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6. Preferences for virtual versus in-person mental and physical healthcare in Canada: a descriptive study from a cohort of youth and their parents enriched for severe mental illness

Author

Mazurka, Raegan, primary, Vallis, Emily Howes, additional, Chen, Lucy, additional, Freeman, Kathryn, additional, Langley, Ross, additional, Ross, Briana, additional, Arora, Swasti, additional, Kahn, Mica, additional, Howard, Cynthia, additional, Liu, Dara, additional, Cumby, Jill, additional, Brennan, Maureen L, additional, Hickcox, Samuel E, additional, Bagnell, Alexa L, additional, Propper, Lukas, additional, Pavlova, Barbara, additional, and Uher, Rudolf, additional

Published
2024
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8. Depressive symptoms in youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal investigation of patterns dependent on age, sex, and family history of mental illness.

Author

Howes Vallis, Emily, Stephens, Meg, Ross, Briana, Rempel, Sheri, Howard, Cynthia, Liu, Dara, Villars, Kelsey, Mazurka, Raegan, Cumby, Jill, Alda, Martin, Pavlova, Barbara, and Uher, Rudolf

Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology, CROSS-sectional method, FAMILY history (Medicine), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, LONGITUDINAL method, CONFIDENCE intervals, MENTAL depression, COVID-19 pandemic, SOCIAL classes, REGRESSION analysis, ADOLESCENCE, ADULTS
Abstract

Background: Cross-sectional studies report high levels of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in youth and females. However, longitudinal research comparing depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic is lacking. Little is known about how the pandemic affected individuals with familial history of mental illness. The present study examines the impact of the pandemic on youth depressive symptoms, including offspring of parents with major mood and psychotic disorders. Methods: Between March 2018 and February 2020, we measured depressive symptoms in 412 youth aged 5–25 years. We measured depressive symptoms again in 371 (90%) of these youth between April 2020 and May 2022. Two thirds (249) participants had a biological parent with a major mood or psychotic disorder. We tested the effect of the pandemic by comparing depression symptoms before and after March 2020. We examined age, sex, and family history as potential moderators. Results: We found an overall small increase in youth depressive symptoms (b = 0.07, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.15, p = 0.062). This was driven by an increase in female youth without familial history of mental illness (b = 0.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.56, p = 0.001). There was no change in depressive symptoms among offspring of parents with mental illness or males. Conclusions: Our results provide reassurance about the wellbeing of children of parents with mental illness during a period of restricted access to resources outside the family. Rather than increasing symptoms in established risk groups, the pandemic led to a redistribution of depression burden towards segments of the youth population that were previously considered to be low-risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Depressive symptoms in youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal investigation of patterns dependent on age, sex, and family history of mental illness

Author

Howes Vallis, Emily, primary, Stephens, Meg, additional, Ross, Briana, additional, Rempel, Sheri, additional, Howard, Cynthia, additional, Liu, Dara, additional, Villars, Kelsey, additional, Mazurka, Raegan, additional, Cumby, Jill, additional, Alda, Martin, additional, Pavlova, Barbara, additional, and Uher, Rudolf, additional

Published
2023
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11. List of Contributors

