26 results on '"Hovengen, Ragnhild"'
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2. Childhood abuse and later worries about the babyʼs health in pregnancy
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Eide, Jorid, Hovengen, Ragnhild, and Nordhagen, Rannveig
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- 2010
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3. Social differences in smoking and snuff use among Norwegian adolescents: A population based survey
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Hovengen Ragnhild, Stigum Hein, Grotvedt Liv, and Graff-Iversen Sidsel
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background A change in pattern of tobacco use has been observed in the last decade in Norway. Snuff use and occasional smoking have to some degree replaced daily smoking among adolescents and young adults. Daily smoking is known to be negatively associated with social background factors, but little is known about these associations for other types of tobacco use. Our aim was to study different types of tobacco use among adolescents according to gender, educational ambitions, family background factors, and urbanization. Methods Cross-sectional, school-based study with 15 931 participants and response-rate 87%, conducted among 15 and 16 year olds during 2000–2004. Results More girls (33.8%) than boys (26.4%) were daily or occasional smokers, while more boys (21.4%) than girls (3.5%) were daily or occasional snuff users. Daily smoking was more common among adolescents planning vocational education, with single parents or poor family economy. Occasional smoking and snuff use (daily or occasionally) showed a similar, but less pronounced pattern regarding education and single parent families. Adolescents with parents from foreign countries were less likely to use tobacco. One exception was boys with parents from Muslim majority countries who had an increased risk of daily smoking. A typical combination user of both tobacco types was a Norwegian boy with divorced parents and ambitions to complete vocational studies or only one year of upper secondary school. Conclusion Tobacco use in adolescents is mainly associated with low educational ambitions and less affluent self-reported family economy. Adolescents with divorced parents use more tobacco than those living with both parents. Public health initiatives to avoid or reduce tobacco use should mainly target adolescents in vocational studies and those leaving school early.
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- 2008
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4. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Regression models for linking patterns of growth to a later outcome: infant growth and childhood overweight
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Wills, Andrew, BjøRn Strand, Glavin, Kari, Silverwood, Richard, and Hovengen, Ragnhild
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Correlation among measures of weight for length size, changes in weight for length and conditional growth in weight for length (n=900) (all growth z-scores). Also shown are the unconditional (unadjusted) odds ratios for overweight at 8years. Figure S1. Scatter of raw data and internally generated growth centiles (estimated using the LMS method) for length/height and BMI in the NCG cohort. Boys are on the right and girls on the left. Also shown is the mean WHO z-score at each appointment. The coloured scatter and red line represent those individuals included in the illustrative analysis (complete cases), the grey scatter and black WHO z-score are those excluded due to some missing data. (DOCX 276 kb)
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- 2016
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5. Barn, miljø og helse: Risiko- og helsefremmende faktorer
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Brandlistuen, Ragnhild Eek, Aarø, Leif Edvard, Helland, Maren Sand, Granum, Berit, Ohm, Eyvind, Owe, Katrine Mari, Hovengen, Ragnhild, Biehl, Anna Månsson, Hyllestad, Susanne, Nordheim, Carl Fredrik, Fonahn, Wenche, Låg, Marit, Refsnes, Magne, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Bøhler, Linn, Hånes, Hanna, and Grøholt, Else-Karin
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- 2016
6. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative : Impact of type of clothing worn during anthropometric measurements and timing of the survey on weight and body mass index outcome measures in 6-9-year-old children
