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Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is the optimal nutrition for premature and sick infants hospitalized at neonatal care units, because of its association with a reduction of morbidity and mortality rates during and after hospitalization. By estimating prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) can help to delineate strategies to foster it s practice. Objective: To determine prevalence of EBF in a neonatal care unit of a public pediatric hospital. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional design on a non-probabilistic sample of 177 hospitalized infants throughout the period of May to October 2014. Results: The prevalence of EBF was 3.4%. The mixed feeding had the highest (71.8%) prevalence, while 24.9% received only formula (p< 0.01). A significant difference in EBF was observed according to the neonatal unit where the patient was hospitalized. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF in this study was below the WHO recommendations. Strategies that may increase the prevalence of EBF is to strengthen the training of health personnel in contact with infants and to improve the adherence to international policies that have been recommended for Baby-Friendly hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal and child malnutrition represents a public health problem in Mexico Primary care (PC) is responsible for introducing women and children under five to the health system, detecting diseases on time, and providing medical services, including pharmacological treatment if necessary. Providing these services with quality is essential to improve maternal and child health. This study evaluated the quality of nutritional care during preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, infancy, and preschool age at the PC health units across six Mexican states between 2020 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed approach in units of the Secretary of Health to assess the quality of nutritional care during preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, childhood, and preschool age. The level of quality was calculated by the percentage of compliance with 16 indicators that integrated a Quality Index of Maternal and Child Nutritional Care (ICANMI, by its Spanish acronym). Compliance by indicator, by life stage, and overall was categorized using the following cut-off points: poor quality (≤ 70%), insufficient quality (71-89%), and good quality (≥ 90%). The perceptions of the barriers and facilitators that affect maternal and child nutrition were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with health professionals (HP) and users. All qualitative instruments were developed with a gender and intercultural perspective. Results: Considering the whole sample studied, maternal and child nutritional care quality during the five life stages evaluated was bad (compliance: ≤12%), reflected in the ICANMI, which had a compliance of 8.3%. Principal barriers identified to providing high-quality nutritional care were the lack of knowledge and training of health professionals, shortages of equipment, medicine, personnel, and materials, the disappearance of the social cash transfer program Prospera, the absence of local indigenous language translators to support communication between doctor and patient, and the persistence of machismo and other practices of control over women. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for initiatives to improve the quality of nutritional care in PC facilities across Chihuahua, State of Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatan. It is necessary for government and health authorities, along with various stakeholders, to collaboratively devise, implement, and assess intercultural and gender-oriented policies and programs geared towards ensuring the health infrastructure and enhancing the training of health professionals to diagnose and treat the prevalence and occurrence of diverse forms of malnutrition in both maternal and child populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The practice of breastfeeding in neonatology service is poor producing a high number of discharged newborns are feeding with infant formula. We need to educate mothers of hospitalized newborns on extraction techniques, storage and the advantages of breastfeeding. Material and Methods: A study of educational intervention to improve the practice of breastfeeding, during the period February 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014 which was observational, descriptive and included all newborn who enters the NICU was performed at the Children Hospital of the State of Sonora (HIES), type of enteral feeding initiated and later at hospital discharge was recorded, an audiovisual workshop on breastfeeding and information leaflets for mothers of hospitalized patients was developed, emphasizing the advantages breastfeeding in the short and long term, as well as its storage and extraction techniques, information after we applied a test to assess the level of acquired knowledge. Results: A total of 9 audiovisual training workshops were held with a total of 84% attendance and passing grades of 92%, 115 patients admitted to the NICU during the period of study, after the educational intervention were included, feeding human milk increased to 48.5%, 13.6% with mixed feeding with infant formula 23.2% and 14.7% were fasted for secondary critical medical order, feeding patients at hospital discharge was 21.8% human milk, fasting physician 14.7%, 37.1% mixed feeding, infant formula 26.4%, with an increase of 203% human milk feeding compared with the survey conducted before the educational intervention of breastfeeding. Conclusion: The significant increase in human milk feeding in the neonatal care through educational intervention by health staff through workshops and audiovisual educational materials related to breastfeeding success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]