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3. Environmental (Non)disclosure and the SEC's Proposed Solution

Author

Howard, Emma R.

Subjects
Corporate governance -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Social aspects -- Environmental aspects, Corporate social responsibility -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Environmental aspects, Disclosure of information -- Laws, regulations and rules, Climatic changes -- Laws, regulations and rules, Risk management -- Laws, regulations and rules, Socially responsible investments -- Laws, regulations and rules, Nondisclosure agreements -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Environmental aspects, Government regulation, Risk management, Law, Philosophy and religion, Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Investment funds purporting to focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors have experienced substantial growth in recent years. (1) The financial sector is increasingly recognizing the importance of [...]

Published
2023

4. Biallelic CRELD1 variants cause a multisystem syndrome, including neurodevelopmental phenotypes, cardiac dysrhythmias, and frequent infections

Author

Borras, Silvia, Clark, Caroline, Dean, John, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Ross, Alison, Tennant, Stephen, Dabir, Tabib, Donnelly, Deirdre, Humphreys, Mervyn, Magee, Alex, McConnell, Vivienne, McKee, Shane, McNerlan, Susan, Morrison, Patrick J., Rea, Gillian, Stewart, Fiona, Cole, Trevor, Cooper, Nicola, Cooper-Charles, Lisa, Cox, Helen, Islam, Lily, Jarvis, Joanna, Keelagher, Rebecca, Lim, Derek, McMullan, Dominic, Morton, Jenny, Naik, Swati, O’Driscoll, Mary, Ong, Kai-Ren, Osio, Deborah, Ragge, Nicola, Turton, Sarah, Vogt, Julie, Williams, Denise, Bodek, Simon, Donaldson, Alan, Hills, Alison, Low, Karen, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Norman, Andrew M., Roberts, Eileen, Scurr, Ingrid, Smithson, Sarah, Tooley, Madeleine, Abbs, Steve, Armstrong, Ruth, Dunn, Carolyn, Holden, Simon, Park, Soo-Mi, Paterson, Joan, Raymond, Lucy, Reid, Evan, Sandford, Richard, Simonic, Ingrid, Tischkowitz, Marc, Woods, Geoff, Bradley, Lisa, Comerford, Joanne, Green, Andrew, Lynch, Sally, McQuaid, Shirley, Mullaney, Brendan, Berg, Jonathan, Goudie, David, Mavrak, Eleni, McLean, Joanne, McWilliam, Catherine, Reavey, Eleanor, Azam, Tara, Cleary, Elaine, Jackson, Andrew, Lam, Wayne, Lampe, Anne, Moore, David, Porteous, Mary, Baple, Emma, Baptista, Júlia, Brewer, Carole, Castle, Bruce, Kivuva, Emma, Owens, Martina, Rankin, Julia, Shaw-Smith, Charles, Turner, Claire, Turnpenny, Peter, Tysoe, Carolyn, Bradley, Therese, Davidson, Rosemarie, Gardiner, Carol, Joss, Shelagh, Kinning, Esther, Longman, Cheryl, McGowan, Ruth, Murday, Victoria, Pilz, Daniela, Tobias, Edward, Whiteford, Margo, Williams, Nicola, Barnicoat, Angela, Clement, Emma, Faravelli, Francesca, Hurst, Jane, Jenkins, Lucy, Jones, Wendy, Ajith Kumar, V.K., Lees, Melissa, Loughlin, Sam, Male, Alison, Morrogh, Deborah, Rosser, Elisabeth, Scott, Richard, Wilson, Louise, Beleza, Ana, Deshpande, Charu, Flinter, Frances, Holder, Muriel, Irving, Melita, Izatt, Louise, Josifova, Dragana, Mohammed, Shehla, Molenda, Aneta, Robert, Leema, Roworth, Wendy, Ruddy, Deborah, Ryten, Mina, Yau, Shu, Bennett, Christopher, Blyth, Moira, Campbell, Jennifer, Coates, Andrea, Dobbie, Angus, Hewitt, Sarah, Hobson, Emma, Jackson, Eilidh, Jewell, Rosalyn, Kraus, Alison, Prescott, Katrina, Sheridan, Eamonn, Thomson, Jenny, Bradshaw, Kirsty, Dixit, Abhijit, Eason, Jacqueline, Haines, Rebecca, Harrison, Rachel, Mutch, Stacey, Sarkar, Ajoy, Searle, Claire, Shannon, Nora, Sharif, Abid, Suri, Mohnish, Vasudevan, Pradeep, Canham, Natalie, Ellis, Ian, Greenhalgh, Lynn, Howard, Emma, Stinton, Victoria, Swale, Andrew, Weber, Astrid, Banka, Siddharth, Breen, Catherine, Briggs, Tracy, Burkitt-Wright, Emma, Chandler, Kate, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Donnai, Dian, Douzgou, Sofia, Gaunt, Lorraine, Jones, Elizabeth, Kerr, Bronwyn, Langley, Claire, Metcalfe, Kay, Smith, Audrey, Wright, Ronnie, Bourn, David, Burn, John, Fisher, Richard, Hellens, Steve, Henderson, Alex, Montgomery, Tara, Splitt, Miranda, Straub, Volker, Wright, Michael, Zwolinski, Simon, Allen, Zoe, Bernhard, Birgitta, Brady, Angela, Brooks, Claire, Busby, Louise, Clowes, Virginia, Ghali, Neeti, Holder, Susan, Ibitoye, Rita, Wakeling, Emma, Blair, Edward, Carmichael, Jenny, Cilliers, Deirdre, Clasper, Susan, Gibbons, Richard, Kini, Usha, Lester, Tracy, Nemeth, Andrea, Poulton, Joanna, Price, Sue, Shears, Debbie, Stewart, Helen, Wilkie, Andrew, Albaba, Shadi, Baker, Duncan, Balasubramanian, Meena, Johnson, Diana, Parker, Michael, Quarrell, Oliver, Stewart, Alison, Willoughby, Josh, Crosby, Charlene, Elmslie, Frances, Homfray, Tessa, Jin, Huilin, Lahiri, Nayana, Mansour, Sahar, Marks, Karen, McEntagart, Meriel, Saggar, Anand, Tatton-Brown, Kate, Butler, Rachel, Clarke, Angus, Corrin, Sian, Fry, Andrew, Kamath, Arveen, McCann, Emma, Mugalaasi, Hood, Pottinger, Caroline, Procter, Annie, Sampson, Julian, Sansbury, Francis, Varghese, Vinod, Baralle, Diana, Callaway, Alison, Cassidy, Emma J., Daniels, Stacey, Douglas, Andrew, Foulds, Nicola, Hunt, David, Kharbanda, Mira, Lachlan, Katherine, Mercer, Catherine, Side, Lucy, Temple, I. Karen, Wellesley, Diana, Ambrose, J.C., Arumugam, P., Baple, E.L., Bleda, M., Boardman-Pretty, F., Boissiere, J.M., Boustred, C.R., Caulfield, M.J., Chan, G.C., Craig, C.E.H., Daugherty, L.C., de Burca, A., Devereau, A., Elgar, G., Foulger, R.E., Fowler, T., FurióTarí, P., Hackett, J.M., Halai, D., Hamblin, A., Henderson, S., Holman, J.E., Hubbard, T.J.P., Ibáñez, K., Jackson, R., Jones, L.J., Kasperaviciute, D., Kayikci, M., Lahnstein, L., Lawson, K., Leigh, S.E.A., Leong, I.U.S., Lopez, F.J., MaleadyCrowe, F., Mason, J., McDonagh, E.M., Moutsianas, L., Mueller, M., Murugaesu, N., Need, A.C., Odhams, C.A., Patch, C., Perez-Gil, D., Polychronopoulos, D., Pullinger, J., Rahim, T., Rendon, A., Riesgo-Ferreiro, P., Rogers, T., Ryten, M., Savage, K., Sawant, K., Scott, R.H., Siddiq, A., Sieghart, A., Smedley, D., Smith, K.R., Sosinsky, A., Spooner, W., Stevens, H.E., Stuckey, A., Sultana, R., Thomas, E.R.A., Thompson, S.R., Tucci, A., Walsh, E., Watters, S.A., Welland, M.J., Williams, E., Witkowska, K., Acosta, Maria T., Adam, Margaret, Adams, David R., Agrawal, Pankaj B., Alejandro, Mercedes E., Alvey, Justin, Amendola, Laura, Andrews, Ashley, Ashley, Euan A., Azamian, Mahshid S., Bacino, Carlos A., Bademci, Guney, Baker, Eva, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Baldridge, Dustin, Bale, Jim, Bamshad, Michael, Barbouth, Deborah, Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar, Beck, Anita, Beggs, Alan H., Behrens, Edward, Bejerano, Gill, Bennet, Jimmy, Berg-Rood, Beverly, Bernstein, Jonathan A., Berry, Gerard T., Bican, Anna, Bivona, Stephanie, Blue, Elizabeth, Bohnsack, John, Bonnenmann, Carsten, Bonner, Devon, Botto, Lorenzo, Boyd, Brenna, Briere, Lauren C., Brokamp, Elly, Brown, Gabrielle, Burke, Elizabeth A., Burrage, Lindsay C., Butte, Manish J., Byers, Peter, Byrd, William E., Carey, John, Carrasquillo, Olveen, Peter Chang, Ta Chen, Chanprasert, Sirisak, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Clark, Gary D., Coakley, Terra R., Cobban, Laurel A., Cogan, Joy D., Coggins, Matthew, Cole, F. Sessions, Colley, Heather A., Cooper, Cynthia M., Craigen, William J., Crouse, Andrew B., Cunningham, Michael, D'Souza, Precilla, Dai, Hongzheng, Dasari, Surendra, Davids, Mariska, Dayal, Jyoti G., Deardorff, Matthew, Dell'Angelica, Esteban C., Dhar, Shweta U., Dipple, Katrina, Doherty, Daniel, Dorrani, Naghmeh, Douine, Emilie D., Draper, David D., Duncan, Laura, Earl, Dawn, Eckstein, David J., Emrick, Lisa T., Eng, Christine M., Esteves, Cecilia, Estwick, Tyra, Falk, Marni, Fernandez, Liliana, Ferreira, Carlos, Fieg, Elizabeth L., Findley, Laurie C., Fisher, Paul G., Fogel, Brent L., Forghani, Irman, Fresard, Laure, Gahl, William A., Glass, Ian, Godfrey, Rena A., Golden-Grant, Katie, Goldman, Alica M., Goldstein, David