Author

Acosta, Anna M., primary, Acuin, Jose M., additional, Adam, Rodney D., additional, Afroze, Farzana, additional, Ahmed, Nadia, additional, Ahmed, Sabeena, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Ahmed, A.M. Shamsir, additional, Ali, S. Asad, additional, Ali, Ibne K., additional, Alroy, Karen A., additional, Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., additional, Ansong, Daniel, additional, Anstead, Gregory M., additional, Appleby, Laura J., additional, Armah, George E., additional, Aronson, Naomi E., additional, Aston, Stephen J., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Bartelt, Luther A., additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Beadling, Charles W., additional, Beeching, Nicholas J., additional, Bennish, Michael L., additional, Bern, Caryn, additional, Bernstein, Wendy B., additional, Bird, Brian H., additional, Bloom, Allyson K., additional, Bodeker, Gerard, additional, Boyer Chammard, Timothée, additional, Bradsher, Robert W., additional, Brooker, Simon J., additional, Brooks, W. Abdullah, additional, Brouqui, Philippe, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Brown, Michael R., additional, Broyles, Laura N., additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bundy, Donald A.P., additional, Burton, Matthew, additional, Cabrera-Sosa, Luis, additional, Callahan, Michael V., additional, Carapetis, Jonathan R., additional, Cardemil, Cristina V., additional, Carrol, Enitan D., additional, Caswell, Rachel, additional, Caumes, Eric, additional, Cavalheiro, Ana P., additional, Chan, Abner L., additional, Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew, additional, Checkley, Anna M., additional, Chen, Lin H., additional, Chher, Tepirou, additional, Chiong, Charlotte M., additional, Chisti, M. Jobayer, additional, Christiani, David C., additional, Clark, Taryn N., additional, Connor, Bradley A., additional, Conway, Devin J., additional, Cooper, Philip J., additional, Cope, Jennifer R., additional, Coughlin, R. Richard, additional, Coulibaly, Yaya I., additional, Coyle, Christina M., additional, Crozier, Ian, additional, Cunliffe, Nigel A., additional, Cupido, Blanche, additional, Curren, Emily J., additional, Danta, Mark, additional, Day, Nicholas P.J., additional, Debboun, Mustapha, additional, DeFraites, Robert F., additional, Dekumyoy, Paron, additional, del Castillo, Maria, additional, den Hoed, Caroline M., additional, de Silva, Nilanthi, additional, Deye, Gregory, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca A., additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Durward, Callum S., additional, Eddleston, Michael, additional, El-Kamary, Samer S., additional, Elshaboury, Ramy H., additional, Endtz, Hubert P., additional, Endy, Timothy P., additional, Fang, Shona C., additional, Fawzi, Wafaie, additional, Feasey, Nicholas A., additional, Field, Vanessa K., additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Forsyth, Kevin, additional, Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Furin, Jennifer J., additional, Gandhi, Ronak G., additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Garcia, Lynne S., additional, Geretti, Anna Maria, additional, Gikas, Achilleas, additional, Gilman, Robert H., additional, Giri, Sidhartha, additional, Gkika, Meropi, additional, Gordon, Melita A., additional, Gosselin, Richard A., additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Gould, Carolyn V., additional, Graeff-Teixeira, Carlos, additional, Graham, Stephen M., additional, Grant, Alison D., additional, Graybill, John R., additional, Graz, Bertrand, additional, Green, Stephen T., additional, Griffiths, Jeffrey K., additional, Griffiths, Michael J., additional, Gryseels, Bruno, additional, Gubler, Duane J., additional, Guhadasan, Rathi, additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Hamer, Davidson H., additional, Hand, Robert M., additional, Harley, David, additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Hassall, Oliver, additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hickey, Patrick, additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Hobdell, Martin H., additional, Hochberg, Natasha S., additional, Hopkins, Donald R., additional, Hossain, M. Iqbal, additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Howard, Cynthia R., additional, Hu, Victor, additional, Hung, Chien-Ching, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Iturriza-Gómara, Miren, additional, Joekes, Elizabeth, additional, Johnston, Victoria, additional, Jose, Jo-Ann, additional, Junghanss, Thomas, additional, Kamgno, Joseph, additional, Kampondeni, Sam, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kazanjian, Powel, additional, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam, additional, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Marzieh, additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Kim, Arthur Y., additional, Kim, Sung-Han, additional, King, Christopher L., additional, Kittitrakul, Chatporn, additional, Kleine, Christian, additional, Klion, Amy D., additional, Knight, Richard, additional, Koren, Michael, additional, Kottilil, Shyamasundaran, additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Krishna, Sanjeev, additional, Kuhn, Jens H., additional, Kuipers, Ernst J., additional, LaBeaud, Angelle D., additional, Labra, Patrick John P., additional, Lalloo, David G., additional, Lambert, Saba, additional, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, LaRocque, Regina C., additional, Last, Anna, additional, Lawrenson, John, additional, Le, Thuy, additional, Lee, Keun Hwa, additional, Lewis, David A., additional, Libraty, Daniel H., additional, Lo, Nathan C., additional, Lockwood, Diana N.J., additional, Lockwood, Stephen J., additional, Lommerse, Kinke, additional, López-Vélez, Rogelio, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, Mabey, David, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguiña, Ciro P., additional, Manji, Hadi, additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Maurin, Max, additional, Mayaud, Philippe, additional, Mayosi, Bongani M., additional, M'baya, Bridon, additional, McCarthy, Matthew W., additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, McCormick, Joseph B., additional, McKew, Stephen, additional, McLellan, Susan L.F., additional, McMinn, Peter C., additional, Mertz, Gregory, additional, Milner, Danny A., additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M., additional, Montgomery, Susan P., additional, Moonah, Shannon, additional, Moss, William J., additional, Murrell, K. Darwin, additional, Nanda, Neha, additional, Navarro, Eileen E., additional, Ndayizeye, Leonard, additional, Neafie, Ronald C., additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nelson, Ann M., additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nichol, Stuart T., additional, Norman, Francesca F., additional, Nunes, Marcio R.T., additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, Nyirenda, Tonney S., additional, Ochoa, Theresa J., additional, O'Farrell, Nigel, additional, Olayemi, Edeghonghon, additional, Oldfield, Edward C., additional, Omidian, Zahra, additional, Ordaya, Eloy E., additional, Paddock, Christopher D., additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Papanikolaou, Ilias C., additional, Paris, Luc, additional, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Patel, Pragna, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Peeling, Rosanna W., additional, Persson, Hans, additional, Phillips, Jonathan J., additional, Phillips, Richard O., additional, Poovorawan, Kittiyod, additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Qamar, Farah Naz, additional, Qureshi, Sonia, additional, Rabe, Ingrid B., additional, Rahman, Atif, additional, Rahmati, Elham, additional, Raizes, Elliot, additional, Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rein, Michael F., additional, Retik, Alan B., additional, Reynes, Jean-Marc, additional, Rhatigan, Joseph J., additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Riddle, Mark S., additional, Rimoin, Anne W., additional, Riviello, Robert, additional, Robert, Leon L., additional, Rodrigues, Ema G., additional, Rodriguez, Rubens, additional, Ronald, Allan R., additional, Rosenthal, Benjamin M., additional, Rosmarin, David, additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Saavedra, Arturo, additional, Schiaffino, Francesca, additional, Schumacher, Sandra K., additional, Sejvar, James J., additional, Sethi, Aisha, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Seydel, Karl B., additional, Shah, Melisa M., additional, Shakoor, Sadia, additional, Shankar, Anuraj H., additional, Sharp, Trueman W., additional, Shin, Sonya S., additional, Shirley, Debbie-Ann, additional, Silachamroon, Udomsak, additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Snelling, Thomas L., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steiger, Samantha N., additional, Stewart, Robert C., additional, Stich, August, additional, Strickman, Daniel, additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Suhrbier, Andreas, additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., additional, Tappe, Dennis, additional, Taylor, Terrie E., additional, Thanh, Nguyen Tat, additional, Thanh, Nguyen Thi, additional, Thwaites, C. Louise, additional, Thwaites, Guy E., additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap S.P., additional, Tsenempi, Xenia A., additional, Turner, Angus W., additional, van den Broek, Nynke R., additional, van Doorn, H. Rogier, additional, Van Sickels, Nicholas J., additional, Vannier, Edouard, additional, Varda, Briony K., additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., additional, Vega-López, Francisco, additional, Vietri, Nicholas J., additional, Vinetz, Joseph M., additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, Vyas, Keyur S., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H., additional, Warraich, Haider J., additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Warrell, Mary J., additional, Watt, George, additional, Wattanagoon, Yupaporn, additional, Watthanakulpanich, Dorn, additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Weil, Ana A., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, White, Nicholas J., additional, Whitty, Christopher J.M., additional, Wilson, Mary E., additional, Xavier, Ramnik J., additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Yoon, In-Kyu, additional, Yu, Hongjie, additional, and Zaidi, Anita K.M., additional

