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3. Gut microbiome modified by bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and correlates with increased brown fat activity and energy expenditure

Author

Yadav, Jitender, Liang, Tao, Qin, Tairan, Nathan, Nayanan, Schwenger, Katherine J.P., Pickel, Lauren, Xie, Li, Lei, Helena, Winer, Daniel A., Maughan, Heather, Robertson, Susan J., Woo, Minna, Lou, Wendy, Banks, Kate, Jackson, Timothy, Okrainec, Allan, Hota, Susy S., Poutanen, Susan M., Sung, Hoon-Ki, Allard, Johane P., Philpott, Dana J., and Gaisano, Herbert Y.

Published
2023
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4. Characterization of Healthcare Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections among Adults, Canada,2015-2019

Author

Du, Tim, Choi, Kelly B., Silva, Anada, Golding, George R., Pelude, Linda, Hizon, Romeo, Rawahi, Ghada N. Al-, Brooks, James, Chow, Blanda, Collet, Jun C., Comeau, Jeannette L., Davis, Ian, Evans, Gerald A., Frenette, Charles, Han, Guanghong, Johnstone, Jennie, Kibsey, Pamela, Katz, Kevin C., Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Longtin, Yves, Mertz, Dominik, Minion, Jessica, Science, Michelle, Srigley, Jocelyn A., Stagg, Paula, Suh, Kathryn N., Thampi, Nisha, Wong, Alice, and Hota, Susy S.

Subjects
Community-acquired infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Clostridium infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Cross infection -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Nosocomial infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea in high-income countries (1). Disease severity ranges from asymptomatic colonization to fulminant colitis, sometimes leading to colectomy and death (2). [...]

Published
2022
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5. Epidemiology of healthcare-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units: Are sink drains to blame?

Author

Volling, Cheryl, primary, Mataseje, Laura, additional, Graña-Miraglia, Lucía, additional, Hu, Xiaoyi, additional, Anceva-Sami, Sofia, additional, Coleman, Brenda L., additional, Downing, Mark, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Jamal, Alainna J., additional, Johnstone, Jennie, additional, Katz, Kevin, additional, Leis, Jerome A., additional, Li, Angel, additional, Mahesh, Vinaya, additional, Melano, Roberto, additional, Muller, Matthew, additional, Nayani, Sarah, additional, Patel, Samir, additional, Paterson, Aimee, additional, Pejkovska, Mare, additional, Ricciuto, Daniel, additional, Sultana, Asfia, additional, Vikulova, Tamara, additional, Zhong, Zoe, additional, McGeer, Allison, additional, Guttman, David S., additional, and Mulvey, Michael R., additional

Published
2024
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7. Erratum for McTaggart et al., “First Canadian report of transmission of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis within two hospital networks confirmed by genomic analysis”

Author

McTaggart, Lisa R., primary, Eshaghi, AliReza, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Poutanen, Susan M., additional, Johnstone, Jennie, additional, De Luca, Domenica G., additional, Bharat, Amrita, additional, Patel, Samir N., additional, and Kus, Julianne V., additional

Published
2024
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11. Emergence of pstS-Null Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Clone ST1478, Canada, 2013-2018

Author

McCracken, Melissa, Mitchell, Robyn, Smith, Stephanie, Hota, Susy, Conly, John, Du, Tim, Embil, John, Johnston, Lynn, Ormiston, Debbie, Parsonage, Jennifer, Simor, Andrew, Wong, Alice, and Golding, George

Subjects
Health care costs -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Cloning -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Antibiotics -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Vancomycin -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Microbial drug resistance -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Infection -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Methicillin -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are major nosocomial pathogens that have been observed worldwide (2,2). VRE were identified in Canada in 1993 (3), but rates of colonization and infection have remained relatively [...]

Published
2020
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13. What can early Canadian experience screening for COVID-19 teach us about how to prepare for a pandemic?

