Search

In this survey we summarize the current state of known orthogonality relations for the $q$ and $q^{-1}$-symmetric and dual subfamilies of the Askey--Wilson polynomials in the $q$-Askey scheme. These polynomials are the continuous dual $q$ and $q^{-1}$-Hahn polynomials, the $q$ and $q^{-1}$-Al-Salam--Chihara polynomials, the continuous big $q$ and $q^{-1}$-Hermite polynomials and the continuous $q$ and $q^{-1}$-Hermite polynomials and their dual counterparts which are connected with the big $q$-Jacobi polynomials, the little $q$-Jacobi polynomials and the $q$ and $q^{-1}$-Bessel polynomials. The $q^{-1}$-symmetric polynomials in the $q$-Askey scheme satisfy an indeterminate moment problem, satisfying an infinite number of orthogonality relations for these polynomials. Among the infinite number of orthogonality relations for the $q^{-1}$-symmetric families, we attempt to summarize those currently known. These fall into several classes, including continuous orthogonality relations and infinite discrete (including bilateral) orthogonality relations. Using symmetric limits, we derive a new infinite discrete orthogonality relation for the continuous big $q^{-1}$-Hermite polynomials. Using duality relations, we explore orthogonality relations for and from the dual families associated with the $q$ and $q^{-1}$-symmetric subfamilies of the Askey--Wilson polynomials. In order to give a complete description of the convergence properties for these polynomials, we provide the large degree asymptotics using the Darboux method for these polynomials. In order to apply the Darboux method, we derive a generating function with two free parameters for the $q^{-1}$-Al-Salam--Chihara polynomials which has natural limits to the lower $q^{-1}$-symmetric families.

Wavefront reconstruction is a critical component in various optical systems, including adaptive optics, interferometry, and phase contrast imaging. Traditional reconstruction methods often employ either the Cartesian (pixel) basis or the Zernike polynomial basis. While the Cartesian basis is adept at capturing high-frequency features, it is susceptible to overfitting and inefficiencies due to the high number of degrees of freedom. The Zernike basis efficiently represents common optical aberrations but struggles with complex or non-standard wavefronts such as optical vortices, Bessel beams, or wavefronts with sharp discontinuities. This paper introduces a novel approach to wavefront reconstruction using an over-complete phase dictionary combined with sparse representation techniques. By constructing a dictionary that includes a diverse set of basis functions - ranging from Zernike polynomials to specialized functions representing optical vortices and other complex modes - we enable a more flexible and efficient representation of complex wavefronts. Furthermore, a trainable affine transform is implemented to account for misalignment. Utilizing principles from compressed sensing and sparse coding, we enforce sparsity in the coefficient space to avoid overfitting and enhance robustness to noise.

In the $q^{-1}$-symmetric Askey scheme, namely the $q^{-1}$-Askey--Wilson, continuous dual $q^{-1}$-Hahn, $q^{-1}$-Al-Salam--Chihara, continuous big $q^{-1}$-Hermite and continuous $q^{-1}$-Hermite polynomials, we compute bilateral discrete and continuous orthogonality relations. We also derive a $q$-beta integral which comes from the continuous orthogonality relation for the $q^{-1}$-Askey--Wilson polynomials. In the $q\to 1^{-}$ limit, this $q$-beta integral corresponds to a beta integral of Ramanujan-type which we present and provide two proofs for.

The purpose of this monograph is to advance thinking about transforming how schools play their role in addressing barriers to learning and teaching. In the process, the authors discuss embedding and framing the evolving literatures related to improvement and implementation sciences into a general intervention perspective. Part I of this monograph starts by briefly sharing the authors' journey in searching for a better way to address student and schooling problems. Then an analysis of what's wrong with how schools currently provide student/learning supports is highlighted. Part I concludes with discussion of a set of frameworks used as lenses to advance school improvement R&D for transforming how schools address barriers to learning and teaching and reengage disconnected students and families. Part II begins with discussion of four interrelated sets of problems involved in making major system changes in districts and their schools. From this perspective, the authors share how they have wrestled with: (1) reframing how interventions for student/ learning supports are conceptualized; (2) reworking operational infrastructures for initial and ongoing implementation; and (3) working toward large-scale replication and sustainability. It is underscored how essential policy support is related to making substantive and sustainable institutional improvements. Part III stresses that system improvement and implementation is all about intervention. The authors define intervention and highlight that improvement and implementation sciences are intertwined intervention concerns for R&D. The critical role of evaluation and accountability is underscored. Finally, controversies and ethical considerations related to interventions at schools are highlighted.

