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Objective: Individuals from Black and Hispanic backgrounds represent a minority of the overall US population, yet are the populations most affected by the disease of obesity and its comorbid conditions. Black and Hispanic individuals remain underrepresented among participants in obesity clinical trials, despite the mandate by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993. This systematic review evaluates the racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of clinical trials focused on obesity at a national level., Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science was undertaken to locate phase 3 and phase 4 clinical trials on the topic of obesity that met associated inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ultimately, 18 studies were included for review., Results: White non-Hispanic individuals represented the majority of clinical trial participants, as did females. No study classified participants by gender identity. Reporting of race/ethnicity was not uniform, with noted variability among racial/ethnic subgroups., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that disparities remain in the diverse racial, ethnic, and gender representation of participants engaged in clinical trials on obesity relative to the prevalence of obesity in underrepresented populations. Commitment to inclusive and intentional recruiting practices is needed to increase the representation of underrepresented groups, thus increasing the generalizability of future research., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Acanthamoeba are typically identified in the laboratory using culture and microscopic observation. In this paper we describe the isolation and specificity of antibody fragments that can be used for the identification of Acanthamoeba. A phage library expressing a large repertoire (approx. 5 x 10(9)) of antibody fragments was used to generate two libraries one enriched for bacteriophage that exhibit genus specific binding and the other containing bacteriophage that bind specifically to pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Individual clones were isolated on the basis of binding by ELISA, and then flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used for further characterisation. Four monoclonal antibodies were isolated, specific for Acanthamoeba at the generic level with clone HPPG6 exhibiting the highest level of binding. Furthermore clone HPPG55 was specific for pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba.

Because postoperative apnea and bradycardia in premature infants following inguinal herniorrhaphy remains a concern, outpatient repair has not been recommended. We have been performing outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy in premature infants and the present study reviews our experience. Between 1985 and 1990, 1,294 outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphies were performed. Of this group 124 patients (9.6%) were identified as being premature (less than or equal to 36 weeks gestational age). Average ages were: gestational age 32.7 weeks (range, 24 to 36 weeks); postnatal age 12.6 weeks (range, 3 to 24 weeks); and postconceptional age (gestational plus postnatal) 45.3 weeks (range, 34 to 59 weeks). Twenty-two infants previously required ventilatory support, 11 patients had apnea/bradycardia, and 9 patients developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. General anesthesia (usually nitrous oxide and fluothane) was used in all patients and 75% underwent endotracheal intubation. The average operating room time was 40 minutes (range, 20 to 115 minutes) and the average recovery room time was 94 minutes (range, 30 to 240 minutes). There were no perioperative deaths. One patient became apneic immediately after extubation in the operating room. No further episodes were noted after 4 hours of observation. Another patient following discharge had a brief apneic episode at home while on an apnea monitor, which was relieved with gentle stimulation. Both patients had no further sequelae. Bradycardia to 80 beats/min was noted in two patients, and resolved spontaneously in the recovery room. Laryngospasm after extubation in the operating room occurred in two patients, one of whom required brief reintubation and the other resolved spontaneously. Two patients required postoperative ventilation: one was extubated in the recovery room and the other was hospitalized for 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cyclophosphamide has been shown to potentiate the growth of Herpesvirus hominis in the skin of Webster Schneider mice. Higher skin yields of virus were obtained, marked dissemination of virus to the brain was produced and mortality in mice was increased. Serum neutralizing antibody titres were suppressed. The system may serve as a good model for the study of specific antiherpes drugs.