Author

Lin, Molly, Beliavsky, Alina, Katz, Kevin, Powis, Jeff E., Ng, Wil, Williams, Victoria, Groves, Helen, Muller, Mathew P., Vaisman, Alon, Hota, Susy, Johnstone, Jennie, and Leis, Jerome A.

Subjects
Canada -- Safety and security measures -- Health policy, Health screening -- Usage, Health risk assessment -- Methods, Emergency preparedness -- Methods, COVID-19 -- Diagnosis -- Control -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

A novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and is considered a public health threat of international concern. As of Mar. 2, 2020, there [...]

Published
2020
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14. Patient- and hospital-level predictors of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteremia in Ontario, Canada

Author

Evans, Gerald A., Gardam, Michael, Hota, Susy, John, Michael, Katz, Kevin, Lemieux, Camille, McGeer, Allison, Mertz, Dominik, Muller, Matthew P., Roth, Virginia, Suh, Kathryn N., Vearncombe, Mary, Johnstone, Jennie, Chen, Cynthia, Rosella, Laura, Adomako, Kwaku, Policarpio, Michelle E., Lam, Freda, Prematunge, Chatura, and Garber, Gary

Published
2018
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19. Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare-associated infections in Canadian acute-care hospitals: Interrupted time series (2018–2021)

Author

Silva, Anada, primary, Bartoszko, Jessica, additional, Caye, Joëlle, additional, Choi, Kelly Baekyung, additional, Mitchell, Robyn, additional, Pelude, Linda, additional, Comeau, Jeannette, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Johnstone, Jennie, additional, Katz, Kevin, additional, Smith, Stephanie, additional, Suh, Kathryn, additional, and Srigley, Jocelyn, additional

Published
2023
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24. The evolving epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Canadian hospitals during a postepidemic period (2009-2015)

Author

Katz, Kevin C., Golding, George R., Choi, Kelly Baekyung, Pelude, Linda, Amaratunga, Kanchana R., Taljaard, Monica, Alexandre, Stephanie, Collet, Jun Chen, Davi, Ian, Du, Tim, Evans, Gerald A., Frenette, Charles, Gravel, Denise, Hota, Susy, Kibsey, Pamela, Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Lemieux, Camille, Longtin, Yves, Mertz, Dominik, Mieusement, Lorraine Maze Dit, Minion, Jessica, Moore, Dorothy L., Mulvey, Michael R., Richardson, Susan, Science, Michelle, Simor, Andrew E., Stagg, Paula, Suh, Kathryn N., Taylor, Geoffrey, Wong, Alice, and Thampi, Nisha

Subjects
Epidemics -- Influence -- Canada, Clostridium infections -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Medical care quality -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The clinical and molecular epidemiology of health care-associated Clostridium difficile infection in nonepidemic settings across Canada has evolved since the first report of the virulent North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) strain more than 15 years ago. The objective of this national, multicentre study was to describe the evolving epidemiology and molecular characteristics of health care-associated C. difficile infection in Canada during a post-NAP1epidemic period, particularly patient outcomes associated with the NAP1 strain. METHODS: Adult inpatients with C. difficile infection were prospectively identified, using a standard definition, between 2009 and 2015 through the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP), a network of 64 acute care hospitals. Patient demographic characteristics, severity of infection and outcomes were reviewed. Molecular testing was performed on isolates, and strain types were analyzed against outcomes and epidemiologic trends. RESULTS: Over a 7-year period, 20 623 adult patients admitted to hospital with health care-associated C. difficile infection were reported to CNISP, and microbiological data were available for 2690 patients. From 2009 to 2015, the national rate of health care-associated C. difficile infection decreased from 5.9 to 4.3 per 10000 patient-days. NAP1 remained the dominant strain type, but infection with this strain has significantly decreased over time, followed by an increasing trend of infection with NAP4 and NAP11 strains. The NAP1 strain was significantly associated with a higher rate of death attributable to C. difficile infection com pared with non-NAP1 strains (odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.292.82). Isolates were universally susceptible to metronidazole; one was nonsusceptible to vancomycin. The proportion of NAP1 strains within individual centres predicted their rates of health careassociated C. difficile infection; for every 10% increase in the proportion of NAP1 strains, the rate of health care-associated C. difficile infection increased by 3.3% (95% CI 1.7%-4.9%). INTERPRETATION: Rates of health care-associated C. difficile infection have decreased across Canada. In nonepidemic settings, NAP4 has emerged as a common strain type, but NAP1, although decreasing, continues to be the predominant circulating strain and remains significantly associated with higher attributable mortality., Clostridium difficile infection is the most common infectious cause of health care-associated diarrhea among hospital-admitted patients in developed countries and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. (1,2) In 2002, [...]

