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Introduction: Meeting the family needs of patients in intensive care units is challenging for healthcare providers. The critical illness of one family member affects the wellbeing of other family members, causing changes in the life of the whole family. This study aimed to assess nurses' perspectives of the family needs of the critically ill maternal patient and to provide an educational program to nurses about these family needs. Methods: A Pre-posttest design was used. The study was conducted in the obstetric intensive care unit at Women's Health Hospital at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. A convenient sample of 28 was recruited from the total 35 female nurses of the Women’s Health Hospital’s ICU. Results: There was a significant relationship between the sociodemographic items and family needs at P=0.00. There was also a statistically significant relationship between support needs, working hours, and years of experience at P

Background: Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is commonly present in critically ill patients. Where the trigger mechanism of preeclampsia is related to increase abdominal hypertension. Aim: Monitoring the intra-abdominal pressure for early detection of preeclampsia among pregnant women. Design: A quasi-experiment clinical practice research. Methods: a sample of 60 pregnant women divided into an intervention group included a total of 30 patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and 30 normotensives as a control group. Setting: The study conducted at obstetric ICU and emergency unit, woman's Health Hospital, Upper Egypt. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between intra-abdominal pressure and preeclampsia and its clinical feature. The risk factors' effects on intra-abdominal pressure, such as age and gravidity, have no statistically significant relationship. Conclusions: The study confirms that the range of intra-abdominal pressure in the preeclamptic group significantly higher than the normotensive group, and there is a positive correlation between elevated IAP and preeclamptic complications. Relevance to clinical practice: Applied continuous nursing monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure for all critical patients in the obstetric field is an essential part of nursing care to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome and organ complications.

COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value

Background: Warm compress is believed to reduce perineal tear occurrence and decrease pain intensity during the second stage of childbirth.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 28 September 2018 to 30 October 2018 in King Khaled Hospital (KKH), affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Hospital Affairs, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Western Region, Saudi Arabia. According to eligibility criteria, the sample randomly recruited through lottery included 100 primigravida pregnant women, with 50 in each intervention and control group. Data were presented in the form of frequency and percentages, standard deviation, and mean. Chi-square test was used for data analysis, with p-value significance at ˂ 0.05.Results: Sociodemographic data revealed no statistically significant difference in the age, education, occupation, and residence of both the control and experimental group. The perineum area’s pain intensity after birth showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups (p = 0.001). The perineal tear was also significantly different between both groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The applied warm compresses on the perineum area positively reduce second and third-degree perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor and after childbirth. Therefore, midwives and nurses are expected to actively provide effective planned in-service training programs regarding warm compresses' advantages in the second stage of labor and apply this procedure actively.

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity has a significant impact on obstetrics practice regarding maternal and perinatal complications includes recurrent miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and prolonged labor. Objective: To assess the impact of obesity on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among Saudi women. Methods: The study was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah. Design: A cross-sectional retrospective design. A total number of 186 participants were recruited from July to December 2018 according to eligibility criteria. The data were collected retrospectively by a review of the chart records of the labor and delivery department. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 31.94 (5.67) years old, two-thirds were in obesity class I. There was a significant association between obesity and pre-existing thyroid disease and induced hypertension class III. However, episiotomy showed that obesity class III was significantly different from obesity class II. Conclusion: This study concludes obesity affects the outcomes of pregnant Saudi associations between obesity and preeclampsia, perineal tears, and episiotomy variables, and other variables reflect no associations. Recommendations: Further studies are needed to generalize the results. This study endorses the pregnant women start the antenatal follow-up from 1st trimester so, the data will be available on the system for research.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with an estimated 569,847 new cases. Cervical cancer ranks as the 13th leading cause of female cancers and is the 10th most common cancer in women aged 15 to 44 years in Egypt with the incidence of new cases 969 diagnosed in 2018. The study aimed to between the young and older married women regarding their knowledge and beliefs about Cervical Cancer. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational design used to examine relationships between women’s age and their knowledge level about cervical cancer. The study conducted at Woman’ health Hospital. The data collected by Awareness of the Cervical Cancer Questionnaire. Results: A total of Three hundred and eighty-nine (n=389) married women completed the survey questionnaire. Knowledge level reflected the correct answers were higher among young groups versus inadequate among the older group and revealed statistical significance difference. Conclusion: The participants' low knowledge level indicated the urgent need for focus on cervical cancer prevention programs for all age groups and activates the early detection program of cervical cancer to avoid the increase in incidence rate.