Published
2020
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13. Exploring Initiative as a Signal of Knowledge Co-Construction during Collaborative Problem Solving

Author

Howard, Cynthia, Di Eugenio, Barbara, Jordan, Pamela, and Katz, Sandra

Abstract

Peer interaction has been found to be conducive to learning in many settings. Knowledge co-construction (KCC) has been proposed as one explanatory mechanism. However, KCC is a theoretical construct that is too abstract to guide the development of instructional software that can support peer interaction. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of a corpus of peer dialogs that we collected in the domain of introductory Computer Science. We show that the notion of "task initiative shifts" correlates with both KCC and learning. Speakers take task initiative when they contribute new content that advances problem solving and that is not invited by their partner; if initiative shifts between the partners, it indicates they both contribute to problem solving. We found that task initiative shifts occur more frequently within KCC episodes than outside. In addition, task initiative shifts within KCC episodes correlate with learning for low pre-testers, and total task initiative shifts correlate with learning for high pre-testers. As recognizing task initiative shifts does not require as much deep knowledge as recognizing KCC, task initiative shifts as an indicator of productive collaboration are potentially easier to model in instructional software that simulates a peer.

Published
2017
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14. Shifting the Load: A Peer Dialogue Agent That Encourages Its Human Collaborator to Contribute More to Problem Solving

Author

Howard, Cynthia, Jordan, Pamela, Di Eugenio, Barbara, and Katz, Sandra

Abstract

Despite a growing need for educational tools that support students at the earliest phases of undergraduate Computer Science (CS) curricula, relatively few such tools exist--the majority being Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Since peer interactions more readily give rise to challenges and negotiations, another way in which students can become more interactive during problem solving, we created an artificial peer collaborator to determine its value for aiding CS students. Central to its development was the notion that it should monitor the student's collaborative behavior and attempt to guide him/her towards more productive behavior. In prior work, we found that "initiative shifts" correlate with both Knowledge Co-Construction (KCC) and learning and are potentially easier to model as an indicator of productive collaboration in instructional software. In this paper, we describe a unique peer dialogue agent that we created to test the effects of tracking and reacting to initiative shifts. While our study did not find differences in learning gains when comparing agents that do and do not track and react to initiative shifts, we did find that students do learn when interacting with the agent and that attempting to influence initiative taking did make a difference. This suggests that by tracking initiative shifts, the agent was able to detect times when the student had been letting the agent do most of the "deep thinking" and that the agent's tactics for encouraging the student to begin taking the initiative again were helpful.

Published
2017
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16. Low-Level Prenatal Toxin Exposures and Breastfeeding Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Rosen-Carole, Casey B., Auinger, Peggy, Howard, Cynthia R., Brownell, Elizabeth A., and Lanphear, Bruce P.

Subjects
Smoking -- Health aspects, Pregnancy -- Health aspects, Breast feeding -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Introduction Maternal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with shortened breastfeeding duration, but few studies have examined the effects on breastfeeding outcomes of low level exposures to other toxic chemicals. Moreover, it is unclear if passive smoking is associated with duration of breastfeeding. Our objective was therefore to examine the effect of low-level prenatal exposures to common environmental toxins (tobacco smoke, lead, and phthalates) on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Methods We conducted an analysis of data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Serum and urine samples were collected at approximately 16 and 26 weeks gestation and at delivery from 373 women; 302 breastfed their infants. Maternal infant feeding interviews were conducted a maximum of eight times through 30 months postpartum. The main predictor variables for this study were gestational exposures to tobacco smoke (measured by serum cotinine), lead, and phthalates. Passive smoke exposure was defined as cotinine levels of 0.015-3.0 [mu]g/mL. Primary outcomes were duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. Results Serum cotinine concentrations were negatively associated with the duration of any breastfeeding (29.9 weeks unexposed vs. 24.9 weeks with passive exposure, p = 0.04; and 22.4 weeks with active exposure, p = 0.12; p = 0.03 for linear trend), but not duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Prenatal levels of blood lead and urinary phthalate metabolites were not significantly associated with duration of any or exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions Passive exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy was associated with shortened duration of any breastfeeding., Author(s): Casey B. Rosen-Carole [sup.1] , Peggy Auinger [sup.1] , Cynthia R. Howard [sup.1] , Elizabeth A. Brownell [sup.2] , Bruce P. Lanphear [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) University of Rochester [...]

Published
2017
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18. Craving Sweet Success: A Recipe for Developing a Global Health Education Consortium (or Any Consortium, for That Matter).