Published
2018
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25. Effect of faecal microbial transplant via colonoscopy in patients with severe obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase 2 trial

Author

Ghorbani, Yasaman, primary, Schwenger, Katherine J. P., additional, Sharma, Divya, additional, Jung, Hyejung, additional, Yadav, Jitender, additional, Xu, Wei, additional, Lou, Wendy, additional, Poutanen, Susan, additional, Hota, Susy S., additional, Comelli, Elena M., additional, Philpott, Dana, additional, Jackson, Timothy D., additional, Okrainec, Allan, additional, Gaisano, Herbert Y., additional, and Allard, Johane P., additional

Published
2022
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26. Diarrhea after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

Author

Krensky, Cole, Poutanen, Susan M., and Hota, Susy S.

Subjects
Clostridium infections -- Case studies -- Care and treatment, Diarrhea -- Case studies -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

A 33-year-old woman, 3 months postpartum, was referred to our infectious disease clinic after multiple episodes of Clostridioides difficile (previously known as Clostridium difficile) infection. (1) Her first episode occurred [...]

Published
2019
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28. Bloodstream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author

Tan, Charlie, Hota, Susy S., Fan, Eddy, Marquis, Krista, Vicencio, Elisa, and Vaisman, Alon

Abstract

AbstractObjective:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in the care of patients with respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We characterized bloodstream infections (BSIs) and ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO, and we investigated their impact on patient outcomes.Design:Retrospective cohort study from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021.Setting:Academic tertiary-care referral center.Patients:Consecutive adult patients admitted for COVID-19 who received ECMO.Methods:We identified BSIs and VAPs and described their epidemiology and microbiology. Cumulative antimicrobial use and the specific management of BSIs were determined. Multivariate time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the impact of BSIs and VAPs on mortality, controlling for age, receipt of COVID-19–specific therapeutics, and new renal replacement therapy.Results:We identified 136 patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 pneumonia during the study period. BSIs and VAPs occurred in 81 patients (59.6%) and 93 patients (68.4%), respectively. The incidence of BSIs was 29.5 per 1,000 ECMO days and increased with duration of ECMO cannulation. Enterococci, Enterobacterales, and Staphylococcus aureuswere the most common causes of BSIs, whereas S. aureus, Klebsiellaspecies, and Pseudomonas aeruginosacomprised the majority of VAPs. Mean antibiotic use comprised 1,031 days of therapy per 1,000 ECMO days (SD, 496). We did not detect an association between BSIs or VAPs and mortality.Conclusions:BSIs and VAPs are common in COVID-19 ECMO-supported patients. Efforts to optimize their diagnosis, prevention, and management should be prioritized.

Published
2023
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30. Epidemiology of Primary and Recurrent Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Pediatric Clostridioides difficile Infection in Canada, 2015–2020.

Author

Silva, Anada, Du, Tim, Choi, Kelly B, Pelude, Linda, Golding, George R, Hizon, Romeo, Lee, Bonita E, Chow, Blanda, Srigley, Jocelyn A, Hota, Susy S, Comeau, Jeannette L, Thampi, Nisha, and group, the CNISP C. difficile working

Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance, CROSS infection, FISHER exact test, MANN Whitney U Test, CLOSTRIDIUM diseases, DISEASE relapse, T-test (Statistics), COMMUNITY-acquired infections, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, DATA analysis software, CHILDREN
Abstract