B., Grajewski, Alana, Groden, Catherine A., Gropman, Andrea L., Gutierrez, Irma, Hahn, Sihoun, Hamid, Rizwan, Hanchard, Neil A., Hassey, Kelly, Hayes, Nichole, High, Frances, Hing, Anne, Hisama, Fuki M., Holm, Ingrid A., Hom, Jason, Horike-Pyne, Martha, Huang, Alden, Huang, Yong, Isasi, Rosario, Jamal, Fariha, Jarvik, Gail P., Jarvik, Jeffrey, Jayadev, Suman, Johnston, Jean M., Karaviti, Lefkothea, Kelley, Emily G., Kennedy, Jennifer, Kiley, Dana, Kohane, Isaac S., Kohler, Jennefer N., Krakow, Deborah, Krasnewich, Donna M., Kravets, Elijah, Korrick, Susan, Koziura, Mary, Krier, Joel B., Lalani, Seema R., Lam, Byron, Lam, Christina, Lanpher, Brendan C., Lanza, Ian R., Lau, C. Christopher, LeBlanc, Kimberly, Lee, Brendan H., Lee, Hane, Levitt, Roy, Lewis, Richard A., Lincoln, Sharyn A., Liu, Pengfei, Liu, Xue Zhong, Longo, Nicola, Loo, Sandra K., Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L., Macnamara, Ellen F., MacRae, Calum A., Maduro, Valerie V., Majcherska, Marta M., Mak, Bryan, Malicdan, May Christine V., Mamounas, Laura A., Manolio, Teri A., Mao, Rong, Maravilla, Kenneth, Markello, Thomas C., Marom, Ronit, Marth, Gabor, Martin, Beth A., Martin, Martin G., Martínez-Agosto, Julian A., Marwaha, Shruti, McCauley, Jacob, McCormack, Colleen E., McCray, Alexa T., McGee, Elisabeth, Mefford, Heather, Merritt, J. Lawrence, Might, Matthew, Mirzaa, Ghayda, Morava, Eva, Moretti, Paolo M., Morimoto, Marie, Mulvihill, John J., Murdock, David R., Nakano-Okuno, Mariko, Nath, Avi, Nelson, Stan F., Newman, John H., Nicholas, Sarah K., Nickerson, Deborah, Nieves-Rodriguez, Shirley, Novacic, Donna, Oglesbee, Devin, Orengo, James P., Pace, Laura, Pak, Stephen, Pallais, J. Carl, Papp, Jeanette C., Parker, Neil H., Phillips, John A., Posey, Jennifer E., Potocki, Lorraine, Pusey, Barbara N., Quinlan, Aaron, Raskind, Wendy, Raja, Archana N., Rao, Deepak A., Renteria, Genecee, Reuter, Chloe M., Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K., Rodan, Lance H., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Rosenwasser, Natalie, Ruzhnikov, Maura, Sacco, Ralph, Sampson, Jacinda B., Samson, Susan L., Saporta, Mario, Scott, C. Ron, Schaechter, Judy, Schedl, Timothy, Scott, Daryl A., Sharma, Prashant, Shin, Jimann, Signer, Rebecca, Sillari, Catherine H., Silverman, Edwin K., Sinsheimer, Janet S., Sisco, Kathy, Smith, Edward C., Smith, Kevin S., Solem, Emily, Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna, Stoler, Joan M., Stong, Nicholas, Sullivan, Jennifer A., Sun, Angela, Sutton, Shirley, Sweetser, David A., Sybert, Virginia, Tabor, Holly K., Tamburro, Cecelia P., Tekin, Mustafa, Telischi, Fred, Thorson, Willa, Tifft, Cynthia J., Toro, Camilo, Tran, Alyssa A., Tucker, Brianna M., Urv, Tiina K., Vanderver, Adeline, Velinder, Matt, Viskochil, Dave, Vogel, Tiphanie P., Wahl, Colleen E., Wallace, Stephanie, Walley, Nicole M., Walsh, Chris A., Walker, Melissa, Wambach, Jennifer, Wan, Jijun, Wang, Lee-Kai, Wangler, Michael F., Ward, Patricia A., Wegner, Daniel, Wener, Mark, Wenger, Tara, Perry, Katherine Wesseling, Westerfield, Monte, Wheeler, Matthew T., Whitlock, Jordan, Wolfe, Lynne A., Woods, Jeremy D., Yamamoto, Shinya, Yang, John, Yu, Guoyun, Zastrow, Diane B., Zhao, Chunli, Zuchner, Stephan, Jeffries, Lauren, Mis, Emily K., McWalter, Kirsty, Donkervoort, Sandra, Brodsky, Nina N., Carpier, Jean-Marie, Ji, Weizhen, Ionita, Cristian, Roy, Bhaskar, Morrow, Jon S., Darbinyan, Armine, Iyer, Krishna, Aul, Ritu B., Chao, Katherine R., Cobbold, Laura, Cohen, Stacey, Custodio, Helena M., Drummond-Borg, Margaret, Finanger, Erika, Hainline, Bryan E., Helbig, Ingo, Hewson, Stacy, Hu, Ying, Jackson, Adam, Konstantino, Monica, Leach, Meganne E., McCormick, David, Nelson, Stanley, Nguyen, Joanne, Nugent, Kimberly, Ortega, Lucy, Goodkin, Howard P., Roeder, Elizabeth, Roy, Sani, Sapp, Katie, Saade, Dimah, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Stals, Karen, Towner, Shelley, Wilson, William, Khokha, Mustafa K., Bönnemann, Carsten G., Lucas, Carrie L., and Lakhani, Saquib A.