INTRODUCTION. The most common cause of eating non-food items (pica) is specific deficiencies of minerals, such as iron. This study aimed to assess the relationship between Pica and Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women. METHODS. The study was conducted in the out-patient department, antenatal Clinic at East Jeddah Hospital from July to September 2020. Design: A quantitative descriptive correlation design. Sample size: A total of 400 pregnant women, included anemic pregnant women, ≥ 18 years old, with singleton fetus and iron deficiency anemia. RESULTS. The mean age was 32.2 ± 6.6, half of the participants reported food cravings. Ice was the main item in pica followed by clay and chalk. Two-thirds had pica, more than half during the 1st trimester. There is a statistically significant relationship between pica and the history of a family member, parity, and gravidity at (P< 0,001, P

Background: Preconception care interventions are directed toward the promotion of women’s health and well-being before pregnancy. Aim: To evaluate an educational preconception program on empowering the Egyptian premarital women with the concept of self-efficacy and locus of control behaviors. Methods: A quasi-experimental, quantitative, (pre/ post one group) research design was used with 84 premarital females recruited conveniently from five primary health care centers located at Port- Said City, Egypt. Data collection: By using 2 main tools which were locus of control scale, and the self-efficacy of diet and physical exercises used to assess self-efficacy of adults for diet (fat, salt) and exercise. Results: Total mean of women age was 23.26 ± 4.2, majority were bachelor’s degree of education, and unemployed. A highly statistically significant difference was reported between pre and post total mean score of internal and external locus of control, self-efficacy of eating healthy foods and motivation behavior related physical exercises at p-value < 0.000. Conclusion: The application of preconception educational intervention had a positive effect on empowering a sense of locus of control and self-efficacy behaviors among studied participants, which evidenced by a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test of multidimensional locus of control through improving their self-efficacy regarding eating and exercises. Recommendation: Incorporate of preconception educational programs to be an integral part of the services provided by PMCs and to ensure the dissemination of information related to locus of control behaviors, healthy lifestyles and motivation behavior of regular physical exercises that warrant the improvement of reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes for future Egyptian mothers.

In low-resource settings, the dearth of national screening programmes, lack of equipment and skilled technicians led to limitation of women’ access to cytology screening programmes. For that bridging the human resource gap with using low-cost methods have been implemented for screening, where resourceful visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by trained nurses and doctors is the most common approach. Aim:to assess the efficacy of training program on early detectionof cancer cervix using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by nurses compared to junior clinicians. Setting: It was conducted at early detection clinic for cervical cancer in Women’s Health Hospital (WHH) at Assiut University, Egypt. Design:Quasi-experimental research design.Participants: A total of 100 eligible women who fulfilled the selection criteria underwent VIA done by 20 nurses and junior clinicians (10 for each). Tools: Three tools used: A structured interview; Pre-posttest Cervical Cancer knowledge Questionnaire and Observation Checklist. Method:A three weeks of intensive VIA training program for 20 nurses and clinicians prior start in clinical examination of the participants, the findings of VIA were interpreted independently. A colposcopy was carried out by a gynecologist blinded to the results of VIA and a directed biopsy was taken if indicated. Results: The findings delineated an improvement in knowledge concerning cancer cervix for both nurses and junior clinicians with no significant difference between both of them. For accuracy the nurse VIA had shown good diagnostic rate equivalent to clinician VIA as compared to colposcopy.Conclusion & Recommendation:Nurses had reasonable knowledge concerning cervical cancer as well as junior clinicians and with proper intensive training nurses can perform VIA test with acceptable accuracy regarding most steps of VIA with high sensitivity and specificity to clinicians in addition to the availability during their schedule work compared to clinicians.An intensive training and periodic reinforcement sessions are needed to slightly limit the false positive predictive value among nurses.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication of pregnancy that affects various aspect of the woman’s health, including electrolytes and kidney function, and may have adverse fetal consequences. Recent researches now provide additional guidelines for protection and relief from hyperemesis gravidarum. Alterations to maternal diet and lifestyle can have protective effects. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of nutritional guidelines on pregnant women health statues outcome .Research design: Quasi experimental (pre & post) test in this study Setting: This study was conducted in obstetric and gynecological departments, antenatal units at police Hospital in Asyut city. Sample: convenience sample consisted of (30) pregnant women, Tools: two tools was used (1) a structured interview questionnaire. (2) Guidelines brochure. Results: highly statically significant difference between pregnant women condition in first and second week in their number of meals per day (p V=0.001). Gain weight (p V= 0.001) Number of vomiting per day (p V= 0.120). Conclusion and Recommendations: We conclude that nutritional guidelines during (HG) can be used as an alternative means in addition to standard, antiemetic therapy the study recommends focused on establishing plans for periodical and scheduled training course and educational program for nurses to help improving their knowledge.