Author

Pitt, Michael B., Butteris, Sabrina M., Howard, Cynthia R., Schubert, Charles, Fischer, Philip R., Bothe, Denise, and St Clair, Nicole E.

Abstract

More than a decade ago, two faculty met at a conference. Each talked about how they were charged with leading global health education efforts at their institutions and longed to have an opportunity to share resources and learn from each other. After reaching out to a few other Midwestern colleagues and finding a date, the first Midwest Consortium of Global Child Health Educators meeting was held in Madison, WI. Now, after a dozen annual meetings, more than 30 articles, chapters, abstracts, and workshops, as well as the creating, piloting, and sharing of several widely used curricula in global health education, the founding consortium members share the practical steps for faculty looking to form similar regional consortia around shared interests. In this article, the authors provide a recipe for the successful formation of an academic consortium based on the lessons learned from their experience. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(9):e351–e356.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Comparison of Infant Bone Mineral Content and Density After Infant Daily Oral Vit D 400 IU Supplementation Versus Nursing Mother Oral 6,400 IU Supplementation: A Randomized Controlled Lactation Study

Author

Andrews, Laura, primary, Phlegar, Kristen, additional, Baatz, John E., additional, Ebeling, Myla D., additional, Shary, Judy R., additional, Gregoski, Mathew J., additional, Howard, Cynthia R., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, and Wagner, Carol L., additional

Published
2022
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25. Adapting the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring survey to enhance locally available data: methods

Author

Dozier, Ann M., Brownell, Elizabeth, Guido, Joseph, Yang, Hongmei, Howard, Cynthia A., Doniger, Andrew, Ossip, Deborah, and Lawrence, Ruth

Subjects
Pregnancy, Complications of -- Risk factors -- Prevention -- Research, Mothers -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects -- Research, Health risk assessment -- Methods -- Usage, Health care industry
Abstract

Despite the increasing emphasis on pre- and interconception planning, perinatal data available to local municipalities and organizations is often limited to that on the birth certificate. A partnership between a local health department and an academic medical center sought to overcome this gap. Using the core questions from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) and a stratified random sample methodology (by income) in a county with ~8,000 annual births we mailed 2,462 surveys to mothers who gave birth between May 2009 and April 2010. Mailings occurred at 4-5 months postpartum. Low income mothers (those with a Medicaid-funded delivery and/or prenatal WIC enrollment) were oversampled based on a projected response rate of 35% (rate for non-low income was 55%). Over 1,000 usable surveys were returned and linked with birth certificate data. Target response rates were achieved. 9.4% of addresses for low income mothers were undeliverable (vs. 4.2% of non-low income). Both low and non-low income respondents were more likely to be over age 18 and White. After statistical adjustments the survey dataset was demographically similar to the original birth data. Personnel and non-personnel costs per usable survey exceeded $20. Collecting local data using a modified PRAMS methodology is feasible but requires expertise in survey, data management and birth certificate data and local knowledge about survey response patterns. These types of data can serve to inform policy and program planning and provide data to support relevant funding requests. Keywords Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system * Health department * Local surveillance methods, Introduction The availability of perinatal data at the local level is typically limited to that included in the birth certificate (BC). Other data sources such as the Pregnancy Risk Assessment [...]

Published
2014
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28. Labor epidural anesthesia, obstetric factors and breastfeeding cessation

Author

Dozier, Ann M., Howard, Cynthia R., Brownell, Elizabeth A., Wissler, Richard N., Glantz, J. Christopher, Ternullo, Sharon R., Thevenet-Morrison, Kelly N., Childs, Cynthia K., and Lawrence, Ruth A.

Subjects
Peridural anesthesia -- Usage -- Health aspects, Maternal health services -- Research, Breast feeding -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Breastfeeding benefits both infant and maternal health. Use of epidural anesthesia during labor is increasingly common and may interfere with breastfeeding. Studies analyzing epidural anesthesia's association with breastfeeding outcomes show mixed results; many have methodological flaws. We analyzed potential associations between epidural anesthesia and overall breast-feeding cessation within 30 days postpartum while adjusting for standard and novel covariates and uniquely accounting for labor induction. A pooled analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and modified Cox Proportional Hazard models included 772 breastfeeding mothers from upstate New York who had vaginal term births of healthy singleton infants. Subjects were drawn from two cohort studies (recruited postpartum between 2005 and 2008) and included maternal self-report and maternal and infant medical record data. Analyses of potential associations between epidural anesthesia and overall breastfeeding cessation within 1 month included additional covariates and uniquely accounted for labor induction. After adjusting for standard demographics and intrapartum factors, epidural anesthesia significantly predicted breastfeeding cessation (hazard ratio 1.26 [95 % confidence interval 1.10, 1.44], p < 0.01) as did hospital type, maternal age, income, education, planned breastfeeding goal, and breastfeeding confidence. In post hoc analyses stratified by Baby Friendly Hospital (BFH) status, epidural anesthesia significantly predicted breastfeeding cessation (BFH: 1.19 [1.01, 1.41], p < 0.04; non-BFH: 1.65 [1.31, 2.08], p < 0.01). A relationship between epidural anesthesia and breastfeeding was found but is complex and involves institutional, clinical, maternal and infant factors. These findings have implications for clinical care and hospital policies and point to the need for prospective studies. Keywords Breastfeeding * Lactation * Epidural analgesia * Oxytocin, Introduction The importance of breastfeeding to the short- and long-term health of children and their mothers is significant and well documented [1]. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding [...]

Published
2013
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31. Asymptomatic malaria and other infections in children adopted from ethiopia, United States, 2006-2011

Author

Adebo, Senait M., Eckerle, Judith K., Andrews, Mary E., Howard, Cynthia R., and John, Chandy C.