Published
2024
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5. Southern African synoptic climate dynamics and future change : tropical lows and the Congo Air Boundary

Author

Howard, Emma and Washington, Richard

Subjects
551.57, Climate Science, Atmospheric Science
Abstract

Southern Africa's development and economy is dependent on a rainfall resource that is projected to decline in coming decades as a result of anthropogenic climate change. This rainfall decline has been attributed to a half month delay in the onset of the wet season by the end of the \nth{21} century based on RCP8.5 projections, shortening the growing season and reducing the agricultural viability of the region. Yet many aspects of the basic climatological state of the southern African atmosphere remain chronically understudied. Rainfall onset and regional rainfall climate depend on the behaviour of day-to-day weather systems along the southern margin of the African rain belt. However, the dynamics of these systems are not well understood. This thesis addresses this problem by characterising the frequencies, spatial distributions, dynamics, interannual variability and future change of two classes of weather systems: tropical lows and the Congo Air Boundary (CAB). A vortex tracking algorithm is optimised to detect tropical lows in sub-daily reanalysis data and climate model output. It is found that tropical lows aggregate to form the synoptic expression of the summer Angola Low. Tropical lows are shown to exhibit a unique anchoring behaviour in Angola due to interactions with nocturnal low-level jets associated with differential surface heating. 70% of rainfall in south-east Angola and 31% of summer rainfall across the southern African tropical margin is attributed to tropical lows. Meanwhile, the majority of interannual rainfall variability in Angola, northern Namibia and western Zambia derives largely from tropical lows. Climate model projections indicate that tropical lows will become 15% less frequent by the end of the 21st century. Future change in the spatial distribution of tropical lows contributes to model disagreement over the spatial pattern of rainfall change in the summer season. Computational edge detection is applied to identify surface drylines and convergence lines associated with the CAB, a forgotten feature of the southern African climatology. The CAB is shown to be a sharp discontinuity which marks the southern edge of the African rain belt, and is detected on at least 80\% of days from August to October. Its seasonal southward progression over southern Africa is presented, and a close dynamic link between the CAB and the Angola Heat Low is demonstrated. Seasonal rainfall variability is closely linked to the CAB, since tropical rainfall does not occur to the south of the CAB, with CAB variability explaining at least 55% of local monthly rainfall variability. The projected delayed wet season onset is shown to be related to a projected 0.7° CAB latitude increase and a 13% CAB frequency increase from October to December, with inter-model CAB variability explaining 46% of inter-model variance in projected rainfall change.

Published
2019

8. Contrasting Prediction Methods for Early Warning Systems at Undergraduate Level

Author

Howard, Emma, Meehan, Maria, and Parnell, Andrew

Subjects
Mathematics - History and Overview
Abstract

In this study, we investigate prediction methods for an early warning system for a large STEM undergraduate course. Recent studies have provided evidence in favour of adopting early warning systems as a means of identifying at-risk students. Many of these early warning systems rely on data from students' engagement with Learning Management Systems (LMSs). Our study examines eight prediction methods, and investigates the optimal time in a course to apply an early warning system. We present findings from a statistics university course which has a large proportion of resources on the LMS Blackboard and weekly continuous assessment. We identify weeks 5-6 of our course (half way through the semester) as an optimal time to implement an early warning system, as it allows time for the students to make changes to their study patterns whilst retaining reasonable prediction accuracy. Using detailed (fine-grained) variables, clustering and our final prediction method of BART (Bayesian Additive Regressive Trees) we are able to predict students' final grade by week 6 based on mean absolute error (MAE) to 6.5 percentage points. We provide our R code for implementation of the prediction methods used in a GitHub repository.

Published
2016

12. Quantifying Participation in, and the Effectiveness of, Remediating Assessment in a University Mathematics Module

Author

Howard, Emma, Meehan, Maria, and Parnell, Andrew

Abstract

In "Maths for Business," a large first-year mathematics module, the continuous assessment component comprises 10 weekly quizzes which combine to contribute 40% of the final module mark. If students did not receive the full five marks on their weekly quiz, they were provided with the opportunity to resubmit their corrected weekly quiz with an explanation of their error(s) for one additional mark. We refer to this process as 'remediation'. Of the students who had the opportunity to remediate, ~70% did. Through examining learning management system data, we show that the remediation process encouraged students to access module resources. Furthermore, by using a Bayesian hierarchical model to account for students' level of participation, achievement and prior knowledge, we show that participation in the remediation process positively impacted the final examination marks of moderate to high-achieving students (based on initial continuous assessment marks). However, participation in the remediation process provided limited benefit to low-achieving students. We conjecture this is because these students had not achieved a level of understanding whereby participation in the remediation process could progress their knowledge.