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among children remains a concerning cause of morbidity in hospital settings. We present epidemiological and molecular trends in healthcare- and community-associated CDI among children in Canadian inpatient and outpatient settings, including those who experienced recurrent infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Trends in Clostridioides difficileinfection rates in Canadian hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Author

Choi, Kelly B., Du, Tim, Silva, Anada, Golding, George R., Pelude, Linda, Mitchell, Robyn, Rudnick, Wallis, Hizon, Romeo, Al-Rawahi, Ghada N, Chow, Blanda, Davis, Ian, Evans, Gerald A., Frenette, Charles, Johnstone, Jennie, Kibsey, Pamela, Katz, Kevin C., Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Longtin, Yves, Mertz, Dominik, Minion, Jessica, Science, Michelle, Srigley, Jocelyn A., Stagg, Paula, Suh, Kathryn N., Thampi, Nisha, Wong, Alice, Comeau, Jeannette L., and Hota, Susy S.

Abstract

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed significant burden on healthcare systems. We compared Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) epidemiology before and during the pandemic across 71 hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Using an interrupted time series analysis, we showed that CDI rates significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2023
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34. Intestinal Microbiome Modified by Bariatric Surgery Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Correlates with Increased Brown Fat Activity and Energy Expenditure

Author

Yadav, jitender, primary, Liang, Tao, additional, Qin, Tairan, additional, Nathan, Nayanan N., additional, Schwenger, Katherine J.P, additional, Pickel, Lauren, additional, Xie, Li, additional, Lei, Helena, additional, Winer, Daniel A., additional, Maughan, Heather, additional, Robertson, Susan J., additional, Woo, Minna, additional, Lou, Wendy Y. W., additional, Banks, Kate, additional, Jackson, Timothy, additional, Okrainec, Allan, additional, Hota, Susy S., additional, Poutanen, Susan M., additional, Sung, Hoon-Ki, additional, Allard, Johane P., additional, Philpott, Dana J., additional, and Gaisano, Herbert Y., additional

Published
2022
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35. Effect of faecal microbial transplant via colonoscopy in patients with severe obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase 2 trial.

Author

Ghorbani, Yasaman, Schwenger, Katherine J. P., Sharma, Divya, Jung, Hyejung, Yadav, Jitender, Xu, Wei, Lou, Wendy, Poutanen, Susan, Hota, Susy S., Comelli, Elena M., Philpott, Dana, Jackson, Timothy D., Okrainec, Allan, Gaisano, Herbert Y., and Allard, Johane P.

Subjects
INSULIN resistance, INDOLEACETIC acid, GUT microbiome, PHENYLACETIC acid, APPETITE, COLONOSCOPY, ENDOTOXINS, OBESITY
Abstract

Aim: To assess the effects of faecal microbial transplant (FMT) from lean people to subjects with obesity via colonoscopy. Material and Methods: In a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 and insulin resistance were randomized, in a 1:1 ratio in blocks of four, to either allogenic (from healthy lean donor; n = 15) or autologous FMT (their own stool; n = 13) delivered in the caecum and were followed for 3 months. The main outcome was homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and secondary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin levels, lipid profile, weight, gut hormones, endotoxin, appetite measures, intestinal microbiome (IM), metagenome, serum/faecal metabolites, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores. Results: In the allogenic versus autologous groups, HOMA‐IR and clinical variables did not change significantly, but IM and metabolites changed favourably (P < 0.05): at 1 month, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia increased, and Streptococcus decreased; at 3 months, Bacteroides and Blautia increased. Several species also changed significantly. For metabolites, at 1 month, serum kynurenine decreased and faecal indole acetic acid and butenylcarnitine increased, while at 3 months, serum isoleucine, leucine, decenoylcarnitine and faecal phenylacetic acid decreased. Metagenomic pathway representations and network analyses assessing relationships with clinical variables, metabolites and IM were significantly enhanced in the allogenic versus autologous groups. LDL and appetite measures improved in the allogenic (P < 0.05) but not in the autologous group. Conclusions: Overall, in those with obeisty, allogenic FMT via colonoscopy induced favourable changes in IM, metabolites, pathway representations and networks even though other metabolic variables did not change. LDL and appetite variables may also benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Hospital outbreak of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant in partially and fully vaccinated patients and healthcare workers in Toronto, Canada