Subjects
Molecular diagnostic techniques -- Methods, Pediatric diseases -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis, Adoptees -- Health aspects, Malaria -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis, Health
Abstract

International adoptees are at increased risk for infectious diseases (1). During 2007-2012, Ethiopia was 1 of the top 5 countries of origin for children who were adopted by persons in [...]

Published
2015
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37. List of Contributors

Author

Acuin, Jose M, primary, Adam, Rodney D, additional, Agbenyega, Tsiri, additional, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Ali, S Asad, additional, Anstead, Gregory M, additional, Armah, George E, additional, Aston, Stephen J, additional, Ballard, Ronald C, additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D, additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Beadling, Charles W, additional, Beeching, Nicholas J, additional, Bennish, Michael L, additional, Bern, Caryn, additional, Bia, Frank J, additional, Bird, Brian H, additional, Bloom, Allyson K, additional, Bodeker, Gerard, additional, Bradsher, Robert W, additional, Broek, Nynke van den, additional, Brooker, Simon, additional, Brooks, John T, additional, Brooks, W Abdullah, additional, Brouqui, Philippe, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bundy, Donald AP, additional, Bunnag, Danai, additional, Caballero, Benjamin, additional, Callahan, Michael V, additional, Camerlin, Aulasa J, additional, Campbell, Grant L, additional, Carapetis, Jonathan R, additional, Carrol, Enitan D, additional, Caumes, Eric, additional, Charrel, Remi N, additional, Checkley, Anna M, additional, Chhabra, Mala, additional, Chher, Tepirou, additional, Chiong, Charlotte M, additional, Chisti, M Jobayer, additional, Christiani, David C, additional, Connor, Bradley A, additional, Cooper, Edward S, additional, Cooper, Philip J, additional, Coughlin, R Richard, additional, Cross, John H, additional, Cunliffe, Nigel N, additional, Danta, Mark, additional, Day, Nicholas PJ, additional, Dekumyoy, Paron, additional, deSilva, Nilanthi, additional, Deye, Gregory, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Doorn, H Rogier van, additional, Doudier, Barbara, additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Dromer, Françoise, additional, Eddleston, Michael, additional, El-Kamary, Samer S, additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Fawzi, Wafaie, additional, Feasey, Nicholas A, additional, Field, Vanessa, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Fisher-Hoch, Susan, additional, Forsyth, Kevin, additional, Fox, LeAnne M, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M, additional, Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson, additional, Garcia, Hector H, additional, Garcia, Lynne S, additional, Geretti, Anna-Maria, additional, Gikas, Achilleas, additional, Gilman, Robert H, additional, Gonzalez, Victor Javier Sanchez, additional, Gordon, Melita A, additional, Gosselin, Richard A, additional, Graham, Stephen M, additional, Grant, Alison D, additional, Gray, James J, additional, Graybill, John R, additional, Graz, Bertrand, additional, Green, Stephen, additional, Griffiths, Jeffrey K, additional, Gryseels, Bruno, additional, Gubler, Duane J, additional, Guhadasan, Rathi, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Hamer, Davidson, additional, Harley, David, additional, Harris, Jason B, additional, Hartman, Amy L, additional, Hassall, Oliver, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Heyns, Chris F, additional, Hill, David R, additional, Hobdell, Martin H, additional, Hoed, Caroline M den, additional, Holtz, Meredith L, additional, Hossain, M Iqbal, additional, Hotez, Peter J, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Howard, Cynthia R, additional, Hung, Chien-Ching, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Joekes, Elizabeth, additional, Johnston, Victoria, additional, Kampondeni, Sam, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kazanjian, Powel, additional, Keystone, Jay S, additional, Khan, Wasif Ali, additional, Kim, Arthur Y, additional, King, Christopher L, additional, Klion, Amy D, additional, Knight, Richard, additional, Krause, Peter James, additional, Krishna, Sanjeev, additional, Kuipers, Ernst J, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle D, additional, Lalloo, David G, additional, Lamballerie, Xavier De, additional, Lambert, Saba, additional, LaRocque, Regina C, additional, Lawrenson, John, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, Libraty, Daniel H, additional, Lockwood, Diana NJ, additional, Lommerse, Kinke M, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, López-Vélez, Rogelio, additional, Lopman, Benjamin A, additional, Mabey, David, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguiña, Ciro, additional, Mahmood, Syed Faisal, additional, Maitland, Kathryn, additional, Manji, Hadi, additional, Marston, Barbara J, additional, Mathew, Anu, additional, Mathews, Christine E, additional, Maurin, Max, additional, Maurtua-Neumann, Paola J, additional, Mayaud, Philippe, additional, Mayosi, Bongani M, additional, McCormick, Joseph B, additional, McKew, Stephen, additional, McLellan, Susan LF, additional, McMinn, Peter C, additional, Mega, Joseph D, additional, Meier, Donald E, additional, Million, Matthieu, additional, Mittal, Veena, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M, additional, Montgomery, Susan P, additional, Morera, Pedro, additional, Moro, Pedro L, additional, Moss, William J, additional, Murrell, K Darwin, additional, Nakagomi, Osamu, additional, Nakagomi, Toyoko, additional, Nanda, Neha, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Navaro, Eileen E, additional, Neafie, Ronald C, additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nelson, Ann M, additional, Newton, Paul N, additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Nichol, Stuart T, additional, Norman, Francesca F, additional, Nunes, Marcio RT, additional, Nutman, Thomas B, additional, Oberhelman, Richard A, additional, Oldfield, Edward C, additional, Ordaya, Eloy E, additional, Paddock, Christopher D, additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Papanikolaou, Ilias C, additional, Pappas, Georgios, additional, Paris, Luc, additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, Parry, Christopher M, additional, Patel, Manish M, additional, Peacock, Sharon J, additional, Peeling, Rosanna, additional, Persson, Hans, additional, Peters, Philip J, additional, Phillips, Jonathan J, additional, Phillips, Richard O, additional, Qamar, Farah Naz, additional, Rahman, Atif, additional, Rajab, Jamilla, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rein, Michael F, additional, Renvoisé, Aurélié, additional, Reynes, Jean-Marc, additional, Richards, Frank O, additional, Richens, John, additional, Rimoin, Anne W, additional, Riviello, Robert, additional, Rodrigues, Ema G, additional, Ronald, Allan R, additional, Rosenthal, Benjamin M, additional, Rosmarin, David, additional, Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto, additional, Ryan, Edward T, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Saavedra, Arturo, additional, Schantz, Peter M, additional, Schountz, Tony, additional, Schumacher, Sandra K, additional, Sejvar, James J, additional, Sethi, Aisha, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J, additional, Sharma, Om Prakash, additional, Sharp, Trueman W, additional, Shankar, Anuraj H, additional, Shin, Sonya S, additional, Shlim, David R, additional, Sickels, Nicholas J van, additional, Sitas, Freddy, additional, Snelling, Thomas L, additional, Socolovschi, Cristina, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Staples, J Erin, additional, Stewart, Robert C, additional, Stich, August, additional, Strickland, G Thomas, additional, Suh, Kathryn N, additional, Suhrbier, Andreas, additional, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G, additional, Swierczewski, Brett E, additional, Tarpley, John L, additional, Taylor, Hugh R, additional, Taylor, Terrie, additional, Thomas, Harry J, additional, Thwaites, C Louise, additional, Thwaites, Guy E, additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap SP, additional, Tu, Phan Van, additional, Turner, Angus W, additional, Vannier, Edouard, additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro FC, additional, Vega-López, Fransisco, additional, Velarde, Jorge J, additional, Vietri, Nicholas J, additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S, additional, Vyas, Keyur S, additional, Wakeham, Katie, additional, Walsh, Thomas J, additional, Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H, additional, Warrell, David A, additional, Warrell, Mary J, additional, Warraich, Haider J, additional, Watt, George, additional, Wattanagoon, Yupaporn, additional, Watthanakulpanich, Dorn, additional, Weaver, Scott C, additional, Webman, Rachel B, additional, Weidle, Paul J, additional, Weiss, Louis M, additional, White, Nicholas J, additional, Whitty, Christopher JM, additional, Woodhall, Dana M, additional, Wright, Stephen G, additional, Xavier, Ramnik J, additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Yu, Hongjie, additional, and Zaidi, Anita KM, additional