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Wijnhoven, Trudy M. A., van Raaij, Joop M. A., Spinelli, Angela, Yngve, Agneta, Lissner, Lauren, Spiroski, Igor, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Martos, Éva, Heinen, Mirjam, Kunešová, Marie, Rito, Ana I., Hovengen, Ragnhild, Starc, Gregor, Duleva, Vesselka, Pudule, Iveta, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Braeckevelt, Lien, Hassapidou, Maria, Breda, João, van't Veer, Pieter, Wijnhoven, Trudy M. A., van Raaij, Joop M. A., Spinelli, Angela, Yngve, Agneta, Lissner, Lauren, Spiroski, Igor, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Martos, Éva, Heinen, Mirjam, Kunešová, Marie, Rito, Ana I., Hovengen, Ragnhild, Starc, Gregor, Duleva, Vesselka, Pudule, Iveta, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Braeckevelt, Lien, Hassapidou, Maria, Breda, João, and van't Veer, Pieter
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Background: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) conducted examinations in 6–9-year-old children from 16 countries in the first two rounds of data collection. Allowing participating countries to adhere to their local legal requirements or adapt to other circumstances required developing a flexible protocol for anthropometric procedures. Objectives: (1) Review intercountry variation in types of clothing worn by children during weight and height measurements, clothes weight adjustments applied, timing of the survey, and duration of data collection; (2) assess the impact of the observed variation in these practices on the children’s weight or body mass index (BMI) outcome measures. Results: The relative difference between countries’ unadjusted and clothes-adjusted prevalence estimates for overweight was 0.3–11.5%; this figure was 1.4–33.3% for BMI-for-age Z-score values. Monthly fluctuations in mean BMI-for-age Z-score values did not show a systematic seasonal effect. The majority of the monthly BMI-for-age Z-score values did not differ statistically within a country; only 1–3 monthly values were statistically different within some countries. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that the built-in flexibility in the COSI protocol concerning the data collection practices addressed in the paper can be kept and thus do not necessitate a revision of the COSI protocol., Funding agencies:FAS/FORTEKarolinska Institute, WHO COSI
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- 2016
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7. Important periods of weight development in childhood: a population-based longitudinal study
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Glavin, Kari, Roelants, Mathieu, Strand, Bjørn Heine, Júlíusson, Pétur B, Lie, Kari Kveim, Helseth, Sølvi, and Hovengen, Ragnhild
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Male ,Pediatric Obesity ,Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Ernæring: 811 [VDP] ,Body Mass Index ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Ernæring: 811 ,BMI ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Forebyggende medisin: 804 ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,VDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,Child ,Body mass index ,VDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, social medicine: 801 ,Norway ,Body Weight ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Overweight ,Body Height ,Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Forebyggende medisin: 804 [VDP] ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Research Article - Abstract
Background: Identifying important ages for the development of overweight is essential for optimizing preventive efforts. The purpose of the study was to explore early growth characteristics in children who become overweight or obese at the age of 8 years to identify important ages for the onset of overweight and obesity. Methods: Data from the Norwegian Child Growth Study in 2010 (N = 3172) were linked with repeated measurements from health records beginning at birth. Weight and height were used to derive the body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2. The BMI standard deviation score (SDS) for each participant was estimated at specific target ages, using a piecewise linear mixed effect model. Results: At 8 years of age, 20.4% of the children were overweight or obese. Already at birth, overweight children had a significantly higher mean BMI SDS than normal weight 8-year-olds (p < .001) and this difference increased in consecutive age groups in infancy and childhood. A relatively large increase in BMI during the first 9 months was identified as important for being overweight at 8 years. BMI SDS at birth was associated with overweight at 8 years of age (OR, 1.8; 1.6–2.0), and with obesity (OR, 1.8; 1.4–2.3). The Odds Ratios for the BMI SDS and change in BMI SDS further increased up to 1 year of age became very high from 2 years of age onwards. Conclusions: A high birth weight and an increasing BMI SDS during the first 9 months and high BMI from 2 years of age proved important landmarks for the onset of being overweight at 8 years of age. The risks of being overweight at 8 years appear to start very early. Interventions to prevent children becoming overweight should not only start at a very early age but also include the prenatal stage. publishedVersion