Author

Susky, Erica K., primary, Hota, Susy, additional, Armstrong, Irene E., additional, Mazzulli, Tony, additional, Kestenberg, Shaindel, additional, Casaubon, Leanne K., additional, Granton, John, additional, Rebelo, Carly, additional, Bartels, Erika, additional, Wrana, Jeff, additional, and Vaisman, Alon, additional

Published
2021
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39. S144 CP101 Engraftment Drives Efficacy: Results From a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating CP101, an Investigational Orally Administered Microbiome Therapeutic for Prevention of Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Author

Allegretti, Jessica R., primary, Kelly, Colleen R., additional, Louie, Thomas, additional, Fisher, Monika, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Misra, Bharat, additional, Van Hise, Nicholas W., additional, Yen, Eugene F., additional, Bullock, Jeff S., additional, Pullman, John, additional, Nathan, Richard, additional, Silverman, Michael, additional, Davis, Ian, additional, McGill, Sarah, additional, Gerardin, Ylaine, additional, Silva, Josh, additional, Khanna, Sahil, additional, Pardi, Darrell, additional, Orenstein, Robert, additional, Grinspan, Ari, additional, El-Nachef, Najwa, additional, Kraft, Colleen S., additional, Budree, Shrish, additional, Borody, Thomas J., additional, and Kassam, Zain, additional

Published
2021
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40. Impact of COVID-19 on hospital hand hygiene performance: a multicentre observational study using group electronic monitoring

Author

Williams, Victoria, primary, Kovacs-Litman, Adam, additional, Muller, Matthew P., additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Powis, Jeff E., additional, Ricciuto, Daniel R., additional, Mertz, Dominik, additional, Katz, Kevin, additional, Castellani, Lucas, additional, Kiss, Alex, additional, Linkenheld-Struk, Amber, additional, and Leis, Jerome A., additional

Published
2021
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41. S131 CP101, an Investigational Orally Administered Microbiome Therapeutic, Increases Intestinal Microbiome Diversity and Prevents Recurrent C. difficile Infection: Results From a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Author

Khanna, Sahil, primary, Kelly, Colleen R., additional, Louie, Thomas, additional, Fisher, Monika, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Misra, Bharat, additional, Van Hise, Nicholas W., additional, Yen, Eugene F., additional, Bullock, Jeff S., additional, Pullman, John, additional, Nathan, Richard, additional, Silverman, Michael, additional, Davis, Ian, additional, McGill, Sarah, additional, Gerardin, Ylaine, additional, Silva, Josh, additional, Pardi, Darrell, additional, Orenstein, Robert, additional, Grinspan, Ari, additional, El-Nachef, Najwa, additional, Kraft, Colleen S., additional, Budree, Shrish, additional, Borody, Thomas J., additional, Kassam, Zain, additional, and Allegretti, Jessica R., additional

Published
2021
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42. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) P.1 Lineage in a Long-Term Care Home After Implementation of a Vaccination Program—Ontario, Canada, April–May 2021

Author

Williams, Chantal, primary, Al-Bargash, Dana, additional, Macalintal, Celeste, additional, Stuart, Rebecca, additional, Seth, Anu, additional, Latham, Julienne, additional, Gitterman, Leah, additional, Fedsin, Stephanie, additional, Godoy, Marion, additional, Kozak, Robert, additional, Guthrie, Jennifer L, additional, Wood, Heidi, additional, McGeer, Allison, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, and Rea, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2021
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43. Validation and implementation of group electronic hand hygiene monitoring across twenty-four critical care units