Published
2013
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39. Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in respiratory tract infection in US children

Author

Chantry, Caroline J., Howard, Cynthia R., and Auinger, Peggy

Subjects
Respiratory tract infections -- Care and treatment, Breast feeding -- Health aspects
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for an infant&apos;s first 6 months of life. When compared with exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months, greater protection against gastrointestinal infection, but not respiratory tract infection, has been demonstrated for the 6-month duration. The objective of this study was to ascertain if full breastfeeding of [greater than or equal to] 6 months compared with 4 to METHODS. Secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, a nationally representative cross-sectional home survey conducted from 1988 to 1994, was performed. Data from 2277 children aged 6 to RESULTS. In unadjusted analyses, infants who were fully breastfed for 4 to CONCLUSIONS. This nationally representative study documents increased risk of respiratory tract infection including pneumonia and recurrent OM in children who were fully breastfed for 4 vs 6 months. These findings support current recommendations that infants receive only breast milk for the first 6 months of life. Key Words breastfeeding, benefits, respiratory infections, infant feeding, nutrition-infant Abbreviations WHO--World Health Organization URI--upper respiratory infection OM--otitis media NHANES--National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ROM--recurrent otitis media OM FullBF FullBF1-3--fully breastfed for 1 to FullBF4-5--fully breastfed for 4 to FullBF[greater than or equal to] 6--fully breastfed for [greater than or equal to] 6 months OR--odds ratio CI--confidence interval no BF--not breastfed, BREASTFEEDING BENEFITS HAVE been demonstrated in multiple studies to be dose-responsive or, in other words, related to the amount of breast milk received. (1-5) For example, fully breastfed infants have [...]

Published
2006

40. Safety Aspects of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Maternal and Infant Vitamin D Supplementation by Feeding Type Through 7 Months Postpartum

Author

Wagner, Carol L., primary, Hulsey, Thomas C., additional, Ebeling, Myla, additional, Shary, Judy R., additional, Asghari, Golaleh, additional, Howard, Cynthia R., additional, Baatz, John E., additional, Newton, Danforth A., additional, Wahlquist, Amy E., additional, Reed, Susan G., additional, Taylor, Sarah N., additional, Lawrence, Ruth A., additional, and Hollis, Bruce W., additional

Published
2020
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41. Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle-feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding

Author

Howard, Cynthia R., Howard, Fred M., Lanphear, Bruce, Eberly, Shirley, deBlieck, Elisabeth A., Oakes, David, and Lawrence, Ruth A.

