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Macrophage‐derived foam cell formation is critical for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, which contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a crucial ferroptosis regulator, protects cells from excessive oxidative stress by neutralizing lipid peroxidation. However, the role of macrophage GPX4 in foam cell formation remains unknown. We reported that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) upregulated GPX4 expression in macrophages. Using the Cre‐loxP system, we generated myeloid cell‐specific Gpx4 knockout (Gpx4myel‐KO) mice. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from WT and Gpx4myel‐KO mice and incubated with modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). We found that Gpx4 deficiency promoted foam cell formation and increased the internalization of modified LDL. Mechanistic studies unveiled that Gpx4 knockout upregulated scavenger receptor type A and LOX‐1 expression and downregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Collectively, our study lends a novel insight into the role of GPX4 in suppressing macrophage‐derived foam cell formation and suggests GPX4 as a promising therapeutic target to interfere with atherosclerosis‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The characteristics of high-pore-volume (high-PV) waterflooding and the mechanisms of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are unclear. an experiment was conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology-assisted waterflooding to monitor oil migration and pore structure changes during the displacement process. We quantified the ultimate oil displacement efficiency waterflooding and microscopic oil recovery at the pore scale. Additionally, the variations in petrophysical properties seen during this process were analyzed. The experiment revealed that the high-PV displacement process had a high EOR effect, even in the ultrahigh water cut stage. During this period, oil production came mainly from the mesopores. Furthermore, flooding changed the rock structure, increasing the pore volume. However, these changes were inconsistent at both the pore scale and spatial scale. At the pore scale, the volume of macropores decreased, while that of the micropores and mesopores increased. At the spatial scale, the porosity and the average pore size at the front end increased, while those at the back end decreased due to particle migration during flooding. Our findings suggested that pore structure variations at the front ends of experimental cores were representative of those in reservoirs, indicating that high-PV waterflooding could increase the permeabilities of reservoirs. A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article's main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Series new Ba4RETiNb9O30 (RE=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) compounds and ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction method respectively. The phase structure, microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of obtained ceramics were systematically investigated. The XRD results show that all ceramics have been determined as pure tungsten bronze phase. The dielectric characterization indicates that the former four ceramics are relaxors with strong diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion, while the latter two ceramics show diffuse phase transition. Phase transition temperatures and tetragonality of tungsten bronze structure increase with the decrease of the radii of rare earth. All ceramics have ferroelectricity, among them Ba4GdTiNb9O30 has the highest remnant polarization (2Pr) of 5.12μC/cm2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Novel Ba4LnTiNb9O30 compounds with Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Ln2O3, TiO2, and Nb2O5 (1300 °C, 8 h, followed by sintering at 1290-1380 °C for 8 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by innate and adaptive immune responses, which seriously threatens human life and health. It is a primary cause of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. Research has demonstrated that immune cells are fundamental to the development of atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Therefore, it is anticipated that immunotherapy targeting immune cells will be a novel technique in the management of atherosclerosis. This article reviews the growth of research on the regulatory role of immune cells in atherosclerosis and targeted therapy approaches. The purpose is to offer new therapeutic approaches for the control and treatment of cardiovascular illnesses caused by atherosclerosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Liu, Chen, Hou, Yu, Ma, Jiang and Zhao.)

Lysine crotonylation is a newly identified posttranslational modification that is different from the widely studied lysine acetylation in structure and function. In the last dozen years, great progress has been made in lysine crotonylation-related studies, and lysine crotonylation is involved in reproduction, development, and disease. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between lysine crotonylation and lysine acetylation. We also summarize the methods and tools for the detection and prediction of lysine crotonylation. At the same time, we outline the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of enzymatic and metabolic regulation of lysine crotonylation, as well as the regulating factors that selectively recognize this modification. Particularly, we discussed how dynamic changes in crotonylation status maintain physiological health and result in the development of disease. This review not only points out the new functions of lysine crotonylation but also provides new insights and exciting opportunities for managing various diseases., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

This study aims to study the protective effect and mechanism of carnosol on intestinal oxidative stress. Porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ZYM-SIEC02) were pretreated with carnosol. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was added to stimulate the cells. The cell colonization and viability were detected by Edu staining, MTT, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assays. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in intracellular and oxidative stress were detected. The expression of related genes and proteins in cells was detected by real-time PCR and western blot. The regulatory mechanisms were identified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assays. The results showed that t-BHP reduced cell proliferation and viability, while cells pretreated with carnosol had resistance to t-BHP, decreased intracellular ROS, MDA and NO levels, and increased SOD content. The mRNA and protein levels of heme oxygenase 1/Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (HO-1/Nrf-2) in ZYM-SIEC02 cells treated with carnosol were significantly increased. Nrf2 was able to bind to cell cycle negative regulatory protein p21 Nrf2 could bind to the promoter regions of cyclin D1 ( CCND1 ) and SOD genes. In conclusion, carnosol has a protective effect on intestinal epithelial cells by up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and inhibiting p21 protein to promote the expression of CCND1 and SOD., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2020.)

Background/aims: Skeletal muscle plays an essential role in the body movement. However, injuries to the skeletal muscle are common. Lifelong maintenance of skeletal muscle function largely depends on preserving the regenerative capacity of muscle. Muscle satellite cells proliferation, differentiation, and myoblast fusion play an important role in muscle regeneration after injury. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms associated with muscle development during muscle regeneration is essential for devising the alternative treatments for muscle injury in the future., Methods: Edu staining, qRT-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the miR-27b effects on pig muscle satellite cells (PSCs) proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Then, we used bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay to predict and confirm the miR-27b target gene. Finally, we elucidate the target gene function on muscle development in vitro and in vivo through Edu staining, qRT-PCR, western blot, H&E staining and morphological observation., Result: miR-27b inhibits PSCs proliferation and promotes PSCs differentiation. And the miR-27b target gene, MDFI, promotes PSCs proliferation and inhibits PSCs differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, interfering MDFI expression promotes mice muscle regeneration after injury., Conclusion: our results conclude that miR-27b promotes PSCs myogenesis by targeting MDFI. These results expand our understanding of muscle development mechanism in which miRNAs and genes work collaboratively in regulating skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, this finding has implications for obtaining the alternative treatments for patients with the muscle injury., (© 2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)