Published
2019
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13. The effect of effort and individual differences on the implicit sense of agency

Author

Howard, Emma

Subjects
616.85
Abstract

The experience of feeling responsible for the outcomes of one's actions is known as the sense of agency. The phenomenon of reduced perceived temporal proximity between actions and their effects is thought to implicitly index the sense of agency, and is known as temporal or intentional binding. The optimal cue integration account indicates that the sense of agency is dependent of the integration of several cues. This thesis uses temporal binding to investigate instances which afford cues that may hinder the generation of agency. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the modulatory roles of physical and mental effort finding that the implicit sense of agency reduced under physical and mental strain. In Chapter 5, electroencephalography was used to investigate the influence of mental effort on neural response to action outcomes. Concordant with previous findings, neural responses to self-generated outcomes were reduced (i.e. attenuated readiness potentials and N1 components), however, the effect of effort was less reliable, providing limited evidence for the role of individual task difficulty on the attenuation of the readiness potential. Chapter 6 found that high levels of (subclinical) schizotypy weakened the sense of agency, whereby temporal binding was less distinguished across conditions of agency and no agency. In Chapter 7, it was shown that the affective content of social stimuli did not modulate temporal binding, nor did individual differences in social anxiety. Overall, these findings support the notion that the sense of agency is dependent on the availability of cognitive resources, and in contexts in which agency cues concurrently deplete these resources, either by physical or mental effort, or in individuals with tendencies to attribute agency inappropriately, agency is weakened. Nevertheless, the lack of modulation by emotional stimuli and by anxiety provide informative boundary conditions for these effects. Beyond contributing to our understanding of this key aspect of human experience, work in this area could influence how society considers responsibility in everyday life and in law, and how aberrant experiences of agency can be understood in disease.

Published
2016

16. chapter 9: ON HIGH PRECIPITATION IN MOZAMBIQUE, ZIMBABWE, AND ZAMBIA IN FEBRUARY 2018: This multi-method study of high precipitation over parts of Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and parts of Zambia in February 2018 indicates decreased likelihood of such events due to climate change, but with substantial uncertainty based on the used observations and models

Author

Fuckar, Neven S., Otto, Friederike E.L., Lehner, Flavio, Pinto, Izidine, Howard, Emma, Sparrow, Sarah, Li, Sihan, and Wallom, David

Subjects
Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Environmental aspects, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

Precipitation in southern Africa displays a notable zonal gradient (south of about 15[degrees]S there is a dominant contrast between dry west and wet east) and is characterized by a pronounced [...]

Published
2020
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18. Live Lectures or Online Videos: Students' Resource Choices in a First-Year University Mathematics Module

Author

Howard, Emma, Meehan, Maria, and Parnell, Andrew

Abstract

In "Maths for Business", a mathematics module for non-mathematics specialists, students are given the choice of completing the module content via short online videos, live lectures or a combination of both. In this study, we identify students' specific usage patterns with both of these resources and discuss their reasons for the preferences they exhibit. In 2015-2016, we collected quantitative data on each student's resource usage (attendance at live lectures and access of online videos) for the entire class of 522 students and employed model-based clustering which identified four distinct resource usage patterns with lectures and/or videos. We also collected qualitative data on students' perceptions of resource usage through a survey administered at the end of the semester, to which 161 students responded. The 161 survey responses were linked to each cluster and analysed using thematic analysis. Perceived benefits of videos include flexibility of scheduling and pace, and avoidance of large, long lectures. In contrast, the main perceived advantages of lectures are the ability to engage in group tasks, to ask questions, and to learn 'gradually'. Students in the two clusters with high lecture attendance achieved, on average, higher marks in the module.

Published
2018
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19. Performance and process-based evaluation of the BARPA-R Australasian regional climate model version 1.

Author

Howard, Emma, Su, Chun-Hsu, Stassen, Christian, Naha, Rajashree, Ye, Harvey, Pepler, Acacia, Bell, Samuel S., Dowdy, Andrew J., Tucker, Simon O., and Franklin, Charmaine

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC models, *DOWNSCALING (Climatology), *CLIMATE change models, *EFFECT of human beings on climate change, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *TROPICAL cyclones
Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is changing the Earth system processes that control the characteristics of natural hazards both globally and across Australia. Model projections of hazards under future climate change are necessary for effective adaptation. This paper presents BARPA-R (the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia), a regional climate model designed to downscale climate projections over the Australasian region with the purpose of investigating future hazards. BARPA-R, a limited-area model, has a 17 km horizontal grid spacing and makes use of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) atmospheric model and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model. To establish credibility and in compliance with the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) experiment design, the BARPA-R framework has been used to downscale ERA5 reanalysis. Here, an assessment of this evaluation experiment is provided. Performance-based evaluation results are benchmarked against ERA5, with comparable performance between the free-running BARPA-R simulations and observationally constrained reanalysis interpreted as a good result. First, an examination of BARPA-R's representation of Australia's surface air temperature, precipitation, and 10 m winds finds good performance overall, with biases including a 1 ∘ C cold bias in daily maximum temperatures, reduced diurnal temperature range, and wet biases up to 25 mm per month in inland Australia. Recent trends in daily maximum temperatures are consistent with observational products, while trends in minimum temperatures show overestimated warming and trends in precipitation show underestimated wetting in northern Australia. Precipitation and temperature teleconnections are effectively represented in BARPA-R when present in the driving boundary conditions, while 10 m winds are improved over ERA5 in six out of eight of the Australian regions considered. Secondly, the paper considers the representation of large-scale atmospheric circulation features and weather systems. While generally well represented, convection-related features such as tropical cyclones, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the Northwest Cloudband, and the monsoon westerlies show more divergence from observations and internal interannual variability than mid-latitude phenomena such as the westerly jets and extratropical cyclones. Having simulated a realistic Australasian climate, the BARPA-R framework will be used to downscale two climate change scenarios from seven CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Efficacy and safety of ciclosporin versus methotrexate in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in children and young people (TREAT): a multicentre, parallel group, assessor-blinded clinical trial