One may consider the generalization of Jacobi polynomials and the Jacobi function of the second kind to a general function where the index is allowed to be a complex number instead of a non-negative integer. These functions are referred to as Jacobi functions. In a similar fashion as associated Legendre functions, these break into two categories, functions which are analytically continued from the real line segment $(-1,1)$ and those continued from the real ray $(1, \infty)$. Using properties of Gauss hypergeometric functions, we derive multi-derivative and multi-integral representations for the Jacobi functions of the first and second kind.

The big $-1$ Jacobi polynomials $(Q_n^{(0)}(x;\alpha,\beta,c))_n$ have been classically defined for $\alpha,\beta\in(-1,\infty)$, $c\in(-1,1)$. We extend this family so that wider sets of parameters are allowed, i.e., they are non-standard. Assuming initial conditions $Q^{(0)}_0(x)=1$, $Q^{(0)}_{-1}(x)=0$, we consider the big $-1$ Jacobi polynomials as monic orthogonal polynomials which therefore satisfy the following three-term recurrence relation \[ xQ^{(0)}_n(x)=Q^{(0)}_{n+1}(x)+b_{n} Q^{(0)}_n(x)+ u_{n} Q^{(0)}_{n-1}(x), \quad n=0, 1, 2,\ldots. \] For standard parameters, the coefficients $u_n>0$ for all $n$. We discuss the situation where Favard's theorem cannot be directly applied for some positive integer $n$ such that $u_n=0$. We express the big $-1$ Jacobi polynomials for non-standard parameters as a product of two polynomials. Using this factorization, we obtain a bilinear form with respect to which these polynomials are orthogonal., Comment: 7 pages

We derive double product representations of nonterminating basic hypergeometric series using diagonalization, a method introduced by Theo William Chaundy in 1943. We also present some generating functions that arise from it in the $q$ and $q$-inverse Askey schemes. Using this $q$-Chaundy theorem which expresses a product of two nonterminating basic hypergeometric series as a sum over a terminating basic hypergeometric series, we study generating functions for the symmetric families of orthogonal polynomials in the $q$ and $q$-inverse Askey scheme. By applying the $q$-Chaundy theorem to $q$-exponential generating functions due to Ismail, we are able to derive alternative expansions of these generating functions and from these, new terminating basic hypergeometric representations for the continuous $q$-Hermite and $q$-inverse Hermite polynomials are derived. These representations are connected by new quadratic transformations for the terminating basic hypergeometric series involved We also exploit duality relations for continuous dual $q$-Hahn and continuous dual $q$-inverse Hahn with big $q$-Jacobi polynomials and as well duality relations for Al-Salam--Chihara and $q$-inverse Al-Salam--Chihara polynomials with little $q$-Jacobi polynomials to derive new generating relations for the big and little $q$-Jacobi polynomials.

In this paper we review and derive hyperbolic and trigonometric double summation addition theorems for Jacobi functions of the first and second kind. In connection with these addition theorems, we perform a full analysis of the relation between symmetric, antisymmetric and odd-half-integer parameter values for the Jacobi functions with certain Gauss hypergeometric functions which satisfy a quadratic transformation, including associated Legendre, Gegenbauer and Ferrers functions of the first and second kind. We also introduce Olver normalizations of the Jacobi functions which are particularly useful in the derivation of expansion formulas when the parameters are integers. We introduce an application of the addition theorems for the Jacobi functions of the second kind to separated eigenfunction expansions of a fundamental solution of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the compact and noncompact rank one symmetric spaces.

