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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to assess the mid-term results of this specific ultra-short, cementless stem in patients younger than 60 years with regard to clinical and radiographic outcomes, survivorship, complication rate and revisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A consecutive series of one hundred and twenty-one patients (130 hips) younger than 60 years at the time of surgery was enrolled in the study. Primary arthritis (33.8%) and dysplastic hips (30%) were the most common diagnoses. The patients used crutches for 6 weeks to protect femoral components against subsidence and rotational stress. The mean follow-up was 118 months (range 96-156 months). RESULTS At the final evaluation, the mean Harris Hip Score was 98.8. A perioperative periprosthetic fracture occurred in two hips and a perioperative ceramic insert breakage was observed in one hip. One hip had ceramic insert fracture 3.5 years postoperatively. In one hip a dislocation occurred. These two hips (1.5%) were revised due to reasons not associated with the stem. One hip has aseptic asymptomatic polyethylene inlay wear. In two hips squeezing was reported. There were two cases of loosening and migration of stems (1.5%) with osteolysis all around the stems. These patients have moderate thigh pain. The radiological survival is 98.5% and the clinical survival is 100% after 10 years on average. DISCUSSION Although improved clinical results were reported in younger patients with standard cementless stems, some problems still prevail: thigh pain, proximal stress shielding, difficult removal of the stem. In an effort to reduce these problems, Proxima ultra-short anatomical cementless stem was developed. Several studies show that this stem design provides good short- and mid- term results, but only in a limited number of patients and relatively short follow-up. Furthermore, the initial fears of early aseptic loosening due to the absence of diaphyseal fixation were not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Proxima ultra-short anatomical cementless stem provided excellent mid-term clinical and radiographic results in patients younger than 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to present the mid-term results of ultra-short cementless stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe type II developmental dysplasia of the hip. The study consists of 68 patients (75 THAs) with a Proxima stem implanted between 2006 and 2015. The clinical results include Harris Hip Scores. Radiological follow-up reports on stem migration, bony trabecular development and radiolucent lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. The mean age of patients was 48.4 years, with a mean follow-up 114 months. The average Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 45.1 preoperatively to 97.6 at the final evaluation (p < 0.001). Stem migration was observed in five hips (in all of them up to the 6th postoperative month, without any further progression of migration or radiological loosening). Bony trabecular development was detected in modified Gruen zones (1, 2, 4, 6, 7 for Proxima stem): in zone 1 (0%), 2 (49.3.0%), 4 (38.7%), 6 (82.7%), 7 (0%). Radiolucent lines were observed around one cup (DeLee and Charnley zone I) and three stems (none was loose, all three with fibrous stable fixation). Complications were found in three hips (4.0%): intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (threated with cerclage wire) in two hips and squeezing hip in one patient (with perioperative ceramic inlay breakage and exchange). No hip was revised. The implant survival was 100.0% both clinically and radiologically. Observations in the mean follow-up of 114 months show that the results (clinical and radiological) of the Proxima stem in patients with Crowe type II DDH are promising., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The aim of this study is to present the results of single-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) after Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) failure, or secondary posttraumatic osteoarthrosis. From 2003 to 2020, 15 THAs were performed in group of 15 patients for the treatment of DHS failure, or for late complications following femoral neck and pertrochanteric fractures. The mean follow-up period after arthroplasty was 46.9 months (range 7-139). The patients were evaluated retrospectively-both clinically and radiographically, focussing on the demography, infection rate and other complications (revision surgery), during the year 2023. 9 males and 6 females were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.5 years (range 29-93) at the time of primary osteosynthesis. Each of them had proximal femoral fracture treated primarily with a DHS and then late one-stage revision surgery, with hardware removal and THA implantation. The median time between DHS osteosynthesis and THA was 41.2 months (range 4-114). Four patients (26.6%) had complications after THA, with the need for revision in two cases (13.3%). Dislocation rate was 6.6% (one case), with the need for repeated-revision of THA. The infection rate was 6.6% (one patient) with the need for revision of THA. Peroperative periprosthetic femoral fracture was observed in 13.3% (two patients) without any other problems. Six patients (40%) died during the follow-up period. Single-stage total hip arthroplasty with concomitant hardware removal bears a high- mortality rate, with a higher incidence of postoperative complications compared to elective THA., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Mid-term results (clinical and radiographic) of ultra-short anatomical cementless stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has not often been presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate THA using the Proxima stem in patients with ONFH in the mid-term., Methods: The study consists of 73 patients (97 THAs) with a Proxima stem implanted between 2006 and 2015. The mean age of patients was 47.4 years, with a mean follow-up 105.2 months. The clinical results include preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Scores (HHSs). Radiological follow-up reports on stem migration, bony trabecular development and radiolucent lines. The complications and revisions were registered. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine the implant survival., Results: The average HHS improved significantly from 40.3 preoperatively to 98.0 at the final evaluation ( p   ˂  0.0001). Stem migration (subsidence and "varisation") was observed in 11 hips (in 9 of them up to 6th postoperative month without any further progression, in 2 with progressive migration and radiological loosening). Bony trabecular development was detected in modified Gruen zones (1,2,4,6,7 for Proxima stem): in zone 1 (0%), 2 (67.0%), 4 (64.9%), 6 (64.9%), 7 (0%). Radiolucent lines were observed in 1 cup and 6 stems (2 were loose, 4 with fibrous stable fixation). Complications were found in 5 hips (5.1%): squeezing hip once, repeated dislocation in 1, 1 early deep infection, and 2 loose stems. 2 hips (2.1%) were revised (dislocation, infection). The implant survival was 98.9% and 97.9% clinically and radiologically, respectively., Conclusions: Observations in the mid-term show that the clinical and radiological results of the Proxima stem in patients with ONFH are promising. The stem design preserves the proximal femoral bone stock. The bony trabecular appearance confirms physiological proximal femoral load transmission.

