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Evey Howley,1 E Graham Davies,1 Alexandra Y Kreins1,2 1Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 2Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, UKCorrespondence: Alexandra Y Kreins, Email a.kreins@ucl.ac.ukAbstract: Inborn errors of thymic stromal cell development and function which are associated with congenital athymia result in life-threatening immunodeficiency with susceptibility to infections and autoimmunity. Athymic patients can be treated by thymus transplantation using cultured donor thymus tissue. Outcomes in patients treated at Duke University Medical Center and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) over the past three decades have shown that sufficient T-cell immunity can be recovered to clear and prevent infections, but post-treatment autoimmune manifestations are relatively common. Whilst thymus transplantation offers the chance of long-term survival, significant challenges remain to optimise the outcomes for the patients. In this review, we will discuss unmet needs and offer practical guidance based on the experience of the European Thymus Transplantation programme at GOSH. Newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and routine use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have improved early recognition of congenital athymia and increasing numbers of patients are being referred for thymus transplantation. Nevertheless, there remain delays in diagnosis, in particular when the cause is genetically undefined, and treatment accessibility needs to be improved. The majority of athymic patients have syndromic features with acute and chronic complex health issues, requiring life-long multidisciplinary and multicentre collaboration to optimise their medical and social care. Comprehensive follow up after thymus transplantation including monitoring of immunological results, management of co-morbidities and patient and family quality-of-life experience, is vital to understanding long-term outcomes for this rare cohort of patients. Alongside translational research into improving strategies for thymus replacement therapy, patient-focused clinical research will facilitate the design of strategies to improve the overall care for athymic patients.Keywords: athymia, thymus transplantation, immunodeficiency, DiGeorge syndrome, SCID, rare diseases, quality of life

Summary: One of the major challenges facing cloud computing is to accurately predict future resource usage to provision data centers for future demands. Cloud resources are constantly in a state of flux, making it difficult for forecasting algorithms to produce accurate predictions for short times scales (ie, 5 minutes to 1 hour). This motivates the research presented in this paper, which compares nonlinear and linear forecasting methods with a sequence prediction algorithm known as a recurrent neural network to predict CPU utilization and network bandwidth usage for live migration. Experimental results demonstrate that a multitime‐ahead prediction algorithm reduces bandwidth consumption during critical times and improves overall efficiency of a data center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]