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- 2014
8. Barns vekst i Norge 2008-2010-2012. Høyde, vekt og livvidde blant 3. klassinger
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Hovengen, Ragnhild, Biehl, Anna Månsson, and Glavin, Kari
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Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 [VDP] ,Overvekt ,VDP::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 ,Oppvekstsvilkår ,Barn ,Høyde ,VDP::Community medicine, social medicine: 801 ,Fedme ,Norske tredjeklassinger ,Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, social medicine: 801 [VDP] - Abstract
Bakgrunn: Barns vekst i Norge, også kalt Barnevekststudien, ble etablert på Folkehelseinstituttet i 2008 som en nasjonal overvåkningsstudie. Hensikten var å dokumentere status og fange opp endringer i forekomst av overvekt og fedme blant barn i Norge. Undersøkelsen er gjennomført høsten 2008, 2010 og 2012 i samarbeid med skolehelsetjenesten på de utvalgte skolene og Helsedirektoratet. Barnevekststudien er en del av overvåkningsprogrammet WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), hvilket gjør det mulig å sammenligne resultater mellom flere land i Europa. Undersøkelsen vil bli gjennomført igjen i nye tredjeklasser på de samme skolene høsten 2015. Materiale og metode: I Barnevekststudien deltok et nasjonalt utvalg av tredjeklassinger (gjennomsnittsalder 8.3 år) fra hovedsakelig de samme 127 skolene ved hver målerunde, fordelt på 10 fylker og fire helseregioner. Om lag 90 prosent av elevene deltok hver gang, gjennomsnittlig 3400 elever ved hver av de tre målerundene, totalt 10 221 elever. Helsesøstrene ble opplært i standardiserte målemetoder for høyde, vekt og livvidde i henhold til Barnevekststudiens metodebok. Fra de 3400 tredjeklassingene som deltok i undersøkelsen i 2010 ble det også samlet inn tidligere høyde og vekt rutinemessig målt på helsestasjonen av hvert barn. Hovedfunn: • Det var ingen økning i overvekt og fedme eller bukfedme blant norske tredjeklassinger fra 2008 til 2012; det betyr at forekomsten ser ut til å ha stabilisert seg i denne perioden. • Gjennomsnittlig hadde 16 % av tredjeklassingene overvekt (inkludert fedme), det vil si hver sjette elev var overvektig eller hadde fedme i perioden 2008 - 2012. • I samme periode hadde i gjennomsnitt 8 % av elevene bukfedme. • Jentene hadde en signifikant høyere forekomst av overvekt (inkludert fedme) enn guttene; henholdsvis 17,9 prosent og 14,5 prosent. Med hensyn til bukfedme var det små kjønnsforskjeller. • Det var signifikante forskjeller i overvekt (inkludert fedme) mellom helseregionene; andelen i Helseregion Sør-Øst var signifikant lavere enn i de andre regionene, mens den var signifikant høyere i Helseregion Nord. Øvrige resultater fra Barnevekststudien: • I retrospektive analyser av høyde og vekt fra fødselen så vi at elevene som var overvektige eller hadde fedme i tredjeklasse, hadde en signifikant raskere vekst allerede første leveår sammenliknet med de tredjeklassingene som ikke var overvektige eller hadde fedme ved 8 års alder. • Forekomsten av overvekt (inkludert fedme) var 1,5 – 2 ganger høyere blant tredjeklassinger fra små kommuner sammenliknet med elever i store kommuner. Forskjellene i forekomst av bukfedme mellom små og store kommuner var enda større enn for overvekt (inkludert fedme). • Forekomsten av overvekt (inkludert fedme) var 30% høyere og bukfedme var 80 % høyere blant barn av lavt utdannede mødre sammenlignet med barn av høyt utdannede mødre. • Det var 50 prosent større andel barn med overvekt (inkludert fedme) og nesten dobbelt så stor andel barn med bukfedme blant tredjeklassinger som har skilte foreldre sammenlignet med de som har gifte foreldre. • I gjennomsnitt gikk eller syklet 55 % av elevene til skolen og hver tredje elev ble kjørt i privatbil, uansett skolestørrelse. Utfordringer fremover? Hovedfunnene fra Barnevekststudien tyder på at forekomsten av overvekt og fedme i gjennomsnitt har stabilisert seg blant barn. Utfordringen er derimot at det er en betydelig andel barn med overvekt (inkludert fedme) og bukfedme i undergrupper knyttet til familiens sosioøkonomiske status, foreldrenes sivilstand og om de bor i små eller store kommuner (by/land). Det er en fare for at utviklingen av overvekt (inkludert fedme) og bukfedme i deler av barnebefolkningen vil kunne bidra til å opprettholde og øke sosiale helseforskjeller fremover. I et folkehelseperspektiv må allmenne helsefremmende tiltak i barnehage, skole og nærmiljø rettes mot å forebygge overvekt blant barn med mål å utjevne sosiale helseforskjeller fra tidlig barndom. Videre møter helsestasjons- og skolehelsetjenesten alle småbarnsfamiliene regelmessig og følger hvert enkelt barn med vitale helsemål fra fødselen til barna er 20 år. Denne tjenesten har unike muligheter til tidlig å fange opp barn og familier som er i risiko for å utvikle overvekt og andre helseprobleme. Helsestasjons- og skolehelsetjenesten må gis kompetanse og handlingsrom til å ivareta sine forebyggende oppgaver blant barn og unge i kommunene.