Introduction: Total knee replacement is one of the most common surgical methods in diagnosis of end staged osteoarthritis. In this retrospective analysis, we focus on comparison of functional and clinical outcome in patients undergoing unilateral and bilateral replacement within a single surgical procedure., Methods: 54 patients (bilateral 19, unilateral 35) underwent total knee replacement in our clinic participated in the current study. The length of hospital stay was monitored in all patients. Assessment of functional results was based on the WOMAC score, KSS 1, KSS2, range of motion and presence of complications in both groups., Results: Both groups of patients were homogeneous with age, body mass index and sex. The length of hospital stay in the unilateral group was 4.7±1.3 and 5.6±2.0 in the bilateral group. Patients operated on unilaterally achieved flexion of 114.9±9.3 after one year, bilateral group 112.6±8.6, the difference was insignificant. In both groups, there is a significant improvement one year postoperatively at WOMAC, KSS1 and KSS2. Comparing WOMAC, KSS1 and KSS2 between the unilateral and bilateral groups 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively, the differences are insignificant. The revision of implants in two-year follow-up reached 1.5% in unilateral group and 1.4% in bilateral group., Conclusion: Unilateral and bilateral knee joint endoprosthesis implantation is a successful surgical method in orthopedic practice. With conscious selection of patients, bilateral implantation may be more advantageous alternative, as the patient undergoes one operation and the associated risks.

The aim of this study was to present the midterm results of total hip arthroplasty with ultra-short anatomical cementless stem in the primary treatment of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in patients younger 60 years. From 2006 to 2015, 17 hip arthroplasties (with the Proxima stem) were performed in group of 17 patients for the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures Garden type III and IV. The mean follow-up period was 112.7 (range: 64-148) months. Patients were evaluated retrospectively - clinically and radiographically, using the Harris hip scoring system during the year 2020. Seven males and ten females (mean age: 45.0 years) were included in the study. Each of them had one or more risk factors (time delay, comminution of the femoral neck, corticosteroids usage, the presence of coxarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol abuse, etc…), because of which the osteosynthesis was not performed. Harris hip scores were 6.3 preoperatively and 82.9 at the final follow-up. Three patients (17.6%) had complications: luxation, aseptic stem loosening (migration with subsidence - "varisation" and thigh pain) and deep infection. One patient (5.9%) with infection was revised. In carefully selected younger patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture, where the osteosynthesis as first treatment option should be associated with high risk of complication (avascular femoral head necrosis, non-union) due to the presence of risk factors, the primary total hip arthroplasty could be performed. The ultra-short cementless stem offers promising results in these rare cases in the midterm.