Author

Flohr, Carsten, primary, Rosala-Hallas, Anna, additional, Jones, Ashley P, additional, Beattie, Paula, additional, Baron, Susannah, additional, Browne, Fiona, additional, Brown, Sara J, additional, Gach, Joanna E, additional, Greenblatt, Danielle, additional, Hearn, Ross, additional, Hilger, Eva, additional, Esdaile, Ben, additional, Cork, Michael J, additional, Howard, Emma, additional, Lovgren, Marie-Louise, additional, August, Suzannah, additional, Ashoor, Farhiya, additional, Williamson, Paula R, additional, McPherson, Tess, additional, O’Kane, Donal, additional, Ravenscroft, Jane, additional, Shaw, Lindsay, additional, Sinha, Manish D, additional, Spowart, Catherine, additional, Taams, Leonie S, additional, Thomas, Bjorn R, additional, Wan, Mandy, additional, Sach, Tracey H, additional, and Irvine, Alan D, additional

Published
2023
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27. Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise

Author

McManus, I. C., Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Smith, Daniel T., Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Akeredolu, Alimatu-Sadia, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Aojula, Sonam, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Chatterjee, Shaunak, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, De Waal, Hanelie, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Hussain, Ifrah, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Sopian, Aninditya Salma, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Van Den Tooren, Harriet, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and Devine, Oliver Patrick

Published
2020
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28. The Analysis of Teaching of Medical Schools (AToMS) survey: an analysis of 47,258 timetabled teaching events in 25 UK medical schools relating to timing, duration, teaching formats, teaching content, and problem-based learning

Author

Devine, Oliver Patrick, Harborne, Andrew Christopher, Horsfall, Hugo Layard, Joseph, Tobin, Marshall-Andon, Tess, Samuels, Ryan, Kearsley, Joshua William, Abbas, Nadine, Baig, Hassan, Beecham, Joseph, Benons, Natasha, Caird, Charlie, Clark, Ryan, Cope, Thomas, Coultas, James, Debenham, Luke, Douglas, Sarah, Eldridge, Jack, Hughes-Gooding, Thomas, Jakubowska, Agnieszka, Jones, Oliver, Lancaster, Eve, MacMillan, Calum, McAllister, Ross, Merzougui, Wassim, Phillips, Ben, Phillips, Simon, Risk, Omar, Sage, Adam, Sooltangos, Aisha, Spencer, Robert, Tajbakhsh, Roxanne, Adesalu, Oluseyi, Aganin, Ivan, Ahmed, Ammar, Aiken, Katherine, Akeredolu, Alimatu-Sadia, Alam, Ibrahim, Ali, Aamna, Anderson, Richard, Ang, Jia Jun, Anis, Fady Sameh, Aojula, Sonam, Arthur, Catherine, Ashby, Alena, Ashraf, Ahmed, Aspinall, Emma, Awad, Mark, Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri, Badhrinarayanan, Shreya, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Barnes, Sam, Bassey-Duke, Daisy, Boreham, Charlotte, Braine, Rebecca, Brandreth, Joseph, Carrington, Zoe, Cashin, Zoe, Chatterjee, Shaunak, Chawla, Mehar, Chean, Chung Shen, Clements, Chris, Clough, Richard, Coulthurst, Jessica, Curry, Liam, Daniels, Vinnie Christine, Davies, Simon, Davis, Rebecca, De Waal, Hanelie, Desai, Nasreen, Douglas, Hannah, Druce, James, Ejamike, Lady-Namera, Esere, Meron, Eyre, Alex, Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal, Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia, Ford, Verity, Freeston, Sarah, Garnett, Katherine, General, Whitney, Gilbert, Helen, Gowie, Zein, Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran, Gudka, Keshni, Gumber, Leher, Gupta, Rishi, Harlow, Chris, Harrington, Amy, Heaney, Adele, Ho, Wing Hang Serene, Holloway, Lucy, Hood, Christina, Houghton, Eleanor, Houshangi, Saba, Howard, Emma, Human, Benjamin, Hunter, Harriet, Hussain, Ifrah, Hussain, Sami, Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas, Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen, Janjuha, Ryan, Jawad, Saleh, Jelani, Muzzamil, Johnston, David, Jones, Mike, Kalidindi, Sadhana, Kalsi, Savraj, Kalyanasundaram, Asanish, Kane, Anna, Kaur, Sahaj, Al-Othman, Othman Khaled, Khan, Qaisar, Khullar, Sajan, Kirkland, Priscilla, Lawrence-Smith, Hannah, Leeson, Charlotte, Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard, Long, Kerry, Lubbock, Simon, Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald, Maguire, Rachel, Mahendran, Praveen, Majeed, Saad, Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh, Mandagere, Vinay, Mantelakis, Angelos, McGovern, Sophie, Mosuro, Anjola, Moxley, Adam, Mustoe, Sophie, Myers, Sam, Nadeem, Kiran, Nasseri, Reza, Newman, Tom, Nzewi, Richard, Ogborne, Rosalie, Omatseye, Joyce, Paddock, Sophie, Parkin, James, Patel, Mohit, Pawar, Sohini, Pearce, Stuart, Penrice, Samuel, Purdy, Julian, Ramjan, Raisa, Randhawa, Ratan, Rasul, Usman, Raymond-Taggert, Elliot, Razey, Rebecca, Razzaghi, Carmel, Reel, Eimear, Revell, Elliot John, Rigbye, Joanna, Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Said, Abdelrahman, Sanders, Emma, Sangal, Pranoy, Grandal, Nora Sangvik, Shah, Aadam, Shah, Rahul Atul, Shotton, Oliver, Sims, Daniel, Smart, Katie, Smith, Martha Amy, Smith, Nick, Sopian, Aninditya Salma, South, Matthew, Speller, Jessica, Syer, Tom J., Ta, Ngan Hong, Tadross, Daniel, Thompson, Benjamin, Trevett, Jess, Tyler, Matthew, Ullah, Roshan, Utukuri, Mrudula, Vadera, Shree, Van Den Tooren, Harriet, Venturini, Sara, Vijayakumar, Aradhya, Vine, Melanie, Wellbelove, Zoe, Wittner, Liora, Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat, Ziyada, Farris, and McManus, I. C.