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- 2014
9. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: Impact of Type of Clothing Worn during Anthropometric Measurements and Timing of the Survey on Weight and Body Mass Index Outcome Measures in 6–9-Year-Old Children
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Wijnhoven, Trudy M. A., primary, van Raaij, Joop M. A., additional, Spinelli, Angela, additional, Yngve, Agneta, additional, Lissner, Lauren, additional, Spiroski, Igor, additional, Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Victoria, additional, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, additional, Martos, Éva, additional, Heinen, Mirjam, additional, Kunešová, Marie, additional, Rito, Ana I., additional, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, Starc, Gregor, additional, Duleva, Vesselka, additional, Pudule, Iveta, additional, Petrauskiene, Ausra, additional, Braeckevelt, Lien, additional, Hassapidou, Maria, additional, Breda, João, additional, and van 't Veer, Pieter, additional
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- 2016
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10. Regression models for linking patterns of growth to a later outcome: infant growth and childhood overweight
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Wills, Andrew K., primary, Strand, Bjørn Heine, additional, Glavin, Kari, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, and Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional
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- 2016
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11. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative : School Nutrition Environment and Body Mass Index in Primary Schools
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Wijnhoven, Trudy M A, van Raaij, Joop M A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Eldin, Nazih, Yngve, Agneta, Kunešová, Marie, Starc, Gregor, Rito, Ana I, Duleva, Vesselka, Hassapidou, Maria, Martos, Eva, Pudule, Iveta, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Hovengen, Ragnhild, Breda, João, Wijnhoven, Trudy M A, van Raaij, Joop M A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Eldin, Nazih, Yngve, Agneta, Kunešová, Marie, Starc, Gregor, Rito, Ana I, Duleva, Vesselka, Hassapidou, Maria, Martos, Eva, Pudule, Iveta, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Hovengen, Ragnhild, and Breda, João
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Background: Schools are important settings for the promotion of a healthy diet and sufficient physical activity and thus overweight prevention. Objective: To assess differences in school nutrition environment and body mass index (BMI) in primary schools between and within 12 European countries. Methods: Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) were used (1831 and 2045 schools in 2007/2008 and 2009/2010, respectively). School personnel provided information on 18 school environmental characteristics on nutrition and physical activity. A school nutrition environment score was calculated using five nutrition-related characteristics whereby higher scores correspond to higher support for a healthy school nutrition environment. Trained field workers measured children's weight and height; BMI-for-age (BMI/A) Z-scores were computed using the 2007 WHO growth reference and, for each school, the mean of the children's BMI/A Z-scores was calculated. Results: Large between-country differences were found in the availability of food items on the premises (e.g., fresh fruit could be obtained in 12%-95% of schools) and school nutrition environment scores (range: 0.30-0.93). Low-score countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Latvia and Lithuania) graded less than three characteristics as supportive. High-score (≥0.70) countries were Ireland, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden. The combined absence of cold drinks containing sugar, sweet snacks and salted snacks were more observed in high-score countries than in low-score countries. Largest within-country school nutrition environment scores were found in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Latvia and Lithuania. All country-level BMI/A Z-scores were positive (range: 0.20-1.02), indicating higher BMI values than the 2007 WHO growth reference. With the exception of Norway and Sweden, a country-specific association between the school nutrition envir, Funding Agencies:Bulgaria: Ministry of HealthBulgaria: National Center