Total elbow arthroplasty as a treatment option for open elbow fracture is relatively rare described. We reported a 39 years old polytrauma patient with complex open elbow fracture (Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB). The patient presented with large soft tissues defect on dorsal part of the left elbow, ulnar palsy due to the irreparable loss of the ulnar nerve, distal triceps loss due to the complete loss of the olecranon, loss of both humeral condyles with collateral ligaments and complex elbow instability. Only few similar cases have been published. Reconstructive surgery included repetitive radical debridement, irrigation, vacuum assisted closure system therapy, external fixation, coverage of the soft tissue defect with fascia-cutaneous flap from the forearm. Four months after the injury, total elbow arthroplasty with autologous bone graft (from the proximal radius) inserted in the ulnar component, was performed. At 3 years postoperatively, the patient is able to perform an active flexion from 0° to 110° with full prono-supination. Only passive extension is allowed. The ulnar neuropathy is persistent. Patient has no signs of infection or loosening of the prosthesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2020 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to assess the mid-term results of this specific ultra-short, cementless stem in patients younger than 60 years with regard to clinical and radiographic outcomes, survivorship, complication rate and revisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A consecutive series of one hundred and twenty-one patients (130 hips) younger than 60 years at the time of surgery was enrolled in the study. Primary arthritis (33.8%) and dysplastic hips (30%) were the most common diagnoses. The patients used crutches for 6 weeks to protect femoral components against subsidence and rotational stress. The mean follow-up was 118 months (range 96-156 months). RESULTS At the final evaluation, the mean Harris Hip Score was 98.8. A perioperative periprosthetic fracture occurred in two hips and a perioperative ceramic insert breakage was observed in one hip. One hip had ceramic insert fracture 3.5 years postoperatively. In one hip a dislocation occurred. These two hips (1.5%) were revised due to reasons not associated with the stem. One hip has aseptic asymptomatic polyethylene inlay wear. In two hips squeezing was reported. There were two cases of loosening and migration of stems (1.5%) with osteolysis all around the stems. These patients have moderate thigh pain. The radiological survival is 98.5% and the clinical survival is 100% after 10 years on average. DISCUSSION Although improved clinical results were reported in younger patients with standard cementless stems, some problems still prevail: thigh pain, proximal stress shielding, difficult removal of the stem. In an effort to reduce these problems, Proxima ultra-short anatomical cementless stem was developed. Several studies show that this stem design provides good short- and mid- term results, but only in a limited number of patients and relatively short follow-up. Furthermore, the initial fears of early aseptic loosening due to the absence of diaphyseal fixation were not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Proxima ultra-short anatomical cementless stem provided excellent mid-term clinical and radiographic results in patients younger than 60 years. Key words: total hip arthroplasty, ultra-short cementless anatomical stem.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes (in mid-term) after "shortening" scarf osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal for the treatment of bunionette deformity., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the functional score - American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale, radiographic results - 4th/5th intermetatarsal angle, varus angle of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint and complications in a consecutive series of 34 feet (27 patients) with bunionette. Nine males and 18 females (mean age: 45 years) were included in the study. Three males and four females were operated bilaterally The patients were operated on between 2004 and 2015, and evaluated during 2017., Results: The average AOFAS score improved from 59.4 to 93 at a mean follow-up of 7.2 years. The 4th/5th intermetatarsal angle and varus angle of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint decreased from 13.9°/19.5° preoperatively to 6°/5.9° at final follow-up. No neurovascular damage was recorded. Complications arose in five feet (14.7%): delayed union (n=1), early infection (n=1), distal screw migration (n=1), asymptomatic non-union (n=1), transverse metatarsalgia (n=1). The osteotomy healed within less than three months except twoo (delayed union, non-union). Three feet needed additional surgery: screw removal (n=2), Weil osteotomy of 2nd-4th metatarsals (n=1)., Conclusions: "Shortening" scarf osteotomy is an acceptable, but not complication-free, treatment option for the bunionette deformity and offers promising results in the mid-term., (Copyright © 2019 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this study has been to present outcomes after cementless arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia Crowe type IV of the hip, with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and using the S-ROM stem., Methods: We evaluated radiographs, functional scores and complications in a consecutive series of 23 patients (28 hips) with high dislocation of the hip. The average age of patients at surgery was 49.9 (range 22-68) years. The operations were performed between 2007 and 2013. Patients were assessed retrospectively-clinically and radiographically during the year 2018., Results: The mean follow-up period was 94 (range 60-134) months. The average Harris hip score improved from 39.9 to 84.0. The mean leg length discrepancy decreased from 5 cm preoperatively to 1.4 cm at the final follow-up. All acetabular components were implanted into the true acetabulum, and all prostheses were stable at the latest examination. No neurovascular damage was recorded. We have identified specific complications in seven hips (25%) in total: Intraoperative femoral fracture required fixation in four hips; three hips (10.7%) needed revision: Recurrent dislocation, with the need for cup reorientation, occurred in two hips (in one of them, this was followed by the subsequent need for resection of heterotopic ossification); there was one aseptic stem loosening with the need of one-stage revision. All the osteotomies healed within 8 months., Conclusion: Hip arthroplasty with transverse shortening femoral osteotomy, using S-ROM stem, is an acceptable, but not complication-free treatment method in patients with Crowe type IV developmental hip dysplasia, in the midterm.