What works to help community college students progress academically? This brief synthesizes 20 years of rigorous research by MDRC, presenting new evidence about key attributes of community college interventions that are positively related to larger impacts on students' academic progress. Findings: Findings are based on a synthesis of evidence from 30 randomized controlled trials of 39 postsecondary interventions involving 60,000 students. The results of this research consistently indicate that the impacts of community college interventions increase with: (1) The comprehensiveness of the intervention, as measured by its number of components; and (2) The promotion of full-time enrollment (during fall and spring) and summer enrollment. Less consistent, but still promising evidence suggests the impacts of community college interventions also increase with the extent that they increase: (1) Advising use among students; (2) Tutoring use among students; and (3) Financial support for students (though the evidence is least consistent for this component). Consequently, the preceding five intervention features seem like a reasonable, evidence-based place to start when developing community college policy, designing a new community college intervention, or enhancing an existing community college intervention.

The TOI-1130 is a known planetary system around a K-dwarf consisting of a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c, on an 8.4-day orbit, accompanied by an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, with an orbital period of 4.1 days. We collected precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of TOI-1130 with the HARPS and PFS spectrographs as part of our ongoing RV follow-up program. We perform a photodynamical modeling of the HARPS and PFS RVs, and transit photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the TESS Follow-up Observing Program. We determine the planet masses and radii of TOI-1130 b and TOI-1130 c to be Mb = 19.28 $\pm$ 0.97 M$_\oplus$ and Rb = 3.56 $\pm$ 0.13 R$_\oplus$, and Mc = 325.59 $\pm$ 5.59 M$_\oplus$ and Rc = 13.32+1.55-1.41 R$_\oplus$, respectively. We spectroscopically confirm TOI-1130 b that was previously only validated. We find that the two planets orbit with small eccentricities in a 2:1 resonant configuration. This is the first known system with a hot Jupiter and an inner lower mass planet locked in a mean-motion resonance. TOI-1130 belongs to the small yet increasing population of hot Jupiters with an inner low-mass planet that challenges the pathway for hot Jupiter formation. We also detect a linear RV trend possibly due to the presence of an outer massive companion., Comment: 19 pages, Accepted to A&A

We study special values for the continuous $q$-Jacobi polynomials and present applications of these special values which arise from bilinear generating functions, and in particular the Poisson kernel for these polynomials.

The Laplace equation in three dimensional Euclidean space is $R$-separable in bi-cyclide coordinates leading to harmonic functions expressed in terms of Lam\'e-Wangerin functions called internal and external bi-cyclide harmonics. An expansion for the fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in products of internal and external bi-cyclide harmonics is derived. In limiting cases this expansion reduces to known expansion in bi-spherical and prolate spheroidal coordinates.

Citation-based Information Retrieval (IR) methods for scientific documents have proven effective for IR applications, such as Plagiarism Detection or Literature Recommender Systems in academic disciplines that use many references. In science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, researchers often employ mathematical concepts through formula notation to refer to prior knowledge. Our long-term goal is to generalize citation-based IR methods and apply this generalized method to both classical references and mathematical concepts. In this paper, we suggest how mathematical formulas could be cited and define a Formula Concept Retrieval task with two subtasks: Formula Concept Discovery (FCD) and Formula Concept Recognition (FCR). While FCD aims at the definition and exploration of a 'Formula Concept' that names bundled equivalent representations of a formula, FCR is designed to match a given formula to a prior assigned unique mathematical concept identifier. We present machine learning-based approaches to address the FCD and FCR tasks. We then evaluate these approaches on a standardized test collection (NTCIR arXiv dataset). Our FCD approach yields a precision of 68% for retrieving equivalent representations of frequent formulas and a recall of 72% for extracting the formula name from the surrounding text. FCD and FCR enable the citation of formulas within mathematical documents and facilitate semantic search and question answering as well as document similarity assessments for plagiarism detection or recommender systems., Comment: Accepted by Scientometrics (Springer) journal

Knowledge of spatio-temporal couplings such as pulse-front tilt or curvature is important to determine the focused intensity of high-power lasers. Common techniques to diagnose these couplings are either qualitative or require hundreds of measurements. Here we present both a new algorithm for retrieving spatio-temporal couplings, as well as novel experimental implementations. Our method is based on the expression of the spatio-spectral phase in terms of a Zernike-Taylor basis, allowing us to directly quantify the coefficients for common spatio-temporal couplings. We take advantage of this method to perform quantitative measurements using a simple experimental setup, consisting of different bandpass filters in front of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. This fast acquisition of laser couplings using narrowband filters, abbreviated FALCON, is easy and cheap to implement in existing facilities. To this end, we present a measurement of spatio-temporal couplings at the ATLAS-3000 petawatt laser using our technique.