The rising prevalence of obesity has a significant impact on obstetrics practice regarding maternal and perinatal complications includes recurrent miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and prolonged labor. Objective: To assess the impact of obesity on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among Saudi women. Methods: The study was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah. Design: A quantitative research, cross-sectional retrospective design. A total number of 186 participants were recruited from July to Dec.2018 according to eligibility criteria. The data were collected retrospectively by a review of the chart records of the labor and delivery department. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 31.94(5.67) years old; two-thirds were in obesity class1. There was a significant association between obesity and pre-existing thyroid disease and induced hypertension class3. However, Episiotomy showed that obesity class3 was significantly different from obesity class2. Conclusion: This study concludes obesity affects the outcomes of pregnant Saudi associations between obesity and preeclampsia, perineal tears, and episiotomy variables, and other variables reflect no associations. Recommendations: Further studies are needed to generalize the results. This study endorses the pregnant women start the antenatal follow-up from 1st trimester so, the data will be available on the system for research.

Background The abundance of easy and accessible information and the rapid development of social networking sites (SNSs) have proven that the world is small and within reach. The great implication of this interconnectivity is attributable to the change in the learning and sharing environment, which for the most part is something that classrooms are lacking. Considering the potential implications of SNSs in nursing education reveals the benefits of SNSs in allowing students to communicate and interact with a wider audience and beyond the classroom. The aim of this study is to identify the extent of SNS utilization, the perceived benefits of SNSs and the potential of SNSs for improving the study habits of nursing students in five countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, the Philippines and Turkey). Methods This study is a quantitative cross-sectional study that determined the relationship between the utilization of SNSs, the perceived benefits of SNSs, and the potential of SNSs for improving the study habits of nursing students in the five participating countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, the Philippines, and Turkey). This paper is based on carefully analysing the survey responses of a sample of 1137 students from an online hosting site. The online instrument focuses on the extent of the utilization and benefits of SNSs according to their accessibility, usability, efficiency and reliability. Results Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) our findings, reveal a significant positive correlation between the extent of a possible improvement in study habits and the extent of SNS utilization in terms of the four domains, namely, accessibility (r = 0.246), usability (r = 0.377), reliability (r = 0.287) and efficiency (r = 0.387). Conclusion It can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between students’ study habits and the extent of SNS utilization, meaning that the more students devote themselves to their study habits, the higher the level of SNS utilization. The use of SNSs by nursing students has positive and negative implications, and there is greater potential for further improving approaches to nursing education through the adaptation of curricula based on the proper utilization of SNSs.

Background Nursing student life is stressful as a result of the work they exert to learn concepts ranging from basic to complicated issues and health concerns for maintaining overall human health. Hence, assessing the quality of life (QOL) of nursing students is important to determine if they have excellent well-being levels as they go through the learning process. Objectives This study measured and compared QOL of respondents by country of residence, and identified the QOL predictors of students. Design Descriptive, cross-sectional design. Settings A multi-country study conducted in Chile, Egypt, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Kenya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United States of America. Participants A convenience sample of 2012 Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students. Methods A self-administered questionnaire containing demographic characteristic items and the World Health Organization QOL-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to gather data from respondents. Results The highest overall QOL was recorded in the physical health domain, whereas the lowest was in the social health domain. The perceived highest and lowest QOL dimension varied between countries. Age, country of residence, and monthly family income showed statistically significant multivariate effect on the aspects of QOL. Conclusions Considering their stressful lives, the present study underscores the importance of ensuring the highest level of well-being among nursing students. The maintenance of high levels of well-being among nursing students should also be prioritized to maximize their learning and ensure their satisfaction in their student life.

Background: The paperless partogram refers to monitoring progress of labor and arriving at an accurate decision for intervention to ensure safe delivery. It needs no graph paper, no extra time to do it. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of using the paperless partograph versus the original partograph on labor outcomes in Women's Health Hospital. Sampling : Random sample of 370 participants. Setting: The study was conducted from April 15th , 2016 to September 30 th , 2016 in Women Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, at reception (emergency ) unit. Design method: quesi-experimental design. Study subjects: This study was randomly assign women into 2 groups. Group (1): was allocated to modified WHO partograph and Group (2): was allocated to paperless partograph. Results : Comparison between studied groups as regards time taken for first stage and second stage revealed a statistical significant difference at P. value (

Maternal deaths remain high, numbers at the facility level are relatively low. Aim To evaluate effect of management guidelines on occurrence of maternal near miss in Women's Health Hospital. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting ICU of Women's Health Hospital's at Assiut Main University Hospital and Al-fayoum University Hospital. Subjects Convenient sample of 93 maternal near-miss cases including (Pregnancy or postpartum complications). Tool audit the applied critical care for severe condition related to obstetric complications and consist of three parts: Patient's demographic data, Audit of critical care and “Maternal near-miss” Fate. Data collected during a period of 1/3/2015 to 30/8/2015 for management guidelines and maternal outcomes. Results A statistical significant differences between the medical management and occurrence of sever maternal complications such as (severe postpartum hemorrhage, severe pre-eclampsia, Sepsis or severe systemic infection, uterine hemorrhage, ruptured uterus) (P = 0.000, P = 0.031, P = 0.036, P = 0.052, P = 0.012 respectively). Conclusions The maternal management guidelines was a successful tool in recording the gap between the current received management and standards management guidelines in ICU. Also they measure the effect of current management in ICU on maternal mortality and morbidity.

Many investigators reported that pharmacological treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been a promising field yet to be explored. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a topical cream containing small concentrations of three vasodilators with different mechanisms of action in treating FSD.In this randomized, controlled pilot trial, premenopausal (n = 30) and postmenopausal (n = 30) cases of 21- to 62-year age range with FSD were allocated randomly into 15 given placebo or 15 given active cream in each group. The women included had FSD for more than a 6-month duration and a total score of Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised of at least 15. Assessing sexual function by measuring female sexual function index (FSFI) during five clinic visits, one at the end of baseline week and at the end of each week of the 4-week treatment period. The primary end point was changed from baseline FSFI total scores to week 4 treatment. Secondary end point included the changes from baseline arousal, desire, orgasm, and satisfaction scores to week 4 treatment.The sexual problem reported by patients was orgasmic or/and arousal disorders. In premenopausal cases, active cream led to a high significant increase in mean change FSFI total score from the baseline to week 4 compared with placebo (1.7 ± 1.886 vs 13.35 ± 4.646, respectively; P0.0001). Greater improvement of mean change of orgasm and arousal domain score was also observed (0.3 ± 0.45 and 0.35 ± 0.39 vs. 2.66 ± 0.63 and 1.87 ± 0.168, respectively; P0.0001). In postmenopausal cases, there were significantly greater improvements with active cream in all sexual functions compared with placebo cream (P0.0001). In triple cream, mean change of FSFI total score, orgasm domain score, and arousal score domain were 14.85 ± 6.33, 1.87 ± 0.168 and 2.66 ± 1.182, whereas in the placebo cream, they were 1.54 ± 2.1,0.7 ± 0.76 and 0.22 ± 0.44, respectively. Meanwhile, orgasm scores increased significantly after the use of placebo cream. No serious adverse effects were reported during treatment.The results of the pilot trial suggest that topical cream containing small concentrations of three vasodilators may act synergistically, and was effective in improving arousal, orgasmic, and satisfaction disorder with a safer profile for premenopausal and postmenopausal women with FSD. Further studies are recommended to be conducted using a large number of nondepressive and depressive patients.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common medical disorder disturbing pregnancies particularly in low resources countries, and contributes significantly to morbidities and mortalities. Thus, early diagnosis and prompt management of IDA is highly recommended.To Test the efficacy and safety of oral lactoferrin plus health education provided by a nurse versus total dose infusion (TDI) of low-molecular weight (LMW) iron dextran for treating IDA in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.A prospective interventional, randomized, parallel-group, single-center longitudinal study.Woman's Health Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, at the outpatient clinic and inpatient unit. It comprised 120 cases divided into two groups as pineapple flavored lactoferrin oral sachets 100 mg twice daily with health education (group A) and TDI of LMW iron dextran (group B).The primary efficacy parameter was clinical improvement and the amount of increase in hemoglobin concentration by 4 weeks after therapy, secondary outcome measures included measurement of the rest of RBC, and iron indices, the adverse effects related to iron therapy and the patient compliance to the treatment.There was insignificant difference between both groups regarding sociodemographic data, parity and mean gestational age. Both groups showed a significant clinical improvement of anemia 4 weeks post-therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in mean Hb level improvement in both groups after 1 month of therapy. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) improved significantly more in group B than A while iron indices (serum iron and serum ferritin) were significantly more in group A than group B.Pineapple flavored lactoferrin oral sachets plus health education can be widely used as an alternative to TDI iron dextran supplementation due to clinical as well as laboratory improvement of IDA during pregnancy after 1 month of treatment. Proper health education of the pregnant women with nurse recommendations of balanced diet containing good sources of iron would increase awareness of pregnant women and help eradicate IDA with its serious sequel during pregnancy.