Subjects
Breast feeding -- Physiological aspects, Pacifiers (Infant care) -- Usage, Sucking behavior -- Analysis, Bottle feeding -- Health aspects
Abstract

Objective. To enhance breastfeeding practices, the World Health Organization discourages pacifiers and bottle-feeding. However, the effect of artificial nipples on breastfeeding duration is poorly defined. The effects of 2 types of artificial nipple exposure on breastfeeding duration were evaluated: 1) cupfeeding versus bottle-feeding for the provision of in-hospital supplements and 2) early (2-5 days) versus late (>4 weeks) pacifier introduction. Methods. A total of 700 breastfed newborns (36-42 weeks, birth weight [greater than or equal to] 2200 g) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention groups: bottle/early pacifier (n = 169), bottle/late pacifier (n = 167), cup/early pacifier (n = 185), or cup/late pacifier (n = 179). The cup/bottle intervention was invoked for infants who received supplemental feedings: cup (n = 251), bottle (n = 230). Data were collected at delivery and at 2, 5, 10, 16, 24, 38, and 52 weeks&apos; postpartum. Intervention effects on breastfeeding duration were evaluated with logistic regression and survival analyses. Results. Supplemental feedings, regardless of method (cup or bottle), had a detrimental effect on breastfeeding duration. There were no differences in cup versus bottle groups for breastfeeding duration. Effects were modified by the number of supplements; exclusive and full breastfeeding duration were prolonged in cupfed infants given >2 supplements. Among infants delivered by cesarean, cupfeeding significantly prolonged exclusive, full, and overall breastfeeding duration. Exclusive breastfeeding at 4 weeks was less likely among infants exposed to pacifiers (early pacifier group; odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.0). Early, as compared with late, pacifier use shortened overall duration (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.44) but did not affect exclusive or full duration. Conclusions. There was no advantage to cupfeeding for providing supplements to the general population of healthy breastfed infants, but it may have benefitted mother-infant dyads who required multiple supplements or were delivered by cesarean. Pacifier use in the neonatal period was detrimental to exclusive and overall breastfeeding. These findings support recommendations to avoid exposing breastfed infants to artificial nipples in the neonatal period. Pediatrics 2003;111:511-518; breastfeeding, pacifiers, bottle-feeding, cupfeeding., ABBREVIATIONS. WHO, World Health Organization; ITT, intention-to-treat; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio. Infants must learn to attach and suckle properly at the breast during the first [...]

Published
2003

46. Contributors

Author

Asselin, Barbara L., primary, Arnold, Georgianne, additional, Bayliff, Sherry L., additional, Belcher, Christopher E., additional, Berkowitz, Deena, additional, Blake, Jeffrey, additional, Bolling, Christopher F., additional, Borchers, Deborah, additional, Boulanger, Brittanny Liam, additional, Bowers, Peter N., additional, Braverman, Paula K., additional, Britton, Carmelita V., additional, Broughton, Robert A., additional, Buchanan, Ann, additional, Burstein, Gale R., additional, Campbell, James R., additional, Campbell, Kathleen M., additional, Campbell, Lynn R., additional, Carno, Margaret‐Ann, additional, Carolan, Patrick L., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castillo, Heidi A., additional, Castle, Kathryn, additional, Chang, Peter, additional, Chen, Sharon F., additional, Cheng, Eulalia R.Y., additional, Cherot, Elizabeth K., additional, Chess, Patricia R., additional, Chiang, Olivia, additional, Chini, Barbara A., additional, Cholette, Jill M., additional, Christy, Cynthia, additional, Ciafaloni, Emma, additional, Cleary, Carolyn, additional, Colton, Lisa Loeb, additional, Conners, Gregory P., additional, Connolly, Heidi V., additional, Cook, Stephen, additional, Copenhaver, Christopher, additional, Crow, Elliott L., additional, Cvetkovich, Therese, additional, Cywinski, David, additional, Danielson, Kristen Smith, additional, Delisle, Dorothy M., additional, Denk, Larry, additional, Denson, Lee A., additional, Drugas, George T., additional, Dukarm, Carolyn Piver, additional, Emmick, Jason G., additional, Emmick, Gus Gibbons, additional, Escobar, Oscar, additional, Fakadej, Anna F., additional, Falcone, Richard A., additional, Feeney, S. Nichole, additional, Fischer, Thomas J., additional, Fisher, Donna J., additional, Fix, Amy, additional, Fong, Chin‐To, additional, Fox, Cynthia L., additional, Fox, D. Steven, additional, Freishtat, Robert J., additional, Garcia, Madelyn, additional, Garfunkel, Lynn C., additional, Gearinger, Matthew D., additional, Gellerstedt, Mary Ellen, additional, Girotto, John, additional, Grenier, Michelle A., additional, Goyal, Alka, additional, Gusic, Maryellen E., additional, Hall, Caroline B., additional, Halterman, Jill S., additional, Hannon, David W., additional, Harmon, William G., additional, Harris, J. Peter, additional, Heneghan, Amy, additional, Herendeen, Neil E., additional, Hettler, Joeli, additional, Hick, John L., additional, Hinkle, Andrea S., additional, Hoberman, Alejandro, additional, Hodgman, Christopher H., additional, Holm, Allison L., additional, Hostetler, Mark A., additional, Howard, Cynthia R., additional, Sansoni Hsu, Stephanie, additional, Hulbert, William C., additional, Humphreys, Robert, additional, Hutchinson, Jon, additional, Hyman, Susan, additional, Jacobs Parks, Carolyn, additional, Jacobs‐Perkins, Andree, additional, Jee, Sandra H., additional, Jospe, Nicholas, additional, Joyce, Steven, additional, Kaczorowski, Jeffrey M., additional, Kancitis, Indra, additional, Kendig, James W., additional, Knight, John, additional, Korones, David N., additional, Kouides, Peter A., additional, Kreipe, Richard, additional, Kudes, Diana Barnett, additional, Kwon, Jennifer M., additional, Lampell, Marc S., additional, Landorf, Meredith, additional, Lanphear, Nancy E., additional, Lee, Jeffrey H., additional, Lee, Lucia H., additional, Lehman, Thomas J.A., additional, Lehoullier, Paul, additional, Lerner, Norma B., additional, Liptak, Gregory S., additional, Loeffler, Ann M., additional, Makoroff, K., additional, Mannick, Elizabeth, additional, Mccann, Christina M., additional, Mccarthy, Carol A., additional, Mcconnell, Michael E., additional, Mendelsohn, Alan M., additional, Menon, Ram K., additional, Mevorach, Robert A., additional, Mian, Ayesa N., additional, Michalak, Heather, additional, Miga, Daniel E., additional, Mihalopoulos, Nicole L., additional, Mink, Jonathan W., additional, Moyer, M. Susan, additional, Mullin, Suzanne Fredrickson, additional, Myer, Charles M., additional, Namgung, Ran, additional, Nasser, Jonathan F., additional, Needlman, Robert, additional, Nicholas, Joseph A., additional, Novak, Maureen, additional, Nurko, Samuel, additional, Orlowski, Craig, additional, Pakpreo, Ponrat, additional, Palis, James, additional, Passo, Murray H., additional, Pedro‐Carroll, Joanne, additional, Pegoli, Walter, additional, Powers, Karen S., additional, Psaila, Susan Haller, additional, Rabinowitz, Ronald, additional, Raslich, Marc A., additional, Resch, Karen L., additional, Reynolds, Meredith E., additional, Richardson, Matthew, additional, Robbins, Brett, additional, Roddy, Mark, additional, Roy, Dennis, additional, Manning Ryan, Leticia, additional, Ryan, Sheryl A., additional, Schaffer, Stanley J., additional, Schauer, Lora L., additional, Schubert, Charles, additional, Schwartz, George J., additional, Scofield, Steven, additional, Segel, George B., additional, Segura, Edgard A., additional, Seybolt, Lorna M., additional, Shaikh, Nader, additional, Sham, Ronald L., additional, Jean Shipley, Laura, additional, Shneider, Benjamin L., additional, Siegel, David M., additional, Scott Smith, Mark, additional, Steed, R. Dennis, additional, Szilagyi, Moira A., additional, Tanski, Susanne E., additional, Thomas‐Taylor, Danielle, additional, Tisma‐Dupanovic, Svetlana, additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Trefts, C. Elizabeth, additional, Tsai, William T., additional, Tsang, Reginald, additional, Van Der Jagt, Elise W., additional, Vanderhoof, Jon A., additional, Varade, William S., additional, Ventre, Kathleen M., additional, Visick, Michael K., additional, Warner, Brad W., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Wellington, Melanie, additional, White, David R., additional, Wiley, Susan, additional, Wittler, Robert R., additional, Wolhwend, Bryan J., additional, Wood, Jonathan P., additional, Workowski, Kimberly A., additional, Yawman, Daniel, additional, Yeager, Roger A., additional, and Young, Rosemary J., additional