of Public Health and AnalysesBulgaria: Regional Health InspectoratesCzech Republic: Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health IGA NS/9832-4Greece: Hellenic Medical Association for ObesityGreece: Alexander Technological Educational Institute of ThessalonikiHungary: National Institute for Food and Nutrition ScienceHungary: Chamber of Hungarian Health Care ProfessionalsIreland: Health Service ExecutiveIreland: Department of HealthLatvia: Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlLithuania: Lithuanian State Science and Studies FoundationLithuania: Lithuanian University of Health SciencesLithuania: Research Council of Lithuania SIN-17/2012Malta: Primary Health Care DepartmentNorway: Norwegian Institute of Public HealthNorway: Directorate of HealthPortugal: Ministry of HealthPortugal: Regional Health DirectoratesSlovenia: Ministry of Education, Science and SportGeneral Health Directorate of PortugalNational Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge in Lisbon, PortugalNational Institute of Health in Rome, ItalyNorwegian Institute of Public Health in Oslo, NorwayHellenic Medical Association for Obesity in Athens, GreeceDirectorate-General for Health of FranceKarolinska Institute in Huddinge, Sweden, WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative COSI
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- 2014
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12. Barns vekst i Norge 2008. Høyde, vekt og livvidde målt blant 3.-klassinger
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Hovengen, Ragnhild, Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan, Biehl, Anna Månsson, and Nordhagen, Rannveig
- Published
- 2009
13. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: School Nutrition Environment and Body Mass Index in Primary Schools
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Wijnhoven, Trudy, primary, van Raaij, Joop, additional, Sjöberg, Agneta, additional, Eldin, Nazih, additional, Yngve, Agneta, additional, Kunešová, Marie, additional, Starc, Gregor, additional, Rito, Ana, additional, Duleva, Vesselka, additional, Hassapidou, Maria, additional, Martos, Éva, additional, Pudule, Iveta, additional, Petrauskiene, Ausra, additional, Sant'Angelo, Victoria, additional, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, and Breda, João, additional
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- 2014
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14. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: body mass index and level of overweight among 6–9-year-old children from school year 2007/2008 to school year 2009/2010
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Wijnhoven, Trudy MA, primary, van Raaij, Joop MA, additional, Spinelli, Angela, additional, Starc, Gregor, additional, Hassapidou, Maria, additional, Spiroski, Igor, additional, Rutter, Harry, additional, Martos, Éva, additional, Rito, Ana I, additional, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, additional, Petrauskiene, Ausra, additional, Eldin, Nazih, additional, Braeckevelt, Lien, additional, Pudule, Iveta, additional, Kunešová, Marie, additional, and Breda, João, additional
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- 2014
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15. Important periods of weight development in childhood: a population-based longitudinal study
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Glavin, Kari, primary, Roelants, Mathieu, additional, Strand, Bjørn Heine, additional, Júlíusson, Pétur B, additional, Lie, Kari Kveim, additional, Helseth, Sølvi, additional, and Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional
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- 2014
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16. Adiposity among children in Norway by urbanity and maternal education: a nationally representative study
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Biehl, Anna, primary, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, Grøholt, Else-Karin, additional, Hjelmesæth, Jøran, additional, Strand, Bjørn Heine, additional, and Meyer, Haakon E, additional
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- 2013
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17. Impact of instrument error on the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity in population-based surveys
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Biehl, Anna, primary, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, Meyer, Haakon E, additional, Hjelmesæth, Jøran, additional, Meisfjord, Jørgen, additional, Grøholt, Else-Karin, additional, Roelants, Mathieu, additional, and Strand, Bjørn Heine, additional
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- 2013
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18. Overvekt hos barn - hvilken betydning har bosted?