We present the case of a 44-year-old patient with spontaneous bilateral ruptures of the proximal part of the patellar ligament. There were no identified specific risk factors for tendon ruptures. The diagnosis of bilateral patellar tendon rupture was confirmed in the initial physical examination with unambiguous x-ray diagnosis of patella alta. The second day after the injury, the patient underwent bilateral reinsertion of the rupture with transosseous suture (FiberWire) through tunnels in patella, together with the protection of the primary repairs using cerclage wires. Due to re-rupture of the patella ligament of the right knee two weeks later, revision procedure was carried out. That consisted of resuture of the tendon by the original method and augmentation using the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Postoperatively, both knees were fixed in orthoses for 12 weeks, flexion to 60° was allowed after 6 weeks, and flexion beyond 90° after 9 weeks. After one year from injury, the patient had an active bilateral full extension. The range of the right knee flexion was 125° and 130° on the left. The range of the right knee flexion was 125° and 130° on the left. The patient subjectively felt his right knee to be more stable. The clinical results of surgical treatment of the bilateral rupture ligamentum patellae tendons depend on early surgical intervention and post-operative rehabilitation. Augmentation of the tendon with autograft, allograft, or synthetic materials is indicated in the case of re-ruptures, late sutures and in cases of deficient quality of the tendon. We found no similar case described either in the Slovak or Czech literature. Key words: knee injuries patellar ligament rupture semitendinosus gracilis reconstruction.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of our retrospective study is to evaluate 5-year functional and radiological outcomes in patients following corrective osteotomy of the distal radius and ulnar osteotomy for malposition after a distal radius fracture, to identify differences in the outcomes of corrective osteotomies depending on the type of the original fracture according to the AO classification, the grade of arthritis of radiocarpal (RC) joint, surgical approach and the way of stabilisation of the osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The followed-up group of 22 patients (8 men and 14 women) underwent osteotomy for malposition of distal radius in the period 2007-2011. The age of patients in the followed-up group ranged from 21 to 72 years, with the mean age of 51 years at the time of surgery. The indications for corrective osteotomy due to distal radius deformity were the following: functional limitation, pain and radiological parameters confirming the deformity. The opening wedge osteotomy of distal radius performed through volar or dorsal approach, isolated shortening osteotomy of ulna and a combination of both the methods were used. The observations included: the original type of fracture according to AO/OTA classification, functional outcomes - Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Wrist Score (MWS), range of motion, grade of wrist arthritis and specific complications. The follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS Average results were obtained in the group of patients before/after the osteotomy: DASH score- 35/14, MWS- 54/77, flexion- 44°/64°, dorsiflexion- 48°/61°, supination- 75°/79°, pronation- 72°/83°, ulnar duction- 20°/23°, radial duction- 9°/16°, grip strength in percentage- 59%/83%. After osteotomy, a statistically significant increase was observed in flexion, dorsiflexion, supination, pronation, radial duction, ulnar duction, grip strength in percentage, MWS, while in the DASH score a statistically significant decrease was reported. Based on the statistical evaluation of differences in functional outcomes after osteotomy, in patients with type A and C original distal radius fractures no difference in range of motion parameters was found after osteotomy. As to the mean values, the flexion and dorsiflexion range of motion was greater by 10° in patients after extra-articular osteotomy for malposition following the type A original fracture as compared to the type C fracture. By measuring the Joint Space High (JSH) ratio, no statistically significant changes were found regarding the progression of arthrosis of the radiolunate and radioscaphoid part of the RC joint as against the arthrosis in patients up to 5 years after corrective osteotomy of the distal radius. In patients with distal radius malposition and RC joint grade 1-2 arthritis according to the Knirk and Jupiter classification, better functional outcomes were achieved than in the limited and total wrist arthrodesis. In our patients, at 5 years after osteotomy no worsening was observed of the existing wrist arthritis and no arthritis was newly diagnosed. Specific complications were found in 4 cases (18.2 %). In 2 patients after radial osteotomy from dorsal approach (extensor tendon irritation, rupture of the long extensor tendon of the thumb), removal of osteosynthesis material was necessary in both the patients. In one patient after the isolated ulnar shortening osteotomy, an intraoperative fissure of distal ulnar fragment was detected, which healed without any further complications. In one patient an iatrogenic fracture of anterior superior iliac spine was observed after harvesting the corticospongious graft from the ala of the ilium. DISCUSSION Corrective osteotomy is a well-established method for treating distal radius deformities following a fracture. Even at present, there are various opinions regarding the indications, contraindications, timing of the surgery, osteotomy technique and the need to use a bone graft. Limited or total wrist arthrodeses in the area of wrist arthrosis and deformities bring good results with respect to the pain relief, but a limited range of motion occurs mainly in younger patients. Bearing this in mind, in grade 1-2 wrist arthritis in patients with distal radius deformities, a better functional outcome can be achieved by osteotomy. By using dorsal or volar approach, comparable outcomes can be obtained, but with the dorsal approach there is higher frequency of complications and the need to remove the osteosynthesis material. CONCLUSIONS Corrective osteotomies resulted in an improved functional outcome in the treatment of deformities after a distal radius fracture. Apart from deformity correction, the treatment has been affected also by the RC joint arthritis. The study confirmed neither statistically significant differences in the osteotomy outcomes in patients with the original type A or type C distal radius fracture according to the AO classification, nor the statistical significance of the RC joint arthritis. Our results have proven better functional outcomes of deformity correction achieved by osteotomy in case of grade 1 and 2 arthritis than by the limited wrist arthrodesis. In patients showing arthritic changes, no progression was reported within five years after the osteotomy. Key words: distal radius fracture, distal radius deformity, osteotomy, functional results.

Preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty includes templating on anteroposterior radiographs. It is necessary to consider radiographic magnification in order to scale templates accurately. Studies dealing with hip templating report different values of radiographic magnification. It is not clear if the observed difference in magnification between the studies is caused by variability in studied groups, methodology or instrumentation. We hypothesize that there is a difference in magnification between clinical workplaces. Within this study, radiographic magnification was estimated on 337 radiographs of patients after total hip surgery from five orthopaedic departments in the Czech Republic. Magnification was determined for each patient as a ratio between diameter of implanted femoral head measured on radiogram and its true size. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in magnification between workplaces (F(4,332) = 132, p≤0.001). These results suggest that radiographic magnification depends on the workplace where it is taken or more precisely on radiographic device. It indicates potential limits in generalizability of results of studies dealing with preoperative planning accuracy to other institutions.

The study was aimed at the clinical and biomechanical analyses of the sliding hip screw breakage with the use of finite element method. We have identified two patients with the sliding screw breakage. In the first patient, the biomechanical analysis revealed the reduced stress values σ HMH not exceeding the yield limit or strength limit of the implant. The yield limit was exceeded in second one. Clinical and biomechanical analyses have demonstrated that adherence to technical requirements of the appropriate osteosynthesis implementation is the principal condition of timely healing since it prevents the material failure.

Purpose: Proximal femoral fractures are among the most commonly sustained fractures. The current treatment of stable proximal femoral fractures located in trochanteric region primarily involves the use of two systems: extramedullary dynamic hip screws and intramedullary hip nails. Given that these fractures are mainly found in the elderly population, the necessity of a repeat, due to failure of the first, may jeopardize the patient's life. Decisive factors contributing to the healing of a fracture (or the failure thereof) include fracture pattern, technical implementation of the operation (i.e., position of the implant), implant's properties and its changes in relation to the surrounding bone tissue during loading. Each screw insertion variant results in damage to various load-bearing bone structures, which can be expected to influence healing quality and stability of newly formed bone., Method: With the aid of a numerical model and finite element methods, the authors analyzed several different positions of IMHN/PFH-nails in the proximal femur, with the objective of determining positions with an increased risk of failure., Results and Conclusion: In model situations, it has been shown that in stable fractures results do not depend on absolutely precise positioning and small deflections in the nails and neck screws positions do not significantly increase the risk of failure for the entire fixation. Damage to load-bearing structures relative to various implant placements does not impact the resultant overall fixation stability. Therefore, it is not necessary to re-introduce implants in the ideal position, which can lead to reduced patient radiation doses during surgery.

The aim of this study was to present the midterm results of modified scarf osteotomy in the treatment of tailor's bunion. From 2004 to 2011, 23 modified scarf osteotomies (with the fifth metatarsal shortening) were performed in group of 18 patients for the treatment of tailor's bunion. The mean follow-up period was 58.8 (range: 24-89) months. Patients were evaluated retrospectively--clinically and radiographically, using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scoring system with weight-beared radiographs at the end of 2013. Five males and thirteen females (mean age: 46.5 years) were included in the study. Two males and three females were operated bilaterally. Average American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scores were 59.8 preoperatively and 92.3 at the final follow-up. Three patients had complications: delayed union, superficial wound infection and distal screw migration. The modified scarf osteotomy in the correction of tailor's bunion offers promising results in the midterm.