Published
2020
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30. British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Dermatology assessment and support of mental health in children and young people with skin conditions: a multidisciplinary expert consensus statement and recommendations.

Author

McPherson, Tess, Ravenscroft, Jane, Ali, Rukshana, Barlow, Richard, Beattie, Paula, Bewley, Anthony, Bennett, Sophie, Bleiker, Tanya, Buckley, Liz, Burgess, Gary, Copperwheat, Sarah, Cunliffe, Tim, Dejong, Hannah, Fazel, Mina, Heyman, Isobel, Howard, Emma, Lambert, Alice, Manktelow, Claire, Moledina, Zahra, and Mohandas, Padma

Subjects
YOUNG adults, PEDIATRIC dermatology, CHILDREN'S health, MENTAL health, MEDICAL personnel, NAIL diseases, MENTAL health screening
Abstract

Background Psychological and mental health difficulties are common in children and young people (CYP) living with skin conditions and can have a profound impact on wellbeing. There is limited guidance on how best to assess and support the mental health of this population, who are at risk of poor health outcomes. Objectives To provide consensus-based recommendations on the assessment and monitoring of and support for mental health difficulties in CYP with skin conditions (affecting the skin, hair and nails); to address practical clinical implementation questions relating to consensus guidance; and to provide audit and research recommendations. Methods This set of recommendations was developed with reference to the AGREE II instrument. A systematic review and literature appraisal was carried out. A multidisciplinary consensus group was convened, with two virtual panel meetings held: an initial meeting to discuss the scope of the study, to review the current evidence and to identify areas for development; and a second meeting to agree on the content and wording of the recommendations. Recommendations were then circulated to stakeholders, following which amendments were made and agreed by email. Results The expert panel achieved consensus on 11 recommendations for healthcare workers managing CYP with skin conditions. A new patient-completed history-taking aid ('You and Your Skin') was developed and is being piloted. Conclusions The recommendations focus on improved mental health assessments for CYP presenting with a skin condition, with clinical guidance and suggested screening measures included. Information on accessing psychological support for CYP, when required, is given, and recommendations for staff training in mental health and neurodiversity provided. Embedding a psychosocial approach within services treating CYP with skin disease should ensure that CYP with psychological needs are able to be identified, listened to, supported and treated. This is likely to improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Evaluation of multi-season convection permitting atmosphere - mixed layer ocean simulations of the Maritime Continent.

Author

Howard, Emma, Woolnough, Steven, Klingaman, Nicholas, Shipley, Daniel, Sanchez, Claudio, Peatman, Simon C., Birch, Cathryn E., and Matthews, Adrian J.

Subjects
*MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry), *OCEAN temperature, *OCEAN, *ATMOSPHERIC models, *ATMOSPHERE, *MARINE west coast climate, *MARITIME boundaries
Abstract

A multi-season convection permitting regional climate simulation of the Maritime Continent using the Met Office Unified Model with 2.2-km grid spacing is presented and evaluated. The simulations pioneer the use of atmosphere-ocean coupling with the multi-column K profile parametrisation (KPP) mixed layer ocean model in atmospheric convection permitting climate simulations. Comparisons are made against a convection parametrised simulation in which it is nested, and which in turn derives boundary conditions from ERA5 reanalysis. This paper describes the configuration, performance of the mean state and variability of the two simulations compared against observational datasets. The models both have minor sea surface temperature (SST) and wet precipitation biases. The diurnal cycle, representation of equatorial waves and relationship between SST and precipitation are all improved in the convection permitting model compared to the convection parametrised model. The MJO is present in both models with a faster than observed propagation speed. However, it is unclear whether fidelity of the MJO simulation is inherent to the model or whether it predominantly arises from the forcing at the boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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39. Performance and process-based evaluation of the BARPA-R Australasian regional climate model version 1.

