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Background: Post‐acne scars are a common sequela of acne, especially prevalent among young people. Delayed treatment not only affects self‐perception of beauty but also affects the mental health of patients. Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) combined with botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in managing post‐acne scars. Methods: This retrospective study involved 63 adult patients with post‐acne scars, divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 30) and group 2 (n = 33). Group 1 received treatment with MFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A, whereas group 2 received treatment with MFR alone. The study observed the clinical outcomes in both groups. Results: Based on experimental analysis, the combination of MFR with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared with group 2. There were no significant differences in baseline data or treatment‐related pain and adverse reactions between the two groups. However, group 1 exhibited a higher effectiveness rate, lower ECCA score after treatment, higher satisfaction levels, and statistically significant differences compared to group 2. Conclusion: MFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A represents an effective and safe alternative for treating acne scars with minimal side effects and complications. Summary Statement: Post‐acne scars are a common sequela of acne and combination therapy proves beneficial. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A can be considered an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of acne scars with minimal side effects and complications. It works together through microneedles, radiofrequency, and botulinum toxin. MFR combined with transcutaneous delivery of BoNT/A is based on the direct action of MFR on acne scars and the use of microneedle to create a transient skin microchannel, facilitating BoNT/A penetration into the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key factor influencing the cloud life cycle and radiative properties, liquid‐ice mass partitioning remains a major source of uncertainties in modeling mixed‐phase clouds. One of the unresolved problems is that liquid‐ice mixing is highly inhomogeneous, but it has not been well understood and quantified for parameterization. In this study, the liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity (χ) is quantified using the information‐theoretic entropy based on airborne measurements. It is demonstrated that χ is positively correlated with the condensed water content (CWC). Cloud regions with low χ are consist of liquid and ice clusters. With the increase in χ, the size and frequency of continuous mixed‐phase clusters increase. For a given CWC, χ is lower at relatively warm temperatures as sedimentation of large ice crystals can enhance the inhomogeneity. The strong positive relationship between CWC and χ indicates CWC should be considered when parameterizing the liquid‐ice mixing in models. Plain Language Summary: Mixed‐phase clouds consist of water vapor, supercooled droplets, and ice particles. The complex liquid‐ice interactions have a substantial influence on the macrophysical and microphysical characteristics of the clouds, which ultimately affect the global water cycle and radiative balance. Observations and model experiments have shown that liquid and ice are not uniformly mixed, and the liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity also strongly affects the cloud glaciation processes. However, the liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity is still not well understood and is poorly represented in numerical models. In this study, based on airborne measurements, the liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity is quantified. It is found that there is a positive correlation between mixing homogeneity and the condensed water content, while the latter is a predictable value in models. These results provide a new idea to constrain the liquid‐ice mixing in models and are potentially helpful to improve the model simulation of mixed‐phase clouds. Key Points: Liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity is quantified using information‐theoretic entropy and airborne measurementsCondensed water content is positively related to liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity in mixed‐phase cloudsCondensed water content and temperature should be considered in parameterization of liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal papilla cell (DPC) belongs to a specialized mesenchymal stem cell for hair follicle regeneration. Maintaining the ability of DPCs to stimulate hair in vitro culture is important for hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration. As the third generation of platelet concentrate, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is a novel biomaterial containing many growth factors and showing promising effects on tissue reconstruction. We aimed to explore the influences of i-PRF on the proliferative, migratory, as well as trichogenic ability of DPCs and compared the effects of i-PRF and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), the first generation of platelet concentrate. Both PRP and i-PRF facilitated DPCs proliferation, and migration, along with trichogenic inductivity as well as stimulated the TGF-β/Smad pathway, while the impacts of i-PRF were more significant than PRP. A small molecule inhibitor of TGF-beta receptor I, Galunisertib, was also applied to treat DPCs, and it rescued the impacts of i-PRF on the proliferative, migratory, trichogenic inductivity, and proteins-associated with TGF-β/Smad pathway in DPCs. These findings revealed that i-PRF had better effects than PRP in enhancing the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of DPCs by the TGF-β/Smad pathway, which indicated the beneficial role of i-PRF in hair follicle regeneration.

Although hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been reported to help heal chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), production of HBO-related oxidative stress is a concern. To assess the therapeutic effect and oxidative stress of HBO, a 2-week, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study was conducted from January 1, 2010 to January1, 2012 among 36 consecutively admitted patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Average patient age was 60.08 ± 5.97 years and average DM duration was 16.4 ± 11.3 years; 86.1% had type 2 DM, and 47.2% had Wagner grade-III foot ulcers. Patients randomized to the control group (n = 18) received standard care including offloading, wound debridement, and glucose control. HBO treatment group patients (n = 18) received standard care and twice-daily HBO sessions for 90 minutes at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPo2) at the edge of the ulcer and wound size were measured at baseline and after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Ulcer tissues were harvested on days 7 and 14 to determine oxidative stress by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) levels. Compared to baseline, TcPo2 in the HBO group increased on day 7 (477.8 ± 118.2 mm Hg versus 37.06 ± 5.23 mm Hg, P <0.01) and day 14 (501.1 ± 137.7 mm Hg versus 35.61 ± 4.85 mm Hg, P <0.01). Ulcer size reduction in the HBO group was greater than that of the control group (42.4% ± 20.0% versus 18.1% ± 6.5%, P <0.05). MDA levels, SOD, and CAT were all significantly higher in the HBO than in the control group on day 14 (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest HBO treatment for 2 weeks initiates a healing response in chronic DFUs, but the observed oxidative stress in local ulcer tissue may offset this effect long-term. Until needed additional research has been conducted, prolonged and/or inappropriate HBO treatment should be avoided.