Purpose of the Study: Evaluation of a group of patients with coxarthrosis who sustained fractures of the proximal femur and were treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) osteosynthesis., Material and Methods: The group comprised 23 DHS osteosyntheses in 22 patients treated between the years 1997 and 2012. The indication to osteosynthesis in all 23 cases was a stable pertrochanteric fracture of the femur; all patients had grade III or grade IV coxarthrosis (assessed on the Kellgren & Lawrence scale) and their physical health was classified as ASA 3 or 4. Preventive antibiotic therapy was administered within 48 hours of surgery. The evaluated factors included operative time, blood loss, specific complications such as infection, osteosynthetic material fractiure or osteosynthesis failure, requirement of revision surgery, post-operative mobility and patient survival. The follow-up was 2 years., Results: The operative time was 35 min to 85 min (average, 49 min); blood losses ranged from 50 ml to 450 ml (average, 189 ml). Of the 23 hips, infectious complication was found in one (4.3%) and osteosynthetic material fractiure also in one (4.3%). There was no necessity of revision surgery due to osteosynthesis failure, nor any conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Postoperative mobility (with use of walking aids or forearm crutches) was achieved in 17 (77.3%) patients. The average survival of the patients was 6.3 months, the range from 7 days to 3 years., Discussion: DHS osteosynthesis is a reliable method for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures due to osteoporosis. These fractures in patients with coxarthosis are primarily indicated to total hip arthroplasty. However, this is questionable in polymorbid elderly patients in whom hip replacement carries high risk. In such patients DHS osteosynthesis is preferred as a less risky procedure., Conclusions: DHS osteosynthesis is indicated for stable pertrochanteric fractures of the femur in a limited number of patients with advanced coxarthrosis in whom total hip replacement would be associated with an undue risk. The majority of patients after surgery became mobile, but with short-term survival.

Objectives: The study was aimed at the assessment of specific complications depending on the sliding hip screw position., Background: The finite element method in the biomechanical analysis of this implant may be used to predict the mechanical failure due to the screw position., Methods: 380 sliding screw osteosyntheses for stable pertrochanteric fractures of 365 patients were included in the study. We divided and analysed the osteosyntheses with five various screw positions and focused on the specific complications development. For the construction of the finite element model of the femur, the program ABAQUS 6.9 was used. Analyses were performed with evaluation of the bone response to the different screw locations (strain and stress) with maximum low-cycle high stress loading., Results: The specific complication rate was 10 %, with the re-operation rate of 4.2 %. If placing the screw in the middle third of the neck it reduced significantly strain patterns of the plate and screw. A screw position in the superior third of the neck significantly increased the strain of the plate and screw by more than 63 %., Conclusions: The conformity in the clinical and biomechanical analyses was observed. The finite element model can be considered as valid in predicting sliding screw failures (Tab. 4, Fig. 8, Ref. 30).

The author describes a rare case of repetitive reoperation of Dynamic Hip Screw failure due to the pull-out of the plate. An 86-year-old female patient suffered an injury - a pertrochanteric fracture of the left femur which was treated by DHS. After 14 weeks a new fall occurred and caused the DHS to fail - the plate pulled out and all cortical screws were broken. The first reoperation using a six-hole plate was performed. After a year and the patients new fall, a femoral fracture occurred in the area of the distal cortical screw underneath the plate. The DHS was removed, plate osteosynthesis of the femur was performed and the trochanteric fracture healed. No further complications were found, the patient died almost two years after the second reoperation. The biomechanical analysis of this case revealed a stress concentration close to the implant yield limit in the area of the distal cortical screw. Femoral neck screw placement was suitable with regard to the stress distribution. Key words: dynamic hip screw - proximal femoral fractures - osteosynthetic material breakage.

Purpose of the Study: Evaluation of infectious complications in patients with proximal femoral fractures treated by osteosynthesis using dynamic hip screws (DHS)., Material: The group included 501 patients with 532 DHS procedures performed in the years 1996-2010. In 31 patients osteosynthesis was carried out bilaterally., Methods: Osteosynthesis was indicated for femoral neck fracture in 18 hips and for pertrochanteric fracture in 514 hips. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was administered within 48 hours of surgery. The occurrence of infectious complications (surface and deep wound infection), presence of infectious agents, risk factors, and the course of treatment and its outcome were investigated., Results: Of 532 fractures treated by DHS osteosynthesis, seven were infected (1.3%) as follows: one fracture of the femoral neck with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and, of six pertrochanteric fractures, four with Staphylococcus aureus, one with Escherichia coli and one with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Surface wound infection was diagnosed in one case (0.2%) and deep infection in six cases (1.1%). Five revision DHS procedures were carried out in five patients. One or more risk factors were found in each patient with infected DHS. The treatment of infection included wound dressing and abscess drainage without reoperation in two cases, implant removal in three, and implant removal with femoral head resection and spacer insertion in two cases. Second-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed in one case. Of the seven infected fractures, five (71%) healed successfully. DISCUSSION DHS osteosynthesis is a reliable method for treating proximal femoral fractures. The 1.3% infection rate in our group is comparable with other relevant studies. This complication is serious and requires prolonged treatment but is not as devastating as an infected THA. For the treatment of infected DHS osteosynthesis, standard methods from screw removal to second-stage THA were employed., Conclusions: Infectious complications following osteosynthesis with dynamic hip screws are rare events in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated infectious agent. Each infectious complacation was associated with one or more risk factors. Antibiotic prophylaxis is important particularly in patients at risk.