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Heyerdahl, Nora, primary, Aamodt, Geir, primary, Nordhagen, Rannveig, primary, and Hovengen, Ragnhild, primary
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- 2012
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19. Biobanken i Den norske mor og barn undersøkelsen
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Rønningen, Kjersti S., primary, Paltid, Liv, additional, Meltzer, Helle M., additional, Nordhagen, Rannveig, additional, Lie, Kari K., additional, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, Haugen, Margaretha, additional, Nystad, Wenche, additional, Hoppin, Jane A., additional, and Magnus, Per, additional
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- 2009
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20. Social differences in smoking and snuff use among Norwegian adolescents: A population based survey
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Grotvedt, Liv, primary, Stigum, Hein, additional, Hovengen, Ragnhild, additional, and Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, additional
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- 2008
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21. Mental Health Promotion in a Poorly Functioning Neighbourhood: What can we Learn from an Unsuccessful Project?
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Hovengen, Ragnhild, primary, Edgren, Lars, additional, Maurstad, Jørn, additional, and Dalgard, Odd Steffen, additional
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- 2006
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22. Parental marital status and childhood overweight and obesity in Norway: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.
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Biehl, Anna, Hovengen, Ragnhild, Grøholt, Else-Karin, Hjelmesæth, Jøran, Strand, Bjørn Heine, and Meyer, Haakon E.
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Objective: Sociodemographic changes in Norway and other western industrialised countries, including family structure and an increasing proportion of cohabiting and divorced parents, might affect the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity issues. We aimed to examine whether parental marital status was associated with general and abdominal obesity among children. We also sought to explore whether the associations differed by gender. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: 127 primary schools across Norway. Participant: 3166 third graders (mean age 8.3 years) participating in the nationally representative Norwegian Child Growth Study in 2010. Measurements: Height, weight and waist circumference were objectively measured. The main outcome measures were general overweight (including obesity; body mass index ≥25 kg/m²) using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) by gender and parental marital status. Prevalence ratios, adjusted for possible confounders, were calculated by log-binomial regression. Results: General overweight (including obesity) was 1.54 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.95) times more prevalent among children of divorced parents compared with children of married parents, and the corresponding prevalence ratio for abdominal obesity was 1.89 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.65). Formal tests of the interaction term parental marital status by gender were not statistically significant. However, in gender-specific analyses the association between parental marital status and adiposity measures was only statistically significant in boys (p=0.04 for general overweight (including obesity) and p=0.01 for abdominal obesity). The estimates were robust against adjustment for maternal education, family country background and current area of residence. Conclusions: General and abdominal obesities were more prevalent among children of divorced parents. This study provides valuable information by focusing on societal changes in order to identify vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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23. Malaria prevalence and mosquito net coverage in Oromia and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia.
