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In order to study the dyeing process of black bean skin pigment on wool fabric, three methods were adopted; direct dyeing, ferrous sulfate pre mordant dyeing and aluminum sulfate pre mordant dyeing. By directly observing the color depth of the dyed fabric, it can be found that ferrous sulfate pre mordant dyeing has the highest dye uptake. Then, by using the control variable method, the three main variables of mordant dyeing mode, dye dosage and dyeing pH value were adjusted. By testing the K/S value, it is concluded that the best process is as follows; the dosage of ferrous sulfate is 3% (owf), the dosage of black bean skin pigment is 9% (owf), and the pH value is 4. The color fastness to soaping and artificial light of the dyed fabric obtained under the best dyeing conditions meet the national standard. It has a good inhibitory effect on escherichia coll and staphylococcus aureus, and its UV resistance has been significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the optimum extraction process of granatum dyes, the wall breaking machine was used to extract granatum dyes at 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 min at 60, 70, 80, 90 °C, respectively. The absorbance was analyzed, and the optimum extraction conditions were 40 min and 80 °C . Four groups of dyeing experiments were carried out. The first group was enzyme treated aluminum ion mordant dyeing experiment. The second group was enzyme treated direct dyeing experiment. The third and fourth groups were the control experimental groups without enzyme treatment. The results show that after pretreated by cellulase, the strength and wear resistance of the cotton knitted fabric has no great damage, the dye uptake is improved, and the color fastness can meet the requirements. The aluminum mordant dyeing with ceHulase treatment is better than direct dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize the extracting conditions of colorants from camphor leaves and improve the extraction effect of natural camphor leaf colorants, the effects of three different extraction methods including high-speed wall breaking, ultrasonic wave and hot leaching on colorants extraction were discussed. For high-speed solvent wall breaking, the extraction effects of different times and different concentrations of ethanol/ water were compared. The dyeing process of camphor leaf pigment dyed wool fabric was optimized, and the dyeing performance and the moth-proofing performance of the fabric were studied. The results show that the optimized process for extracting pigments from camphor leaves is: high-speed wall-breaking extraction method, 60% (w/w) ethanol/water mixed solvent, the crude pigment yield can reach 17.37%, and the extracted pigments has a good dyeing effect on wool fabric in the dye bath pH value 5, and the dyed wool fabric has a certain mothproof effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goat hair and chicken feather was steam exploded, frozen and disintegrated and further used for the adsorption of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye. The effects of steam explosion,freezing and disintegration on the adsorption capacity of goat hair and chicken feather and their power were studied. As a result, the raw chicken hair (175 mg/g) had higher adsorption capacity than that of goat hair (55.24 mg/g); After steam flash explosion, freezing and disintegration, the scales of goat hair were broken, The crystallization indexes of EGHP and ECFP decreased, which were 8. 6% and 13.1%, respectively, its specific surface area, BJH adsorption pore cumulative specific surface area and pore volume are 1.64, 2.74, and 2.65 times of ECFP, respectively, their adsorption amount are 426. 7 mg/g and 440 mg/g. The combined treatment of steam flash explosion, frozen and disintegration improved the adsorption performance of goat hair and chicken feather effectively on RB19, and its adsorption capacity for goat hair is improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken feather, a potential source of keratin, is often disposed as waste material. Although some methods, i.e., hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation, have been developed to isolate keratin for composites, it has been limited due to the rising environmental concerns. In this work, a green solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) was used to extract keratin from chicken feather waste. Eighty-nine percent of keratin was extracted using 75% NMMO solution. However, the result from size exclusion HPLC showed that most of the keratin degraded into polypeptide with molecular weight of 2189 and only 25.3% regenerated keratin was obtained with molecular weight of 14,485. Analysis of amino acid composition showed a severe damage to the disulfide bonds in keratin during the extraction procedure. Oxidization had an important effect on the reconstitution of the disulfide bonds, which formed a stable three-dimensional net structure in the regenerated keratins. Besides, Raman spectra, NMR, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize the properties of regenerated keratin and raw chicken feather. In the end, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Keratin particles with microscale are prepared by ball mill and its influences on the chitosan membrane is evaluated. Composite membranes with various content of keratin are fabricated, and their physical and chemical properties such as morphology, wettability, crystallization, thermal stability, tensile strength, and break elongation are investigated. Optical microscope and situ topographic scan mode of nano-test system are used to examine the dispersion and aggregation of keratin on the surface of chitosan membrane. The result of contact angle (CA) and mechanical testing show that the incorporation of keratin particles decrease the CA from 98.1° to 58.2°. Tensile strength and break elongation of the composite membrane reaches a maximum of 65 ± 8 MPa and 15% when the keratin content is 6%, an increase of 80% and 88% compared with the pristine chitosan membrane. Both the increase in tensile strength and break elongation is result of the incorporation of keratin particles known for their excellent compatibility between keratin and chitosan matrix. These kind of composite material combines the antibacterial properties of chitosan with cell culture preference of keratin which may have potential biomedical application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44667. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]