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Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between stomach position (SP) grading and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs). Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the differences in the odds of mortality according to the SP graded as level 0 to level 3. To evaluate the reliability of our results, a sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results: Nine papers with a total of 542 fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH were included. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia pregnancies complicated by an intrathoracic stomach had higher odds of neonatal mortality when compared with intraabdominal stomach (odds ratio [OR] 2.86; 95% CI 1.38–5.94). Four papers with SP grading from level 0 to level 3 were included in a subgroup analysis. Stomach position at level 1 and level 2 had lower odds of neonatal mortality when separately compared to level 3 (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.04–0.33) and (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.16–0.54). Stomach position at level 1 had lower odds of neonatal mortality when compared with level 2 + 3 (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.66). Conclusion: Survival of fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH is correlated with the SP. Key points: What's already known about this topic?Stomach position (SP) of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) fetus is one of the prognostic parameters for postnatal outcomes. What does this study add?In isolated left‐sided CDH fetuses, an increased level of SP is associated with a higher risk of neonatal mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite oxides are widely used as the catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The partial substitution of A or B sites in ABO3 perovskites with heteroatoms was effective in improving the catalytic performance, but the promoting mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. In this work, the partial substitution of Sr with Ba in SrTiO3 perovskite was demonstrated to improve both the OCM reaction activity and stability. Compared with SrTiO3 and BaTiO3, the crystal size of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 was greatly reduced (∼55 nm), the amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen species acting as the alkaline active centers for OCM was increased, and the electrophilic lattice oxygens with higher electronegativity rapidly replenishing the surface alkaline active sites were obtained. Thereby, a higher C2 yield (∼18 %) and C2H4/C2H6 ratio (∼1.7) were simultaneously achieved. Furthermore, the enhanced reaction stability was attributed to the better thermal resistance of nano‐sized Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of PM 2.5 -bound trace elements have increased in China, with increasing anthropogenic emissions. In this study, long-term measurements of PM 2.5 -bound trace elements were conducted from January 2014 to January 2015 in the urban city of Jinan, east China. A positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and health risk assessment were used to evaluate the sources and health risks of these elements, respectively. Compared with most Chinese megacities, there were higher levels of arsenic, manganese, lead, chromium, and zinc in this city. Coal combustion, the smelting industry, vehicle emission, and soil dust were identified as the primary sources of all the measured elements. Heating activities during the heating period led to a factor of 1.3⁻2.8 higher concentrations for PM 2.5 and all measured elements than those during the non-heating period. Cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the toxic elements exceeded the safety levels by 8⁻15 and 10⁻18 times, respectively. Arsenic was the critical element having the greatest health risk. Coal combustion caused the highest risk among the four sources. This work provides scientific data for making targeted policies to control air pollutants and protect human health., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.