Objective: The aim of the study was to present the long term results of primary tenodesis in the treatment of distal biceps tendon rupture., Methods: Patients previously treated for distal tendon rupture were evaluated. In all cases anatomical reattachment with a single-incision through the anterior approach was performed with either a screw and washer (modified McReynolds technique) or a Mitek Anchor. Analysis was performed using clinical and radiological examination and DASH score at the end of 2011., Results: Twenty-one patients (21 males; mean age: 47.5 years) were treated for distal biceps tendon rupture. Fixation was performed using the modified McReynolds technique in 11 and Mitek Anchor in 10 patients. The McReynold technique had excellent result in 63.6% of patients, a 9.1% risk of implant failure and a mean DASH score of 7.8. The Mitek Anchor technique had excellent result in 60% of patients, a 10% risk of implant failure and a mean DASH score of 7.4., Conclusion: Operative treatment for distal biceps tendon rupture appears to be a safe and effective method and consistently yields good results.

Introduction: In the literature, there are only few articles about the metal breakage after the Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) osteosynthesis. We have evaluated our group of patients focusing on these specific complications., Material and Methods: We have evaluated a group of 428 patients (321 female and 107 male subjects) who underwent a total of 456 135 degrees 1"-collar DHS osteosyntheses, for primary proximal femoral fractures. The patients were aged 82.3 years on average, the procedures were performed during 1996-2009. We focused on the ostesynthetic material breakage (K-wire, sliding screw, hip plate, cortical screws). The follow-up period was 2 years., Results: Out of 16 DHS used for intracapsular femoral neck fractures, metal breakage was recorded in one case (6.25%)-(K-wire) and no reoperation was required. Out of a total of 436 DHS procedures performed for stable pertrochanteric fractures, metal breakage complications were recorded in 8 cases (1.8%)-(3 times K-wire, 3 times cortical screws, 2 times sliding screw), and reoperation was indicated in 4 cases (2 times sliding screw, 2 times cortical screws). Out of a total of 4 DHS procedures used for subtrochanteric fractures, osteosynthetic material breakage was recorded in two cases (50%)-(1 times K-wire, 1 times cortical screws) and no reoperation was required. No cases of hip plate breakage were recorded. Out of a total of all 456 DHS procedures metal breakage was recorded in 11 cases in total (2.4%), reoperation was required in 4 cases (0.9%)., Conclusion: In the literature, the authors found only several articles related to the osteosynthetic material breakage after DHS surgery. Correct indication and operation technique can reduce occurence of this specific complication and the reoperation rates. In future, the authors plan to employ computer modelling methods and biomechanic analysis.

Introduction: In the literature, there are only few articles about urologic complications after total knee arthroplasty. We have evaluated our group of patients focusing on urethral catheter as a risk factor for urologic complications after the replacement., Material and Method: We have evaluated a group of 236 patients (143 female and 93 male subjects) aged 71.3 years on average, after primary total knee arthroplasty in 2008-2009, focusing on urologic complications of the patients. Permanent catheter was introduced in all the subjects after the operation. The group of patients was evaluated at end of 2010. We have evaluated urologic complications, the period of time the catheter was in place and analyzed the risk factors one year after the operation., Results: The incidence of urologic complications is 19.4% in men and 6.3% in women. The average duration of catheterization was 4 days, and 7 days in patients with complications. 126 patients (53.4%) had their catheter introduced for up to 4 days, out of whom complications occured in 5 (4%) patients. 110 patients (46.4%) were catheterized for over 4 days, and in this subgroup, complication occured in 23 (21%) subjects. IPSS is 8, on average, in complications 12/35, on average. A total of 5 patients were unsatisfied (2.1%). The combination of male gender with catheterization for over 4 days, is the main risk factor for urologic complications., Conclusion: In the literature the authors found only several articles related to urologic complications after the knee arthroplasty focused on postoperative urinary retention and the catheter. The risk factor is increased duration of catheterization, male gender and, partially, positive urologic anamnesis. There is a posibility to use ,,safe catheter" in the risky patients in future.