Aim: To highlight the grave complications among teenage mothers in Assiut Woman's Health Hospital compared with the adult mothers. Methods: This study was a prospective case control study, conducted at the Labor Ward of Assiut Woman's Health Hospital from 1st of January 2016 to 30th of June 2016. We included teenage pregnant women (13-19 completed years at delivery) as case and adult mothers (20-29 years) formed the control group. The primary outcome of the study is the rate of pregnancy complications among teenage mothers. Results: Obstetric complications were higher among the teenage mothers (p=0.0001). The teenage mothers had a higher proportion of normal vaginal delivery (p=0.005). The adult mothers reported a higher rate of elective cesarean section (CS) and operative vaginal delivery (p=0.0001, p=0.002; respectively). The infants of teenage mothers tended to have a lower birth weight and Apgar score than the adult ones. Conclusion: This study clearly states that the teenage mothers and their infants were more liable to complications during pregnancy and labor compared to adult mothers.

Aim: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. In Egypt, previous studies have reported that the prevalence of PPD ranged from 20-50% depending on location in Lower and Upper Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate the co-factors affecting the occurrence of PPD amongst puerperal women in Sohag city, Egypt. Methods: The study was carried out at Sohag University Hospital from June 2015 to May 2016. All women within 6 weeks after birth who gave their consent were included. A pretested questionnaire including demographic, psychosocial, maternal and infant variables as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed. A woman with an EPDS score ≥13 was considered to have PPD, while a score < 12 ruled out PPD. Results: We recruited 658 women, among whom 47 had an EPDS score ≥13, giving a prevalence of 7.14% of PPD. Women who delivered female babies or those who had a medical illness in their babies were significantly more likely to suffer from PPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPD in our setting was 7.14% which reflected the lowest prevalence among regions in Egypt. This could be due to differences of regional culture, families’ ties or other co-factors and needs further verification.

Background: Endometriosis is recognized as the ‘disease of young girls’ because it seems to be more common in young girls. Early diagnosis is greatly essential to receive appropriate treatment and avoid complications. Aim of the study: to evaluate severe dysmenorrhea for early recognition of endometriosis among adolescent girls. Subject and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design was used in this study. The study included 571 adolescent girls from 4 representative elementary schools in Assiut city. A structured Questionnaire was developed by the investigators and included four parts: Part I: demographic data; Part II: menstrual pattern: Part III. Pain history including: a. pain characteristics. b. Menstrual pain associating symptoms: c. Pain level: using of Horizontal Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 0-10 points. Part IV: finding of Trans-abdominal ultrasound (AUS) for those with severe dysmenorrhea. Field work: The study passed through three phases including assessment, implementation, and follow up phases with a period of 7 months. Results: the majority of the girls were between the age of 13 - 14 years. According to VAS, severe dysmenorrhea was reported in 68 girls (15%). Positive ultrasonography findings suggestive of endometriosis were reported among 57.4% of girls who had severe dysmenorrhea. The majority (71.2%) of those girls with severe dysmenorrhea responded to hormonal treatment while 28.2% not responded. There was a positive correlation between number of symptoms associating dysmenorrhea and the pain level. Conclusions and recommendations: Moderate and severe dysmenorrhea are common among adolescent. Those girls who had severe dysmenorrhea and more than five symptoms associating dysmenorrhea might be suspected to have endometriosis. Further large scale study is essential with the use of more informative investigations as MRI and laparoscopy to gain accurate estimate of the prevalence of the disease and its types.

Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women’s awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing’s role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design, of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68) , respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results, findings were 82.9 % (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse’s performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous cervical lesions