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1. Price-list of select dahlias, 1917 /

Author

W.L. Howlett (Firm), Howlett, W. L., Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, W.L. Howlett (Firm), Howlett, W. L., and Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection

Subjects
Dahlias, Flowers, Norfolk, Nursery stock, Prices, Selection, Varieties, Virginia
Published
1917

10. 42RISK FACTORS FOR HIV-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER IN OLDER PEOPLE IN NORTHERN TANZANIA

Author

Eaton, P, primary, Kellet-Wright, J, additional, Flatt, A, additional, Paddick, S M, additional, Irwin, C, additional, McCartney, J, additional, Thornton, J, additional, Yarwood, V, additional, Duinmaijer, A, additional, Kisoli, A, additional, Urasa, S, additional, Howlett, W, additional, Walker, R, additional, Dotchin, C, additional, and Gray, W K, additional

Published
2017
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21. Human retroviruses HTLV-I, HIV-1 and HIV-2 and neurological disease in some equatorial areas of Africa

Author

de-The, G., Giordano, C., Gessain, A., Howlett, W., Sonan, T., Akani, F., Rosling, H., Carton, H., Mouanga, Y., Caudie, C., Stenger, F., and Malone, G.

Subjects
HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, Peripheral nerve diseases -- Causes of, HTLV-I (Virus) -- Demographic aspects, HIV (Viruses) -- Demographic aspects, Peripheral nerve diseases -- Africa, HIV infection -- Africa, Retrovirus infections -- Demographic aspects, Health
Abstract

The role of the human retroviruses HTLV-I, HIV-1, and HIV-2 in neurological diseases in Equatorial Africa was examined over a 18-month period, from July 1986 to January 1988. These three viruses are endemic in this area. HTLV-I, HIV-1 and HIV-2 are known to infect nerve cells and are associated with many psychiatric neurological disorders including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), myelopathies (diseases of the spinal cord) and neuropathies (disorders of the peripheral nerves). Patients were examined for the presence of antibodies against these viruses. A total of 460 patients with neurological disorders were examined, including 94 with epidemic spastic paraparesis (ESP) from Zaire and Tanzania, 26 patients with sporadic spastic paraparesis (SSP), and 21 cases of tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) from the Ivory Coast, the Congo, and Tanzania. None of the patients with ESP or TAN had antibodies against the retroviruses. Four of the 26 patients with SSP had high levels of antibodies against HTLV-1. One of four patients with tropical spastic paraparesis had antibodies against HIV-1. Among the 319 patients with other neurological disorders, five (1.6 percent) had antibodies against HTLV-I, 32 (10 percent) had antibodies against HIV-1, and 14 (4.4 percent) had antibodies against HIV-2. There was a number of patients who had antibodies to more than one of the retroviruses, indicating combined infections. This study indicates that the retroviruses HTLV-I, HIV-1, and HIV-2 may be a significant cause of neurological diseases in Africa. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1989

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