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Grotvedt, Liv, Stigum, Hein, Hovengen, Ragnhild, and Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
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MALARIA ,MOSQUITO nets ,HEALTH surveys ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is unstable and seasonal, with the majority of the country's population living in malaria-prone areas. Results from DHS 2005 indicate that the coverage of key malaria interventions was low. The government of Ethiopia has set the national goal of full population coverage with a mean of 2 long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) per household through distribution of about 20 million LLIN by the end of 2007. The aim of this study was to generate baseline information on malaria parasite prevalence and coverage of key malaria control interventions in Oromia and SNNPR and to relate the prevalence survey findings to routine surveillance data just before further mass distribution of LLINs. Methods: A 64 cluster malaria survey was conducted in January 2007 using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design. Using Malaria Indicator Survey Household Questionnaire modified for the local conditions as well as peripheral blood microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests, the survey assessed net ownership and use and malaria parasite prevalence in Oromia and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia. Routine surveillance data on malaria for the survey time period was obtained for comparison with prevalence survey results. Results: Overall, 47.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.5-61.9%) of households had at least one net, and 35.1% (95% CI 23.1-49.4%) had at least one LLIN. There was no difference in net ownership or net utilization between the regions. Malaria parasite prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-3.5%) overall, but differed markedly between the two regions: Oromia, 0.9% (95% CI 0.5-1.6); SNNPR, 5.4% (95% CI 3.4-8.5), p < 0.001. This difference between the two regions was also reflected in the routine surveillance data. Conclusion: Household net ownership exhibited nearly ten-fold increase compared to the results of Demographic and Health Survey 2005 when fewer than 5% of households in these two regions owned any nets. The results of the survey as well as the routine surveillance data demonstrated that malaria continues to be a significant public health challenge in these regions-and more prevalent in SNNPR than in Oromia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
24. Owerweight and obesity among thirdgraders in the Child Growth Study 2012 : analyzing the impact of school size and physical activity and nutrition in school
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Ødeskaug, Liz, Patil, Grete Grindal, and Hovengen, Ragnhild
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Fysisk aktivitet ,Kosthold ,Overvekt ,Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801 [VDP] ,Skolestørrelse - Abstract
Bakgrunn og hensikt med oppgaven Overvekt og fedme blant barn representerer et stort folkehelseproblem nasjonalt og internasjonalt, på grunn av de store konsekvensene det får for individet og samfunnet. Skolen har en sentral rolle i det forebyggende og helsefremmende arbeidet blant barn og unge. Hensikten med denne masteroppgaven er å undersøke om overvekt og fedme hos barn er assosiert med størrelsen på skolen barna går på, og samtidig om tilbudt fysisk aktivitet og kosthold i skolen og barns transport til skolen kan påvirke dette forholdet. Metode Analysene i oppgaven er basert på innsamlet materiale fra 2012 i prosjektet «Barns vekst i Norge» (N=126 skoler, N=3522 elever). Deskriptive analyser av utvalgte faktorer på skolene knyttet til fysisk aktivitet og kosthold ble gjennomført. Sammenhengen mellom KMI og overvekt inkludert fedme og skolestørrelse ble undersøkt med regresjonsanalyser. Det ble kontrollert for alder, kjønn, skolenes helsefremmende profil og transport til skolen. Sentralitet i kommunen og mors utdanning ble undersøkt på skolenivå. Resultat Barn som går på store skoler har 29 % redusert sjanse (odds) for overvekt inkludert fedme, sammenliknet med barn som går på små skoler (OR= 0,71, 95 % KI: 0,52 til 0,97). De samme trendene vises for KMI, der gjennomsnittlig KMI reduseres med 0,33 kg/m2, fra små til store skoler (beta= -0.33, 95 % KI: -0.63 til -0.03). Resultatene er fortsatt signifikante når det kontrolleres for alder, kjønn og skolenes helsefremmende profil, men ikke når elevenes transport til skolen inkluderes i modellen. Fortolkning Studien viser at barn som går på små skoler har en signifikant høyere andel overvekt inkludert fedme og gjennomsnittlig KMI, sammenliknet med de som går på store skoler. Skolenes helsefremmende profil kan ikke forklare denne forskjellen. Tidligere studier viser også at intervensjoner i skolen knyttet til fysisk aktivitet og kosthold har begrenset effekt på barns KMI (Harris et al. 2009; Waters et al. 2011). Studien viser derimot at transport til skolen kan forklare noen av forskjellene. Videre forskning bør inkludere flere faktorer i og rundt skolene, som kan forklare variasjonen i overvekt inkludert fedme hos barn som går på små og store skoler. Background Childhood overweight and obesity represents a major public health problem