Joint dislocation after total knee arthroplasty is a rare complication. It is described as the result of ligamentous instability. Here we report the case of an 82-year-old women who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for advanced primary grade III gonarthrosis. At 3 post-operative months the joint was stable and painless, with radiographic evidence of good TKA alignment and integration. At 4 months the patient suffered injury to the ankle involving a bimalleolar fracture and damage to knee soft tissues. The fracture was surgically treated. Subsequently, dorsal tibial dislocation was manifested. This was managed by individual intramedullary nail arthrodesis. At 8 months following the operation, the knee condition was satisfactory, with rigid arthrodesis and leg shortening of 4 cm. The patient was satisfied because she was free of pain and able to walk. Arthrodesis of the knee joint with an individual nail is an option for a definitive treatment of TKA instability. When other joints, such as ankle or hip joints, are injured, it is recommended to pay attention also to any TKA implanted previously because of potential development of instability or infection.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To present the results of surgical repair of ruptures of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and thus show the adequacy of this treatment. MATERIAL Between 1987 and 2006, 19 patients had surgery for distal biceps tendon rupture. Only one side was affected in each patient. All patients were men between 28 and 69 years (average age, 47.5 years) at the time of injury (surgery). When the patients were evaluated at the end of 2007, 18 patients were included, because one died a year after surgery. METHODS The surgical repair always included a single-incision anatomical reattachment into the radial tuberosity. In 11 patients, a modified Mac Reynolds method with screw and washer fixation was used; in seven patients the insertion was fixed with Mitek anchors and, in one, it was sutured to the adjacent soft tissues. The average follow-up was 7 years (range, 1 to 20.5 years). The patients were evaluated for the cause of injury, their physical activity, age, dominance of the injured arm, surgical procedure and complications. RESULTS In 18 patients surgical repair was done early and, in one, at 16 days after injury. In all of them the tendon was detached from its site of insertion, but never torn. The intra-operative complications included, in one patient, bleeding owing to iatrogenic damage to a branch of the brachial artery, and difficult separation of the tendon due to its previous healed injury in another patient. Early post-operative complications included superficial skin necrosis in one patient and transient neurological deficit of the dorsal brand of the radial nerve and of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm in two and one patient, respectively. The late complications were heterotropic ossification in three patients and screw migration in the one treated by the Mac Reynolds method. Excellent results were recorded in 11 patients (61 %), and good outcomes with a slight restriction of motion or muscle strength not limiting the patient's physical activities were in six (33.5 %) patients; only one patient (5.5 %) experienced pain on moderate exercise and had recurrent heterotropic ossification. Apart from this condition, there was no difference in the frequency of complications associated with the method used. DISCUSSION Only sparse information on distal biceps tendon ruptures has been available in the relevant Czech literature and, if so, only small groups with short follow-ups have been involved. Conservative treatment or the methods of non-anatomical reattachment have poor functional outcomes. Much better results are achieved by anatomical reattachment. Based on our experience with the Mac Reynolds technique, an anterior single-incision approach using fixation with Mitek anchors can be recommended. CONCLUSIONS Early surgical repair involving anatomical reattachment from the anterior singleincision approach with two Mitek anchors is recommended when a rupture of the distal tendon insertion of the biceps brachii is diagnosed. Key words: biceps radii muscle, biceps tendon injury, tendon fixation, bone screw and washer use.

Purpose of the Study: To present the results of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with use of the hemispheric threaded Ultima cup at 8.5-year follow-up., Material: Between 1996 and 1999, a total of 40 Ultima acetabular components were used in 33 patients (15 men and 18 women). The average age at the time of surgery was 61.2 years (range, 45 to 71). By the end of 2006, 36 cups were assessed. Indications for the primary THA procedure included primary arthritis in 32 hips, post-traumatic arthritis in three, post-dysplastic arthritis in two, femoral neck fracture in two and rheumatoid arthritis in one., Methods: The average follow-up was 8.5 years (range, 7 to 10). The indication criteria for primary implantation were evaluated, i.e., body mass index, patients' activity and their age. THA outcome was evaluated on the basis of clinical rating (Harris hip score) and pain assessment and on radiographic findings on which the acetabulum before and cup position after THA were compared, and potential changes in cup position, acetabular cup loosening or para-articular ossifications were observed., Results: Good outcomes were found in 88.9 % of the hips. In most, cup position was satisfactory. One acetabular component was implanted in a varus position (34 degrees ). An intraoperative complication included fracture of the greater trochanter, which was left untreated for spontaneous healing. The early-postoperative complications were one dislocation, two wounds with serous secretion not requiring revision surgery, and one large haematoma. Stem fracture as a late complication was recorded in two THAs. Radiolucencies were found in six hips and paraarticular ossifications in four. Migration of the cup with protrusion into the acetbulum occurred in one patient 3 years after THA. Four cups showed aseptic loosening within 3 to 7 years of surgery. No infection was recorded in this THA group., Discussion: Information on mid- and long-term outcomes of the use of cementless acetabular cups in the relevant literature is sparse. The Ultima cup is dealt with only in the report by Pazdírek et al., whose results are in agreement with ours, but involve a lower number of implanted cups and a shorter follow-up. In this study, loosening was recorded only in cups larger than 32 mm in diameter. In comparison with our group of cementless BMT acetabular components, the use of cementless Ultima cups gives better results at mid-term follow-up., Conclusions: At 8.5-year follow-up, 88.9 % of the Ultima acetabular components were without radiographic signs of loosening. Attention should be paid primarily to THA patients with a thin wall acetabulum requiring a larger cup and a 32-mm liner.