Author

Leis, Jerome A., primary, Obaidallah, Maryam, additional, Williams, Victoria, additional, Muller, Matthew P, additional, Powis, Jeff E., additional, Johnstone, Jennie, additional, Hota, Susy, additional, Katz, Kevin, additional, Payne, Michael, additional, Castellani, Lucas, additional, Downing, Mark, additional, Mertz, Dominik, additional, Ricciuto, Daniel R., additional, Kiss, Alex, additional, and Cuthbertson, Brian H., additional

Published
2021
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44. Hospital outbreak of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant in partially and fully vaccinated patients and healthcare workers in Toronto, Canada

Author

Susky, Erica K., Hota, Susy, Armstrong, Irene E., Mazzulli, Tony, Kestenberg, Shaindel, Casaubon, Leanne K., Granton, John, Rebelo, Carly, Bartels, Erika, Wrana, Jeff, and Vaisman, Alon

Abstract

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant is highly transmissible, and current vaccines may have reduced effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection. Using epidemiological and genomic analyses, we investigated an outbreak of the variant in an acute-care setting among partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Effective outbreak control was achieved using standard measures.

Published
2023
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45. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcussequence type 1478 spread across hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2013 to 2018

Author

Kleinman, David R., Mitchell, Robyn, McCracken, Melissa, Hota, Susy S., Golding, George R., and Smith, Stephanie W.

Abstract

AbstractObjective:To analyze the spread of a novel sequence type (ST1478) of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faeciumacross Canadian hospitals.Design:Retrospective chart review of patients identified as having ST1478 VRE bloodstream infection.Setting:Canadian hospitals that participate in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP).Methods:From 2013 to 2018, VRE bloodstream isolates collected from participating CNISP hospitals were sent to the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML). ST1478 isolates were identified using multilocus sequence typing, and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Patient characteristics and location data were collected for patients with ST1478 bloodstream infection (BSI). The sequence and patient location information were used to generate clusters of infections and assess for intrahospital and interhospital spread.Results:ST1478 VRE BSI occurred predominantly in a small number of hospitals in central and western Canada. Within these hospitals, infections were clustered on certain wards, and isolates often had <20 single-nucleotide variants (SNV) differences from one another, suggesting a large component of intrahospital spread. Furthermore, some patients with bloodstream infections were identified as moving from one hospital to another, potentially having led to interhospital spread. Genomic analysis of all isolates revealed close relatedness between isolates at multiple different hospitals (<20 SNV) not predicted from our epidemiologic data.Conclusions:Both intrahospital and regional interhospital spread have contributed to the emergence of VRE ST1478 infections across Canada. Whole-genome sequencing provides evidence of spread that might be missed with epidemiologic investigation alone.

Published
2023
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47. Antivirals and the control of influenza outbreaks

Author

Hota, Susy and McGeer, Allison

Subjects
Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Antiviral agents -- Usage, Epidemics -- Control, Epidemics -- Research, Influenza -- Prevention, Infection control -- Methods, Health, Health care industry
Published
2007

49. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) P.1 Lineage in a Long-Term Care Home After Implementation of a Vaccination Program—Ontario, Canada, April–May 2021.

Author

Williams, Chantal, Al-Bargash, Dana, Macalintal, Celeste, Stuart, Rebecca, Seth, Anu, Latham, Julienne, Gitterman, Leah, Fedsin, Stephanie, Godoy, Marion, Kozak, Robert, Guthrie, Jennifer L, Wood, Heidi, McGeer, Allison, Hota, Susy, and Rea, Elizabeth

Subjects
IMMUNIZATION, SARS-CoV-2, CONFIDENCE intervals, COVID-19 vaccines, PREVENTION of communicable diseases, HUMAN services programs, VACCINE effectiveness, SEVERITY of illness index, EPIDEMICS, LONG-term health care, DISEASE management
Abstract

In a P.1 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a long-term care home, vaccine effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was 52.5% (95% confidence interval: 26.9%–69.1%) in residents and 66.2% (2.3%–88.3%) in staff. Vaccine effectiveness against severe illness was 78.6% (47.9%–91.2%) in residents. Two of 19 vaccinated resident case patients died. Outbreak management required both vaccination and infection control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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