worldwide, due to its consequences for the individual and society. The school is an important arena for health promotion among children. The purpose of my master thesis is to study if overweight and obesity among children is associated with the size of the school the children attend, and if offered physical activity and nutrition in school, and the children’s transport to school, could explain the variance. Methods The analysis in this master thesis is based on material from 2012 in the project “Child Growth study 2012 (N=126 schools, N=3522 pupils). Descriptive analysis of selected factors in schools related to physical activity and nutrition were performed. Associations between BMI and overweight including obesity and school size were investigated with regression analyzes. We controlled for age, gender, the schools health promoting profiles and transport to school. Mothers level of education and the municipality`s centrality were investigated at school level. Results Children attending large schools have a 29 % reduced odds for overweight including obesity, compared to children attending small schools (OR= 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.52 to 0.97). The same trend was shown for BMI, where average BMI was reduced with 0.33 kg/m2 from small to large schools (coeff= -0.33, 95 % CI: -0.63 to -0.03). The results are still significant when controlling for the school’s health promoting profiles, but disappear when pupil’s transport to school is included in the model. Interpretation The study shows that children attending small schools have a significantly higher prevalence of overweight including obesity and average BMI, compared to children attending large schools. The school’s health promoting profiles could not explain the association. Previous studies have revealed that physical activity and nutrition interventions in schools have limited effect on the child’s BMI (Harris et al. 2009; Waters et al. 2011). On the other hand, our study shows that active transport to school may explain some of these differences. Further research need to include more factors in and around schools that could explain these variances in overweight including obesity among children attending small and large schools. 2018-05-15 M-FOL
- Published
- 2013
25. [Overweight children--how important is the urban/rural factor?].
- Author
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Heyerdahl N, Aamodt G, Nordhagen R, and Hovengen R
- Subjects
- Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Norway epidemiology, Population Density, Rural Health statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Targeted measures to prevent overweight children are dependent on a knowledge of which environmental factors play a part. We wanted to investigate whether overweight in Norwegian eight-year-olds is related to whether they live in urban or rural areas., Material and Method: In the cross-sectional study "Children's growth in Norway 2008", the weight, height and waist of 3473 eight-year-olds were measured. We examined relationships between overweight and waist measurement and centrality, population density and number of inhabitants in the municipalities where the children lived by means of regression analyses., Result: In adjusted analyses, the odds on children in central municipalities being overweight was 34 lower than for children in less central municipalities (OR = 0.66; 95 % CI: 0.46-0.94), and children in municipalities with a high population density had on average 0.66 cm smaller waists than children in municipalities with a low population density (95 % CI: 0.02-1.31). The relationships between overweight and the explanatory variables population density and number of inhabitants, and between waist measurement and the explanatory variables centrality and population density showed the same tendency, but were not statistically significant in the adjusted analyses., Interpretation: The results indicate that there is a higher percentage of overweight children in rural areas than in urban areas. Education and income level in the municipalities appeared to explain some of the effect of the urbanity variables on overweight and waist measurement.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. [Occasional smoking--an increasing problem].
- Author
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Hovengen R and Nordhagen R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Norway epidemiology, Risk Factors, Smoking Prevention, Socioeconomic Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking psychology
- Abstract
Little attention is given to occasional smoking compared with daily smoking. However, there are indications that there is a continuous increase in occasional smoking throughout the western world. In Norway, 33% of smokers do not smoke daily. Little is known about these smokers' background, how often they smoke, and how many cigarettes they consume when they do smoke. Studies indicate that occasional smokers seem to differ from regular smokers in their socio-demographic characteristics. In this article we show that a proportion of the occasional smokers smoke more than previously assumed. Therefore this smoking pattern may have greater implications for health than previously assumed and can no longer be ignored.
- Published
- 2004
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