Author

Howard, Emma, Chun-Hsu Su, Stassen, Christian, Naha, Rajashree, Ye, Harvey, Pepler, Acacia, Bell, Samuel S., Dowdy, Andrew J., Tucker, Simon O., and Franklin, Charmaine

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC models, *DOWNSCALING (Climatology), *EFFECT of human beings on climate change, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *ATMOSPHERIC circulation, *TROPICAL cyclones
Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is changing the earth system processes that control the characteristics of natural hazards both globally and across Australia. Model projections of hazards under future climate change are necessary for effective adaptation. This paper presents BARPA-R (the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia), a regional climate model designed to downscale climate projections over the Australasian region with the purpose to investigate future hazards. BARPA-R, a limited area model, has a 17 km horizontal grid-spacing and makes use of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) atmospheric model and the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model. To establish credibility and in compliance with the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) experiment design, the BARPA-R framework has been used to downscale ERA-5 reanalysis. Here, an assessment of this evaluation experiment is provided. First, an examination of BARPA-R's representation of Australia's surface air temperature, rainfall and 10-m winds finds good performance overall, with biases including a 1K cold bias in daily maximum temperatures, reduced diurnal temperature range, and wet biases up to 25 mm/month in inland Australia. Recent trends in diurnal maximum temperatures are consistent with observational products, while trends in minimum temperatures show overestimated warming and trends in rainfall show underestimated wetting in northern Australia. Rainfall and temperature teleconnections are effectively represented in BARPA-R when present in the driving boundary conditions, while 10-metre winds are improved over ERA5 in six out of eight of the Australian regions considered. The second section of the paper considers the representation of large-scale atmospheric circulation features and weather systems. While generally well represented, convection-related features such as tropical cyclones, the SPCZ, Northwest Cloud-Bands and the monsoon westerlies show more divergence from observations and internal interannual variability than mid-latitude phenomena such as the westerly jets and extra-tropical cyclones. Having simulated a realistic Australasian climate, the BARPA-R framework will be used to downscale two climate change scenarios from seven CMIP6 GCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Florida Players UF theater club moves forward with season despite funding cut

Author

Howard, Emma

Subjects
Theater, Theaters, Theater companies, Company financing, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Emma Howard Confronted with low budget funding, the Florida Players have continued to fundraise this Fall to make sure the show still goes on. Florida Players, a student-led theater [...]

Published
2022

45. Protocol: A scoping literature review of the Impact and Evaluation of Mathematics and Statistics Support in Higher Education

Author

Mullen, Claire, Howard, Emma, and Cronin, Anthony

Subjects
Mixed methods, Mathematics and Statistics Support, Support services, Scoping Review, Science and Mathematics Education, Protocol, Higher Education, Education
Abstract

This registration provides the study protocol for "A scoping literature review of the Impact and Evaluation of Mathematics and Statistics Support in Higher Education". The study aims to explore what data Mathematics and Statistics Support (MSS) provisions are gathering, how they are analysing that data (including quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods), and how they use the results of that analysis, with a particular focus on the impact of MSS on students, both users and non-users. For the full protocol please read the PDF.

Published
2022
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48. Weather patterns in Southeast Asia: Enhancing high‐impact weather subseasonal forecast skill.

Author

Gonzalez, Paula L. M., Howard, Emma, Ferrett, Samantha, Frame, Thomas H. A., Martínez‐Alvarado, Oscar, Methven, John, and Woolnough, Steven J.

Subjects
*NUMERICAL weather forecasting, *RAINFALL, *WEATHER, *WEATHER forecasting, *PREDICTION models, *LONG-range weather forecasting, EL Nino
Abstract

While skilful forecasts of heavy rainfall are highly desirable for weather warnings and mitigating impacts, forecasting such events is notoriously difficult, even with the most advanced numerical weather prediction models, due to the strong dependence on convective‐scale processes. The large‐scale circulation, on the other hand, is typically more predictable. Weather patterns (WPs) are a set of circulation types obtained statistically that can be used to characterize regional weather and harness the predictability of the large‐scale circulation. In this work we produce pattern‐conditioned probabilistic rainfall forecasts by projecting the horizontal winds from the Met Office GloSea5 prediction system on to WPs and then using the observed relationship between each WP and rainfall estimated by satellite. The WPs are derived following a novel two‐tier clustering technique: the WPs in the first tier represent planetary‐scale variability, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while the WPs in the second tier capture synoptic‐scale variability. We investigate WP predictability as well as the improvement in skill of subseasonal rainfall forecasts gained by this technique. GloSea5 predicts the WP occurrence with skill extending beyond lead day 10. The pattern‐conditioned rainfall forecasts were evaluated against climatological forecasts and model‐simulated rainfall hindcasts. We show that the pattern‐conditioned forecasts are skilful and outperform the model‐simulated rainfall hindcasts for lead times extending to days 10–20, depending on the specific exceedance criteria and region. Spatial aggregation leads to increased levels of skill, but not to a significant extension of the skilful prediction horizon. These results constitute a fundamental step for the development of subseasonal prediction systems for Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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