Published
2007
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50. Why screen newborns for cocaine: service patterns and social outcomes at age one year

Author

Byrd, Robert S., Neistadt, Allyson M., Howard, Cynthia R., Brownstein-Evans, Carol, and Weitzman, Michael

Subjects
Infants (Newborn) -- Health aspects, Cocaine -- Health aspects, Children of drug addicts -- Social aspects, Family and marriage, Sociology and social work
Abstract

Objective: To compare baseline characteristics, service provision, and child placement for infants exposed to cocaine in utero based on postnatal screening results. Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of 40 consecutive drug-exposed, but seemingly healthy term infants who underwent urine drug screening in the newborn nursery of a community hospital. Using clinical and service agency data, two cocaine-exposed cohorts were compared (a) screen-positive at birth (n = 22) versus (b) screen-negative at birth (n = 18). Results: Both cocaine-exposed groups had similar infant birth weights, levels of paternal involvement, maternal ages, gravidity, parity, and lengths of gestation. Mothers in both groups had similar histories of prostitution, poor home environment, drug use, and prenatal drug rehabilitation. Mothers of screen-positive infants were more likely than mothers of screen-negative infants to have other children in foster care (27% vs. 6%, p = .07), to have experienced previous interventions by child protective services (CPS) (55% vs. 17%, p < .01), to have had no prenatal care (32% vs. 6%, p = .09), and fewer prenatal visits (4.7 vs. 8.6, p = .02). Compared to screen-negative infants, more screen-positive infants were referred to a high-risk infant tracking program (91% vs. 6%), referred to CPS (100% vs. 33%), placed outside the mother's home (50% vs. 22%), and had their mothers referred to drug rehabilitation (36% vs. 11%), (p < .01 for each). By 1 year of age, support services differed little between exposed cohorts. However, 6 of 22 screen-positive infants were in foster care and 3 were placed for adoption. while only 1 of the 18 screen-negative infants was in foster care and only I had been placed for adoption. There were no services available in this community to provide coordinated or comprehensive services or drug treatment specific to the needs of drug using mothers and drug exposed infants. Conclusions: Despite similarities between cocaine-exposed infants cared for in a normal newborn setting (with and without positive urine drug screens at birth), differences in referral services were noted. More striking than these differences was that services for families with drug-exposed infants are inadequate to even meet the needs of those families in our setting deemed to be at highest risk. Neonatal drug screening needs to be paired with effective services. Key Words - Prenatal cocaine exposure. High-risk families.

Published
1999

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