The Juno mission has provided measurements of Jupiter s gravity field with an outstanding level of accuracy, leading to better constraints on the interior of the planet. Improving our knowledge of the internal structure of Jupiter is key to understanding its formation and evolution but is also important in the framework of exoplanet exploration. In this study, we investigated the differences between the state-of-the-art equations of state and their impact on the properties of interior models. Accounting for uncertainty on the hydrogen and helium equation of state, we assessed the span of the interior features of Jupiter. We carried out an extensive exploration of the parameter space and studied a wide range of interior models using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. To consider the uncertainty on the equation of state, we allowed for modifications of the equation of state in our calculations. Our models harbour a dilute core and indicate that Jupiter s internal entropy is higher than what is usually assumed from the Galileo probe measurements. We obtain solutions with extended dilute cores, but contrary to other recent interior models of Jupiter, we also obtain models with small dilute cores. The dilute cores in such solutions extend to 20% of Jupiter s mass, leading to better agreement with formation evolution models. We conclude that the equations of state used in Jupiter models have a crucial effect on the inferred structure and composition. Further explorations of the behaviour of hydrogen helium mixtures at the pressure and temperature conditions in Jupiter will help to constrain the interior of the planet, and therefore its origin.

General Fusion is building the Fusion Demonstration Plant to demonstrate a magnetized target fusion scheme in which a deuterium plasma is heated from 200 eV to 10 keV by piston-driven compression of a liquid-lithium liner. The multilayer coaxial time-of-flight (MCTOF) neutron emission spectrometer is designed to measure the ion temperature near peak compression at which time the neutron yield will approach $10^{18}$ neutrons/s. The neutron energy distribution is expected to be Gaussian since the machine uses no neutral beam or radiofrequency heating. In this case, analysis shows that as few as 500 coincidence events should be sufficient to accurately measure the ion temperature. This enables a fast time resolution of 10 $\mu s$, which is required to track the rapid change in temperature approaching peak compression. We overcome the challenges of neutron pileup and event ambiguity with a compact design having two layers of segmented scintillators. The error in the ion temperature measurement is computed as a function of the neutron spectrometer's geometric parameters and used to optimize the design for the case of reaching 10 keV at peak compression., Comment: The following article has been accepted by Review of Scientific Instruments. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/toc/rsi/HTPD2022/1. High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics 2022 conference. 5 pages, 9 figures

We produce two-dimensional contiguous relations for generalized hypergeometric functions by starting with linearization coefficients for some continuous generalized hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the Askey-scheme.

In many cases one may encounter an integral which is of $q$-Mellin--Barnes type. These integrals are easily evaluated using theorems which have a long history dating back to Slater, Askey, Gasper, Rahman and others. We derive some interesting $q$-Mellin--Barnes integrals and using them we derive transformation and summation formulas for nonterminating basic hypergeometric functions. The cases which we treat include ratios of theta functions, the Askey--Wilson moments, nonterminating well-poised ${}_3\phi_2$, nonterminating very-well-poised ${}_5W_4$, ${}_8W_7$, products of two nonterminating ${}_2\phi_1$'s, square of a nonterminating well-poised ${}_2\phi_1$, and nonterminating ${}_{12}W_{11}$ and ${}_{10}W_9$.

On even-dimensional Euclidean space for integer powers of the Laplace operator greater than or equal to half the dimension, a fundamental solution of the polyharmonic equation has binomial and logarithmic behavior. Gegenbauer polynomial expansions of these fundamental solutions are obtained through a limit applied to Gegenbauer expansions of a power-law fundamental solution of the polyharmonic equation. This limit is accomplished through parameter differentiation. By combining these results with previously derived azimuthal Fourier series expansions for these binomial and logarithmic fundamental solutions, we are able to obtain addition theorems for the azimuthal Fourier coefficients. These logarithmic and binomial addition theorems are expressed in Vilenkin polyspherical geodesic polar coordinate systems and as well in generalized Hopf coordinates on spheres in arbitrary even dimensions.

