity of the brain was evaluated by electroencephalography in 160 pregnant women with thyroid pathology. The biopotentials of the brain in the subjects were studied with software and hardware complex DX-NT32 (DX Complexes software, Kharkiv, Ukraine) and computer processing of electroencephalography data. Electrodes in the amount of 16 pieces were applied according to the international scheme 10/20 in the bipolar interpretation. Results. Specific changes in electroencephalograms characteristic of each type of thyroid pathology and dependent on its severity were revealed in pregnant women. Acquired disorders adversely affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth in women with thyroid pathology. Increased anxiety with depressive tendencies, reduced general activity, a feeling of depression, anxiety, and low mood were detected in women with thyroid disorders. The identified criteria make it possible to attribute these changes to the manifestations of a pathological neurotic state in conditions of maladaptation, which was confirmed by electroencephalography data. Conclusions. The detected disorders of spontaneous and evoked brain activity indicate the existence of a cerebral basis of psychological stress, which has a qualitative effect on electroencephalography. Acquired disorders negatively affect the course of pregnancy, childbirth, perinatal outcomes, and future development of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]