While Jupiter's massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the key to understanding Jupiter's formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the remaining (heavy) elements. Before the Juno mission, the lack of high-precision gravity harmonics precluded the use of statistical analyses in a robust determination of the heavy-elements distribution in Jupiter's envelope. In this paper, we assemble the most comprehensive and diverse collection of Jupiter interior models to date and use it to study the distribution of heavy elements in the planet's envelope. We apply a Bayesian statistical approach to our interior model calculations, reproducing the Juno gravitational and atmospheric measurements and constraints from the deep zonal flows. Our results show that the gravity constraints lead to a deep entropy of Jupiter corresponding to a 1 bar temperature 5-15 K higher than traditionally assumed. We also find that uncertainties in the equation of state are crucial when determining the amount of heavy elements in Jupiter's interior. Our models put an upper limit to the inner compact core of Jupiter of 7 Earth masses, independently on the structure model (with or without dilute core) and the equation of state considered. Furthermore, we robustly demonstrate that Jupiter's envelope is inhomogenous, with a heavy-element enrichment in the interior relative to the outer envelope. This implies that heavy element enrichment continued through the gas accretion phase, with important implications for the formation of giant planets in our solar system and beyond., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

We derive an expansion for the fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in flat-ring cyclide coordinates in three-dimensional Euclidean space. This expansion is a double series of products of functions that are harmonic in the interior and exterior of coordinate surfaces which are peanut shaped and orthogonal to surfaces which are flat-rings. These internal and external peanut harmonic functions are expressed in terms of Lam\'e-Wangerin functions. Using the expansion for the fundamental solution, we derive an addition theorem for the azimuthal Fourier component in terms of the odd-half-integer degree Legendre function of the second kind as an infinite series in Lam\'e-Wangerin functions. We also derive integral identities over the Legendre function of the second kind for a product of three Lam\'e-Wangerin functions. In a limiting case we obtain the expansion of the fundamental solution in spherical coordinates.

We derive an expansion for the fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in flat-ring coordinates in three-dimensional Euclidean space. This expansion is a double series of products of functions that are harmonic in the interior and exterior of "flat rings". These internal and external flat-ring harmonic functions are expressed in terms of simply-periodic Lam\'e functions. In a limiting case we obtain the expansion of the fundamental solution in toroidal coordinates.

In this paper, we explore the symmetric nature of the terminating basic hypergeometric series representations of the Askey--Wilson polynomials and the corresponding terminating basic hypergeometric transformations that these polynomials satisfy. In particular we identify and classify the set of 4 and 7 equivalence classes of terminating balanced ${}_4\phi_3$ and terminating very-well poised ${}_8W_7$ basic hypergeometric series which are connected with the Askey--Wilson polynomials. We study the inversion properties of these equivalence classes and also identify the connection of both sets of equivalence classes with the symmetric group $S_6$, the symmetry group of the terminating balanced ${}_4\phi_3$. We then use terminating balanced ${}_4\phi_3$ and terminating very-well poised ${}_8W_7$ transformations to give a broader interpretation of Watson's $q$-analog of Whipple's theorem and its converse. We give a broad description of the symmetry structure of the terminating basic hypergeometric series representations of the Askey--Wilson polynomials., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.14021

Digital mathematical libraries assemble the knowledge of years of mathematical research. Numerous disciplines (e.g., physics, engineering, pure and applied mathematics) rely heavily on compendia gathered findings. Likewise, modern research applications rely more and more on computational solutions, which are often calculated and verified by computer algebra systems. Hence, the correctness, accuracy, and reliability of both digital mathematical libraries and computer algebra systems is a crucial attribute for modern research. In this paper, we present a novel approach to verify a digital mathematical library and two computer algebra systems with one another by converting mathematical expressions from one system to the other. We use our previously eveloped conversion tool (referred to as LaCASt) to translate formulae from the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions to the computer algebra systems Maple and Mathematica. The contributions of our presented work are as follows: (1) we present the most comprehensive verification of computer algebra systems and digital mathematical libraries with one another; (2) we significantly enhance the performance of the underlying translator in terms of coverage and accuracy; and (3) we provide open access to translations for Maple and Mathematica of the formulae in the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions.