972 results on '"Hot and humid"'
Search Results
2. Potential of hybrid radiant cooling with infrared-transparent membranes to improve thermal comfort in hot and humid climate
- Author
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Rafael Albuja, Blanca Foliaco, Antonio Bula, and Arturo Gonzalez-Quiroga
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Condensation risk ,Radiant cooling ,Thermal comfort ,Hot and humid ,Ventilation ,Surface temperature ,Heat ,QC251-338.5 - Abstract
Condensation risk has limited the deployment of radiant cooling systems for improving thermal comfort in hot and humid climates. Infrared-transparent membrane films emerged as a viable alternative to improve hybrid radiant cooling by preventing moisture condensation. This case study assesses the potential of membrane-assisted radiant cooling in a rural school building in Santa Lucia, Atlántico (Colombia), a location with a hot and humid tropical climate throughout the year. The study evaluates different cooling strategies, including natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, hybrid radiant cooling, and membrane-assisted radiant cooling using EnergyPlus® software. Results for a radiant surface temperature of 4 °C below the dew point show that membrane-assisted radiant cooling could reduce annual discomfort hours by 3–6% compared to conventional radiant cooling. Further experimental and modeling studies should focus on the lowest achievable temperature below the dew point without condensation. Our results suggest that radiant cooling with infrared-transparent membranes is a potentially cost-effective alternative for improving thermal comfort in rural school buildings in hot and humid climates.
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- 2022
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3. Application of Energy Recovery Systems in Various Building Types and Climatic Conditions
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Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu, Riffat, Saffa, Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu, and Riffat, Saffa
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- 2020
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4. Outdoor Comfort in Metro Manila: Mitigating Thermal Stress in Typical Urban Blocks by Design
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de la Rosa, Juanito Alipio A., Roggema, Rob, editor, and Roggema, Anouk, editor
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- 2020
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5. Numerical analysis of cooling potential and indoor thermal comfort with a novel hybrid radiant cooling system in hot and humid climates.
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Liu, Jiying, Kim, Moon Keun, and Srebric, Jelena
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THERMAL comfort ,COOLING systems ,NUMERICAL analysis ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,EXTREME weather - Abstract
The study investigates a hybrid radiant cooling system's potential to achieve thermal comfort. The hybrid radiant cooling (HRC) system combines the best features of a typical all-air and conventional chilled radiant cooling system. An HRC system presents the advantages to (a) reduce vapour condensation and to (b) adjust the cooling output by using an Airbox convector. The three systems perceive thermal comfort in the predicted mean vote (PMV) between –0.5 and +0.5 at 25 and 27°C. In the room condition at 31°C, the all-air system has a lower thermal comfort level because the elevated airspeed is less effective when the mean radiant temperature (MRT) is low. This study suggests a cooling strategy to maximize the thermal comfort level by effectively utilizing the HRC in extreme conditions without extra cooling sources. When the designed set point indoor temperature is 25°C, the Airbox convector of the HRC fan can be off. However, if the indoor air temperature increases above 25°C, an occupant can activate the Airbox convector; the actual thermal output of HRC is increased, and the elevated airspeed can reduce the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) level. Even in an extreme indoor thermal condition at 31°C, the HRC minimizes the PPD level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. A regression-based three-phase approach to assess outdoor thermal comfort in informal micro-entrepreneurial settings in tropical Mumbai.
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Banerjee, Shreya, Middel, Ariane, and Chattopadhyay, Subrata
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THERMAL comfort , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *EVAPORATIVE cooling , *ACCLIMATIZATION , *WIND speed , *MEGALOPOLIS - Abstract
Urban heat poses a public health risk to the residents of megacities in developing countries because the population spends a significant amount of time outdoors to work and socialize with limited cooling resources. Understanding the drivers of outdoor comfort and heat stress in informal work settings is important to design climate-sensitive outdoor spaces and reduce heat vulnerability. We present outdoor thermal comfort perceptions (OTCPs) of people engaged in outdoor micro entrepreneurial activities in Mumbai using seasonal surveys and biometeorological observations. We propose a three-phase approach to analyze the relative importance of climatic and non-climatic variables for OTCPs. The first phase evaluates the seasonal and intra-neighborhood variation of thermal sensation votes (TSV) with respect to physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and air temperature. Second, we include physiological parameters to evaluate the seasonal and intra-neighborhood variation of overall sensation votes (OSV). Third, we consider aggregated survey responses and include behavioral and perceptual variables to determine their relative significance. We employ three linear modeling techniques to assess model performance in explaining the variability of OTCP using OSV as dependent variable. Results reveal that microclimatic parameters alone are unable to explain the variability of OTCP. Our results yield a neutral PET value (PETneutral) of 23.75 °C for Mumbai in the winter. PETneutral was higher for activities at the clothing market compared to other micro entrepreneurial activities. Acclimatization significantly improved comfort in the summer, while evaporative cooling was beneficial in the winter. Further, an ANCOVA and ordinal logistic regressions demonstrate the importance of behavioral attributes (presence in the location, expectation, beverage intake) in explaining the variance in OTCP. Our study also reveals that wind speed and humidity play an important role in shaping overall comfort in the Mumbai neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Test day yield, lactation curve and production potential of Gir cattle under hot and humid conditions of Tamil Nadu
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VENKATARAMANAN, S MEENAKSHI SUNDARAM, VRINDA B AMBIKE, T MUTHURAMALINGAM, and M MANOBHAVAN
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Gir ,Hot and humid ,Lactation curve models ,Test day yield ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Test day milk yield records (5130), milk production and milk composition traits from 19 lactations of Gir cows collected for two years (2019 and 2020) were used to understand the performance of Gir breed in hot and humid conditions of Tamil Nadu. Different lactation curve models were used for modelling test day records and model diagnostics like adjusted R-square, BIC and RMSE were used to obtain the model of best fit. The mean test day yield, fat per cent, SNF (%), total milk yield, peak yield, days to attain peak yield and calving interval observed were 5.78 kg, 5.05%, 7.65%, 1507 kg, 9.23 kg, 46.5 days and 447 days respectively. Ali and Shaeffer model offered the best fit for lactation curve in Gir cows. Mahadevan method and Gamma function were used to calculate the persistency of milk yield which was obtained as 1.33 and 6.348 respectively. Results of the study indicated that Gir cattle were able to adapt themselves through maintenance of reproductive traits comparable with that of the native tract but the new humid environment has caused a slight decrease in the performance of milk production traits.
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- 2022
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8. A review of desiccant evaporative cooling systems in hot and humid climates.
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Abd Manaf, Ismanizam, Durrani, Faisal, and Eftekhari, Mahroo
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The use of air conditioning systems has seen considerable growth in the last few decades all over the world, especially in commercial buildings. However, it has shown to have adverse effects on the environment as well as increased energy consumption in buildings. Thus, there has been extensive research to identify alternatives to conventional vapour compression air conditioning systems. Desiccant evaporative cooling (DEC) is one such encouraging system, yet research into its use is still at an initial stage and it needs to be investigated further. In this paper desiccant-based evaporative cooling systems are reviewed, focusing mostly on the solid-based desiccant. The study presents one-stage and two-stage dehumidification, and direct and indirect evaporative cooling for application in hot and humid climates. The review has identified that solid-based desiccant evaporative cooling systems have high potential for use in hot and humid weather. Basic desiccant direct evaporative cooling systems having greater effectiveness in term of output temperature compared to indirect types, but any enhancement in the basic system such as use of an indirect/direct type resulted in a more efficient system. Different system configurations also showed that two-stage systems performed better and displayed lower supply temperatures and humidity ratios compared to the one-stage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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9. Low energy ground cooling system for buildings in hot and humid Malaysia
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Sanusi, Aliyah Nur Zafirah
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333.79 ,ground cooling ,Malaysia ,hot and humid ,low energy ,soil temperature ,thermal comfort ,Energy Plus - Abstract
This thesis presents an investigation into the viability of Low Energy Earth Pipe Cooling Technology in providing thermal comfort in Malaysia. The demand for air-conditioning in buildings in Malaysia affects the country escalating energy consumption. Therefore, this investigation was intended to seek for a passive cooling alternative to air-conditioning. By reducing the air-conditioning demand, there would be a higher chance of Malaysia government to achieve their aim in reducing CO2 emissions to 40 per cent by the year 2020, compared to 2005 levels. The passive technology, where the ground was used as a heat sink to produce cooler air, has not been investigated systematically in hot and humid countries. In this work, air and soil temperatures were measured on a test site in Kuala Lumpur. At 1m underground, the result is most significant, where the soil temperature are 6oC and 9oC lower than the maximum ambient temperature during wet and dry season, respectively. Polyethylene pipes were buried around 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m underground and temperature drop between inlet and outlet were compared. A significant temperature drop was found in these pipes: up to 6.4oC and 6.9oC depending on the season of the year. The results have shown the potential of Earth Pipe in providing low energy cooling in Malaysia. A parametric study on the same experiment was carried out using Energy Plus programme. Energy Plus data agreed with the field work data and therefore, this confirms Energy Plus is reliable to investigate Earth Pipe Cooling in Malaysia. Furthermore, thermal comfort of air at the Earth Pipe outlet was analyzed and the result has shown that the outlet air is within the envelope of thermal comfort conditions for hot/humid countries
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- 2012
10. Energy Design Guidelines for High Performance Schools: Tropical Island Climates
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- 2004
11. A comparative study on details of green walls in different climates
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M. Mahmoudi Zarandi and M. Pourmousa
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green façade ,living wall ,hot and humid ,temperate ,hot and dry ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Global warming has today turned to one of the most important environmental issues due tooveruse of fossil fuels, and it needs serious attention. Since the mid-1970s, an urgent needwas therefore felt around the world to reduce the use of energy for heating and cooling inbuildings. Using green covers, especially green facades, in appropriate environmentalconditions can be regarded as a method to achieve thermal comfort while maintaining thebuilding energy consumption low as well as reducing greenhouse gases emission. Thepresent paper investigates the features related to living walls in different climates. Based onresults, due to reduced heat absorption, evaporative cooling and low thermal conductivity,the hotter and drier the climate, the higher the efficiency of the green wall as well astemperature reduction will be. On the other hand, using of green walls in temperate and hotand humid climates has a positive effect, but because of the humidity factor, open or closedair layers should also be considered. The green wall surface creates more stable relativehumidity in the air layer near the wall surface without increasing the relative humidity ofindoor air. At the urban scale in the warmer and drier climates, the green covers will have adramatic effect on urban temperatures. Using green covers of buildings’ walls, there will bea significant potential for reducing urban temperatures, while the highest efficiency will beachieved with simultaneous application of green surfaces for both roofs and walls.
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- 2018
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12. Screening of natural lactic acid bacteria with potential effect on silage fermentation, aerobic stability and aflatoxin B1 in hot and humid area.
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Guan, H., Ke, W., Yan, Y., Shuai, Y., Li, X., Ran, Q., Yang, Z., Wang, X., Cai, Y., and Zhang, X.
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LACTIC acid bacteria , *SILAGE , *SILAGE fermentation , *LACTOBACILLUS rhamnosus , *LACTOBACILLUS plantarum , *CENCHRUS purpureus , *LACTIC acid - Abstract
Aim: To effectively make high‐quality silage in hot and humid area. Methods and Results: The natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains CZ149, XH358, XH753 and XH761 isolated from corn and Napier grass were screened by the potential of low pH growth and high lactic acid production, and their effect on silage quality, aerobic stability and aflatoxin B1 production of whole‐crop corn was also studied in Sichuan, China. Four selected strains were Gram‐positive and catalase‐negative, rod‐shaped strains that are able to grow at pH 3·5 and at 45°C. Strains CZ149, XH358, XH753 and XH761 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. salivarius, L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei, respectively. After 60 days of fermentation, all LAB strains showed no significant relationship with the quality of corn silage, whereas the lowest aflatoxin B1 and lactic‐to‐acetic ratio were detected in strain XH753‐treated silage. Strain CZ149‐treated silage showed worse aerobic stability and higher aflatoxin B1 concentration than control, whereas strain XH753‐treated silage had better aerobic stability and lowest aflatoxin B1 concentration after aerobic exposure in hot and humid condition for 5 days. Conclusions: The three L. plantarum strains used in this study are not suitable as inoculants for local whole‐crop corn silage, whereas L. rhamnosus 753 could prolong the aerobic stability and inhibit the accumulation of aflatoxin B1 at hot and humid condition. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides new information of LAB inoculants for corn silage in hot and humid areas. Especially, a screened strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 753 can be used as a candidate strains to make high‐quality silage in tropical and subtropical areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Building America Best Practices Series - High-Performance Home Technologies: Guide to Determining Climate Regions by County
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Ruiz, Kathi [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]
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- 2013
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14. 高温多湿環境下におけるアイススラリーの事前摂取が長時間高強度間欠的運動中の生理的および主観的応答に与える影響について
- Subjects
高温多湿 ,precooling ,アイススラリー ,プレクーリング ,サッカー ,東北学院大学 ,Tohoku Gakuin University ,ice slurry ,soccer ,hot and humid - Published
- 2022
15. Performance study of a phase change material Trombe wall system in summer in hot and humid area of China
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Chao Li, Xun Yang, and Kewen Peng
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General Energy ,Solar energy ,Trombe wall system ,Environmental science ,Trombe wall ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Indoor ventilation ,Atmospheric sciences ,Phase-change material ,Hot and humid ,Phase change material ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
In order to reduce the impact of daytime climate fluctuation on the performance of the Trombe wall system (TWS) and enhance its ventilation and cooling effect in summer, an improved phase change material (PCM) TWS was constructed in this study. In this paper, the thermal performance of the PCM TWS was evaluated by comparative experiments in hot and humid area of China in summer. The findings demonstrated that the PCM TWS provided more effective heat insulation than the common envelope and the typical TWS. During the day the PCM cold storage plate released the cooling capacity with a peak heat flow rate of - 25.1w/m2 and it accumulated cold energy with a peak heat flow rate of 20.1w/m2 during the night. The PCM TWS achieves better induced ventilation than the typical TWS, corresponding to a maximum room ventilation rate of 140m3/h (31h−1) and a minimum value of 29m3/h (6 h−1). The PCM TWS can significantly lower the indoor air temperature to a maximum of 2.1 °C compared to the typical TWS and 5 °C compared to the ordinary envelope.
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- 2022
16. Stable carbon isotope composition of bone hydroxylapatite: significance in paleodietary analysis
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Yan Zhao, Yibo Yang, Guang-Ying Ren, Ying Guo, and Fu-Cheng Zhang
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010506 paleontology ,Carbon isotope composition ,Enamel paint ,δ13C ,biology ,Stratigraphy ,Paleontology ,Vertebrate ,Hydroxylapatite ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Diagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,visual_art ,biology.animal ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Animal bone ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Geology ,Hot and humid ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The stable carbon isotope composition of the structural carbonate derived from animal bone hydroxylapatite (δ13CB-HA) could record an animal’s diet. These records provide critical evidence for different paleontological disciplines, e.g., paleodiet analyses, and paleoclimate reconstructions. Compared to those of other body tissues, such as bone collagen or teeth enamel hydroxylapatite, δ13CB-HA values record information on the whole diet of an animal in its last years. δ13CB-HA can be applied to fossil animals of various body sizes. The δ13C analytical instruments available only require that prepared bone samples be approximately 2–5 mg for precise measurement, allowing δ13CB-HA analysis to be feasible on most vertebrate fossils without destructive sampling, especially on small mammals or birds whose teeth are not large enough for sampling or are lost. Moreover, δ13CB-HA can be used from different times or under less than ideal burial environments. For fossils dating back to Devonian or buried in hot and humid regions, dietary information has been completely lost in bone collagen during post-depositional processes but still remained in the δ13CB-HA values because hydroxylapatite is less influenced by diagenetic effects after deposition. In addition, systematic methods such as X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been developed to qualitatively or semiquantitatively assess the influence of diagenesis on bone hydroxylapatite to ensure the credibility of the δ13CB-HA values. With the above merits, δ13CB-HA analysis is therefore becoming an increasingly important method in paleodiet-related research. Currently, applications of the δ13CB-HA method on fossil animals are primarily focused on two aspects, namely, paleodietary reconstruction of fossil animals with uncertain diets and paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on the δ13CB-HA values of fossil herbivores. The published researches, combined with our new results from early birds, demonstrate the considerable significance of the δ13CB-HA method in paleontological and paleoenvironmental research. Notably, the δ13CB-HA-based paleodietary analysis of early vertebrates, especially the large number of small birds or mammals discovered in the past decades would be an important work in the near future.
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- 2022
17. Introduction to Buildings Systems Performance: Houses That Work II
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Hendron, B. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)]
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- 2004
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18. Experimental investigation of solid desiccant wheel in hot and humid weather of India
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D.B. Jani and Mohsin J. Dadi
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Desiccant ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental engineering ,Environmental science ,Building and Construction ,Hot and humid - Published
- 2021
19. Thermoregulatory responses in persons with lower-limb amputation during upper-limb endurance exercise in a hot and humid environment
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Nobuo Adachi, Hiroaki Kimura, Daigo Nakashima, Kouki Fukuhara, Yasunari Ikuta, Yukio Mikami, Fumihiro Tajima, and Hiroshi Hasegawa
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Male ,Core (anatomy) ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Rehabilitation ,Skin temperature ,Sweating ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Amputation, Surgical ,Upper Extremity ,SWEAT ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Amputation ,Endurance training ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Humans ,Upper limb ,Analysis of variance ,Skin Temperature ,business ,Hot and humid ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with an amputation may have an increased heat strain due to reduced surface area. However, there is limited evidence on the thermoregulatory responses in persons with lower-limb amputation (LLA). Although a previous study reported no difference in their rectal temperatures (Tres) in a hot environment, suggesting compensatory sweating of the intact limb, we examined the thermoregulatory responses of such persons in a hot and humid environment. OBJECTIVE To compare the thermoregulatory responses-through changes in Tre, sweat, and oxygen uptake (O2)-between persons with LLA and able-bodied (AB) individuals, in hot and humid environments. STUDY DESIGN A nonrandomized control trial. METHODS Nine AB men (AB group) and nine persons with LLA group performed the arm ergometer exercise at 60% peak power output intensity for 60 min in a hot and humid environment, and they were tested before and after performing. The O2, Tre and skin temperature, and total body sweating, and local sweating during exercise were measured and compared between the groups. RESULTS The changes in O2 and Tre after the endurance exercise did not differ between the groups (ΔTre: AB group, 1.1°C ± 0.5°C; LLA group, 1.2°C ±0.3 °C; P = 0.65), whereas the amount of local sweating of the chest (group effect, P < 0.01 by two-way analysis of variance [group × time], the group effect size was medium, η2 = 0.10) and dehydration rate (AB group, 1.5% ± 0.5%; LLA group, 2.1% ± 0.5%; P = 0.03) were higher in the LLA than in the AB group. CONCLUSIONS We compared the thermoregulatory responses of persons with LLA with those of AB individuals in hot and humid environments. Core body temperatures of persons with LLAs during endurance exercise were not different from those of AB men even in hot and humid environments. We found compensatory increases in the sweat rate of the chest and increased dehydration rate in persons with LLA. More sweat potentially means that athletes with LLA need to drink more fulids.
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- 2021
20. Development of Thermally Comfortable Clothing for Hot and Humid Environment
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Abdul Basit, Faiza Safdar, Muhammad Asad Saeed, Hafiz Shahzad Maqsood, and Kashif Iqbal
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Materials science ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Thermal resistance ,Air permeability specific surface ,Metallurgy ,Evaporation ,Water vapor permeability ,Clothing ,business ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Comfort is essential in sportswear, where athlete requires transportation and evaporation of sweat from body. In addition to that water vapor permeability, thermal resistance and air permeability a...
- Published
- 2021
21. Influence of multi-decadal meteorological variability on the reference evpotranspirtion in hot and humid coastal town of Annamalainagar in Tamil Nadu state
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S. Mohan, Manikumari N, and A. Murugappan
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Atmospheric Science ,East coast ,Geophysics ,Vapour Pressure Deficit ,Evapotranspiration ,Climatology ,Net radiation ,Sunshine duration ,Weather data ,Environmental science ,Wind speed ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key pointer of atmospheric evaporation demand and has been extensively used to describe the hydrological change. In this study, the reference evapotranspiration over the hot and humid town, Annamalainagar, very near to the east coast in Tamilnadu State, India, have been estimated employing the FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) method and the observed daily weather data during 1977-2016. The objective of the present study is two-fold: (i) To identify the multi-decadal trend of the various measured meteorological parameters namely, mean air temperature (Tmean), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), actual sunshine hours (SSH), net radiation (Rn) and wind speed (WS) at the study location and (ii) To identify the main contributing meteorological parameter for the detected decreasing trend in ETo over the multi-decadal period.
- Published
- 2021
22. Surgical masks do not increase the risk of heat stroke during mild exercise in hot and humid environment
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Yuta Masuda, Kei Nagashima, and Issei Kato
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Hot Temperature ,Visual analogue scale ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Heat Stroke ,Skin temperature ,Thirst ,Body Temperature ,Heart Rate ,Sensation ,Medicine ,Humans ,Relative humidity ,Mild exercise ,Hyperthermia ,Stroke ,Fatigue ,Heat load ,Core body temperature ,business.industry ,Respiration ,Evaporative heat loss ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Masks ,Humidity ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory resistance ,Surgical mask ,Anesthesia ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Hot and humid ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
Surgical masks are widely used for the prevention of respiratory infections. However, the risk of heat stroke during intense work or exercise in hot and humid environment is a concern. This study aimed to examine whether wearing a surgical mask increases the risk of heat stroke during mild exercise in such environment. Twelve participants conducted treadmill exercise for 30 min at 6 km/h, with 5% slope, 35°C ambient temperature, and 65% relative humidity, while wearing or not a surgical mask (mask and control trials, respectively). Rectal temperature (Trec), ear canal temperature (Tear), and mean skin temperature (mean Tskin) were assessed. Skin temperature and humidity of the perioral area of the face (Tface and RHface) were also estimated. Thermal sensation and discomfort, sensation of humidity, fatigue, and thirst were rated using the visual analogue scale. Trec, Tear, mean Tskin, and Tface increased during the exercise, without any difference between the two trials. RHface during the exercise was greater in the mask trial. Hot sensation was greater in the mask trial, but no influence on fatigue and thirst was found. These results suggest that wearing a surgical mask does not increase the risk of heat stroke during mild exercise in moist heat.
- Published
- 2021
23. Using a chain recooling system on buildings in hot and humid climates.
- Author
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Chen, Wei-Jen, Claridge, David E., and Liao, Jiajun
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ENERGY consumption of buildings ,COOLING ,HUMIDITY ,VENTILATION ,INDOOR air quality - Abstract
In hot and humid climates, warm outside air with rich moisture content impacts several aspects of building operation. To meet the ventilation requirement while maintaining indoor relative humidity (RH) at the desired level, dehumidification is usually required. This is typically done by cooling the air to 55 °F (12.8 °C). However, if the zone cooling load is low, then inefficient reheat may be necessary to maintain the indoor temperature set-point. To achieve better system efficiency, a new HVAC system concept called the "Chain Recooling System" is proposed. In this paper, it is shown that compared to a conventional Single Duct Variable Air Volume (SDVAV) system, the proposed system has the potential to provide better indoor air quality, eliminate the reheat requirement, and reduce fan energy consumption. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, a building on the Texas A&M University campus in College Station, TX, is selected as a case study. It is projected that the HVAC system related energy consumption would be reduced by 15.2% and the average contaminant level would be reduced by 27% if the SDVAV system were replaced by the CRS without sacrificing comfort in the individual zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Toward Stable Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics: A Six-Month Outdoor Performance Study in a Hot and Humid Climate
- Author
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Michael Salvador, Esma Ugur, Alessandro J. Mirabelli, Michele De Bastiani, Furkan Halis Isikgor, George T. Harrison, Bin Chen, Yi Hou, Thomas Allen, Shynggys Zhumagali, Maxime Babics, Edward H. Sargent, Erkan Aydin, Stefaan De Wolf, Jiang Liu, Atteq ur Rehman, Semen Shikin, Emmanuel Van Kerschaver, Quentin Jeangros, and Christophe Ballif
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Engineering ,design ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Library science ,induced degradation ,02 engineering and technology ,migration ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Materials Chemistry ,Naval research ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,stability ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Navy ,solar-cells ,Fuel Technology ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,heat ,light ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are emerging as a high-efficiency and prospectively cost-effective solar technology with great promise for deployment at the utility scale. However, despite the remarkable performance progress reported lately, assuring sufficient device stability-particularly of the perovskite top cell-remains a challenge on the path to practical impact. In this work, we analyze the outdoor performance of encapsulated bifacial perovskite/silicon tandems, by carrying out field-testing in Saudi Arabia. Over a six month experiment, we find that the open circuit voltage retains its initial value, whereas the fill factor degrades, which is found to have two causes. A first degradation mechanism is linked with ion migration in the perovskite and is largely reversible overnight, though it does induce hysteretic behavior over time. A second, irreversible, mechanism is caused by corrosion of the silver metal top contact with the formation of silver iodide. These findings provide directions for the design of new and more stable perovskite/silicon tandems
- Published
- 2021
25. Climatological and social fallacies about COVID-19 pandemic
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Matloob Ahmad, Uttam Kumar, Ambar Farooq, Matoor Mohsin Gilani, Junaite Bin Gais Uddin, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, and Awais Shakoor
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Public health ,Community safety ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Misconceptions ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,food and beverages ,Outbreak ,Natural resource ,Geography ,Environmental‐related myths ,Development economics ,Pandemic ,Commentary ,Coronavirus (COVID-19) ,Cold weather ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global challenge since 2019. With the fast rise in the infected cases and deaths worldwide, many environmental and climate-related myths and fallacies spreaded fast. These fallacies include virus cannot spread in hot and humid conditions, cold weather can inhibit the virus, drinking hot water and sunlight can help cure the COVID-19, ultraviolet (UV) disinfectant lamps and UV rays from sunlight can kill the virus, use of hairdryers and hot showers for virus prevention, etc. Social norms and mindset of the people in the world towards a pandemic are quite similar. The primary purpose of this article is to enlighten the readers regarding these climatological misconceptions and social fallacies, helping spread proper knowledge and manage the outbreak of this deadly pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
26. Application of Supra Molecular Immaterialness Adsorbent in Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds Control in Hot and Humid Areas
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Wei Cai, Qiu Tu, Xiujuan Guo, and Xiaodong Wen
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inorganic chemicals ,Materials science ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Supramolecular chemistry ,macromolecular substances ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Molecular recognition ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Intermolecular interaction ,biological sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Supramolecular interaction is a kind of intermolecular interaction with molecular recognition ability. Based on molecular recognition, the design, synthesis, and assembly of novel supramolecular fu...
- Published
- 2021
27. A comparative study to evaluate the feasibilityand efficacy of use of mehendi vs temporary pen markings for skin marking in patients undergoing conventional external beam radiotherapy with Cobalt 60 machine
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S Neena Prasad, Pal SuparnaKanti, Siddhartha Basu, Das Sumana Maiti, and Gupta Kunal Kishor
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business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiation field ,Significant difference ,Dentistry ,General Medicine ,Skin tone ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Conventional radiotherapy ,Ambient lighting ,medicine ,In patient ,External beam radiotherapy ,business ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Introduction and Aim: The most common practice for marking the radiation field borders in conventional radiotherapy is with marker pens. In the hot and humid environment in India these markings rapidly fade and require remarking. In some cases, they require re-simulation and re-planning. Mehndi has been used in India for ceremonial marking on skin for long. Here we seek to evaluate the same for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two patients with no history of hyper-sensitivity to mehendi were scheduled to be analyzed on per protocol treatment basis, with 41 in each arm. Subjects were randomized by lottery method till the target number in one of the arms is reached. Since one subject in each arm had not received the per protocol management due to default, two more subjects were included and randomized. The minimum duration of treatment was 5 weeks. Markings were done either with mehndi cones (Arm A) or conventionally used Skin marking pens. They were repeated as per requirements. The number of application and gap between them were recorded. The data was later analyzed with SPSS v23 for frequencies, independent sample T test, including Mann-Whitney test. The analysis was per protocol. Results: No incidence of hypersensitivity to mehendi occurred.The mean and median number of applications was significantly less in the Mehndi arm compared to control arm (median being 2 in mehndi arm compared to 4 in Pen arm). The median gap between applications and each application was also significantly lower in the Mehndi arm (11.5 days vs 7.25 days). There was no significant difference with visualization. The comfort level of the technologists, consultants and patients were better with Mehndi than with pen arm on Likert scale. Conclusion: Mehndi is more durable than the pen marking it is equally visible for health care professionals and more comfortable to patients. The skin tone of our patients did not pose any challenge in visualization during set up either in ambient lighting or with lasers.
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- 2021
28. Seasonal effects on the continuous positive airway pressure adherence of patients with obstructive sleep apnea
- Author
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Yasunori Oka, Tomoko Wakamura, and Yoko Fujino
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Polysomnography ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Continuous positive airway pressure ,Cpap adherence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Actual use ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Therapy adherence ,medicine.disease ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,030228 respiratory system ,Seasonal change ,Adherence ,Patient Compliance ,Seasons ,Cutoff point ,business ,therapeutics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Hot and humid ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
[Objective] This study examined seasonal differences in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy adherence among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). [Methods] Patients aged ≥20 years with OSA who had used CPAP devices on the automatic setting for >12 consecutive months (n = 141) were included in this retrospective study from December 2015–2016. The information of CPAP use (pressure, hours of actual use) was extracted from database downloaded from patients’ CPAP devices. Patients were divided into adherent and non-adherent groups using the cutoff point of 70% CPAP use for ≥4 h daily over the 1-year study period. CPAP use data were averaged for each season. [Results] Patients in the adherent group were significantly older than those in the non-adherent group (p < 0.001). In the adherent group, the rate of ≥4 h daily CPAP use was significantly lower, the daily duration of CPAP use was significantly shorter, and the residual apnea–hypopnea index (AHI; events/hour) was significantly higher in summer than in other seasons (all p < 0.001). In the non-adherent group, the duration of daily CPAP use and the AHI differed significantly between winter and summer (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). [Conclusions] Seasonal changes were associated with the CPAP adherence of patients with OSA. The study findings suggest that there is possibility of increasing the duration of CPAP use by adjusting the bedroom environment in hot and humid seasons.
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- 2021
29. Natural ventilation for office building retrofit in dense urban context under hot and humid climate
- Author
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Marilia Ramalho Fontenelle, Sylvie Lorente, and Leopoldo Eurico Gonçalves Bastos
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Indoor air ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Significant part ,Retrofitting ,Thermal comfort ,Environmental science ,Ansys cfx ,Context (language use) ,Natural ventilation ,Civil engineering ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Recent studies underline that simple and non-invasive retrofit solutions can recover natural ventilation potential in existing buildings under temperate climate. Nonetheless, the efficiency of these solutions in dense urban contexts under hot and humid climate remains unclear. This paper aims to evaluate the thermal comfort gains caused by natural ventilation when retrofitting an office building in downtown Rio de Janeiro. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and thermal simulations are carried out on Ansys CFX and Design builder to assess indoor air flow before and after retrofit. The diagnosis of the current scenario indicates that the surrounding buildings block a significant part of the wind flow, and occupants experience only a few hours of thermal comfort during the year, especially on lower floors. To increase indoor air flow, the fixed upper windows were transformed into pivot windows and kept open permanently. This measure increases the annual hours of thermal comfort by 0.5-35%, depending on the floor and the adaptive comfort model. These findings suggest that natural ventilation itself may not be sufficient to ensure occupants' comfort throughout the year under the investigated context.
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- 2021
30. Greenhouse Daylight Illuminance for Users’ Satisfaction in Hot and Humid Climate
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Ricardo Sánchez, Amalina Safiah Jasni, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad, and Mariam Felani Shaari
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Sunlight ,Geography ,Greenhouse ,Daylight ,Building simulation ,Daylight illuminance ,License ,Agricultural economics ,Hot and humid - Abstract
The greenhouse is vital to protect indoor crops from the harsh hot-humid climate. This study firstly identifies design attributes of greenhouses such as dimension, shapes, orientation, and shading. Secondly, it assesses the impacts of design attributes on the greenhouse daylight performance using VeluxVisualizer. The results showed an increase in the number of skylights caused higher average daylight illuminance in the greenhouse. All the models passed the requirement for plants with small sunlight claim between 7 and 9 hours per day. This study paves the way for energy-efficient buildings with the aid of building simulation to benefit the users. Keywords: Greenhouse Design Features, Daylight Simulation, Hot and Humid Climate eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2711
- Published
- 2021
31. Development of Cost-Effective Restriping Strategies using Standard Width and Wide Waterborne Paints on Asphalt Pavements in Hot and Humid Climates
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Paul J Carlson, Marwa M. Hassan, Momen R. Mousa, Saleh R. Mousa, and Jason Davis
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050210 logistics & transportation ,Asphalt ,Mechanical Engineering ,021105 building & construction ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Environmental engineering ,Environmental science ,02 engineering and technology ,Hot and humid ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
In Louisiana, most districts restripe their roadways using waterborne paints every other year; this strategy is questionable in relation to efficiency and economy. Previous studies show substantial variability in paint service life throughout the U.S.A., ranging between 0.25 and 6.2 years. Shortcomings in modeling the retroreflectivity of waterborne paints appear to significantly contribute to these variations as several studies predicted these values using degradation curves with a coefficient of determination (R2) as low as 0.1. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop new cost-effective restriping strategies using 4 in. and 6 in. wide waterborne paints (15 and 25 mils thickness) when applied on asphalt pavements in hot and humid climates. To achieve this objective, National Transportation Product Evaluation Program data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the field performance of waterborne paints commonly used in southern states of the U.S.A. and to develop a decision making model that may be used by transportation agencies to predict when to restripe their roadways. Results indicated that 4 in. wide standard paints exhibited service life up to four years depending on the line color, traffic and initial retroreflectivity, while 4 in. wide high build paints had a service life of at least three years. Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, it was concluded that Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development could restripe its district roads every three years instead of the current two-year period using the same product (4 in. or 6 in. wide) saving about $20 million or $2 million, respectively, every year when restriping a 5,000-mi network.
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- 2021
32. A study of the skylight coverage ratio for air-conditioned atriumsin the hot and humid regions
- Author
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Isaac Y.F. Lun, Yu Huang, Dawei Xia, Siwei Lou, and Danny H.W. Li
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020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Skylight ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Coverage ratio ,Architecture ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Hot and humid ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The skylight on the roof of an atrium can be popular for commercial malls to illuminate the core area of the building. However, the solar radiation and its heat can get into the building together with the daylight, causing excessive cooling load. This paper studies the daylighting and energy performances of skylight coverage area for the air-conditioned atriums in the hot and humid regions. The energy performance with different atrium heights, glass types and the coverage ratios of the skylight are studied. The daylight performance was simulated by the ray-tracing Radiance and was transferred into EnergyPlus for energy evaluations. The finding suggested that, for hot and humid climates, the skylight coverage ratio should be controlled carefully to prevent the excessive solar heat gain. When the on/off lighting control is applied, the total energy consumption of the single-floor cases (or of the top floor for the multi-floor cases) leveled off when the coverage ratio of the skylight reached 9%. Thus, the skylight is favorable to the energy saving of the low-rise or single-floor commercial buildings only under the current assumptions, as the ground of the atrium cannot be well illuminated while the excessive solar radiation gets into the building. The skylight should be shaded in cooling seasons to prevent the excessive solar heat gains.
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- 2021
33. Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Composites
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Mylène Deléglise-Lagardère, Chung Hae Park, Leila Bonnaud, and Anurag Pisupati
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0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Moisture ,Thermosetting polymer ,02 engineering and technology ,Epoxy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Flax fiber ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flexural strength ,visual_art ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,medicine ,Composite material ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Hot and humid - Abstract
A new type of flax fiber-reinforced bio-sourced thermoset composites is investigated to explore their usage in hot and humid conditions and is compared with flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Hygrothermal aging of composites is carried out for 40 days at 50 °C and 90%RH. The influence of moisture uptake of composites during aging is evaluated in terms of physical parameters (i.e., swelling and weight gain) and mechanical properties. The deterioration of the mechanical properties during aging is mainly attributed to the presence of flax fibers, especially the fiber-matrix interface. The evolution of flexural properties induced by aging is similar for both synthetic epoxy composites and bio-based benzoxazine composites and is described using an analytical model. The mechanical test results show that after 40 days of aging, flax/benzoxazine composites lose about 20% of their flexural properties whereas flax/epoxy composites lose about 32% of properties. The recovery of flexural properties after drying is higher for flax/benzoxazine composites than for flax/epoxy composites, which demonstrates the potential of this bio-sourced thermoset composite material.
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- 2021
34. Screening of genotypes against alternaria blight in rapeseed and mustard
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Bavita Yadav, H. K. Singh, N. A. Khan, S. P. Singh, Prabhat K Singh, and S Prasad
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Veterinary medicine ,Rapeseed ,Disease severity ,Genotype ,Blight ,Rabi crop ,Biology ,Alternaria ,biology.organism_classification ,Hot and humid - Abstract
The field experiments were conducted at Student’s Instruction Form, ANDUA&T, Kumarganj Ayodhya. The climate is hot and humid summer and cold winters, during the rabi crop season in the year 2017-18. One hundred genotypes of Rapeseed-mustard were used for the present investigation. The earliest appearance of disease (30 days) was noted in genotypes RAURD-09-32, RM-WR-09-5, PAB-09-07, PRB-2004-3-4, RGN-307, RH-0834, RH-0902, RH-0952, RH-0903, RHH-1101, YSWB- 2012/9 (44 days) PPBJ-2, RAURD-09-78, and (45 days) PPBN-3, PT-2006-4 and lowest disease severity was recorded genotypes PHR-2, (9.5) PAB- 2004-4 (20.5) PPBJ-2 (22.2), PPBN-3 (22.3) PPBN-2 (22.6) PPBJ-5 (23.3), PPBJ-3 (24.3), PPBJ-4 (24.5) PAB-2005-16 (24.5), RRM-789, (43.6), RH-0555A, (43.7). AUDPC showed more susceptible genotypes the lowest PHR-2 (214.5) was recorded and genotypes screened, none of the genotypes were found disease -free or highly resistance, only 1 genotype namely (PHR-2) were found resistance, 8 genotypes namely (PPBN-2, PPBN-3, PPBJ-3, PPBJ-2, PPBJ-5, PPBJ-4, PAB-2005-16, PAB- 2004-4), were rated as moderated resistance, 37 moderated susceptible and 54 as susceptible.
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- 2021
35. Broiler production challenges in the tropics: A review
- Author
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Kokou Tona, Frédérick Makpondji Houndonougbo, O.E. Oke, and Cocou Claude Kpomasse
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Tropical Climate ,Hot Temperature ,General Veterinary ,broilers ,business.industry ,Veterinary medicine ,Broiler ,Climate change ,Tropics ,food and beverages ,Review ,Biotechnology ,Heat stress ,stress ,Tropical climate ,SF600-1100 ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Animals ,Optimal growth ,Animal Husbandry ,business ,metabolism ,Chickens ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Under tropical climate, broiler production is encumbered by several constraints which make it difficult for them to attain their genetic potential. The scarcity and high price of poultry feed and veterinary services and the harsh environmental conditions with respect to thermal stress are some of the challenges that hinder optimal growth of the birds. Limited availability of feedstuffs, including crucial feed ingredients like maize and oil seedcakes, is an important challenge to the sector, since feed still represents a major cost of producing broiler chickens. Additionally, the problem of climate change, which has become a global concern, is the main problem in broiler production under hot and humid climate. Under high ambient temperature, feed intake decreases, carbohydrates metabolism and protein synthesis efficiency are disturbed. Lipid utilization is lower and glucose or insulin homeostasis is altered while fat deposition and oxidative stress increases. Several strategies are used to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in poultry. The objective of this review was to summarize the challenge in broiler production under hot and humid climate and different approaches to fight heat stress in poultry., Broiler farmers are confronted with crucial problems under tropical climate. The most important is harsh environmental conditions. Heat stress which lead to oxidative stress impairs glucose metabolism, protein efficiency and decreases production performances of broilers.
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- 2021
36. Performance characteristics of a solar desiccant/M-cycle air-conditioning system for the buildings in hot and humid areas
- Author
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Karami, Maryam, Delfani, Shahram, and Noroozi, Ali
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- 2020
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37. Thermal performance of a <scp>fixed‐plate air‐to‐air</scp> energy recovery system for building application in hot and humid environment
- Author
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Fatin Zafirah Mansur, Nor Amalin Keling, Saffa Riffat, Ali Salehabadi, Jia Hui Ang, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad, and Yusri Yusup
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Energy recovery ,Fuel Technology ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Thermal ,Environmental engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Environmental science ,Hot and humid - Published
- 2021
38. Respiratory function test data and maximum oxygen consumption of children playing football in a hot and humid environment
- Author
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Aϊpe Judith Ahounou, Jean Michel Bazaba Kayilou, and Ghislain Aymard Moukoumbi Mabika
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business.industry ,General Engineering ,VO2 max ,030229 sport sciences ,Football ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Medicine ,Respiratory function ,business ,Hot and humid ,Test data - Abstract
Nowadays, the achievement of a good sporting performance depends on a good development of physical capacities from a young age while respecting the different stages of growth. In spite of this, some football coaches and trainers have no mastery of the principles of training. They subject children to physical effort that does not correspond to the child's developmental stages. In order to evaluate the respiratory function and maximum oxygen consumption of children trained in football, series of test matches were organised by age group under a temperature of 38°C and a humidity of 60%. The results of the study show an increase in maximum oxygen consumption according to age with extremes of 36, 54 ml/min/kg and 55, 99 ml/min/kg. The classification of the values of V ̇O2max according to the spirometry values shows a representativeness of 13-14 year old children in the class of low spirometry values (CV, FEV1 and DEP) and a strong representativeness of 16-17 year old children in the class of high spirometry values (CV, FEV1 and DEP). A correlation exists between maximum oxygen consumption, spirometry equations and anthropometric parameters during the growth of children playing football. Keywords: Training, children, football, spirometry, Congo (Brazzaville)
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- 2021
39. EVALUATION OF THE NITROGEN FRACTIONS IN MILK OF BUNAJI (WHITE FULANI) CATTLE IN A HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT
- Author
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J. A. Adeneye
- Subjects
Animal science ,chemistry ,biology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,White Fulani cattle ,biology.organism_classification ,Nitrogen ,Hot and humid - Abstract
One hundred milliliters of milk produced in the first 150 days of lactation of 24. Bunaji (White Fulani) cattle in Ibadan contained an average of 703, 659, 44, 557, 146, 21, 27 and 54 mg total nitrogen (TN), protein nitrogen (PN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), casein nitrogen (CN), non-casein nitrogen NCN), proteoses-peptone nitrogen (PPN), lactoglobulin nitrogen (LGN) and lactalbumin nitrogen (LAN) respectively. CN, NCN, PN, NPN, PPN, LGN and LAN accounted for 79.2, 20.8, 93.7, 63, 3.1, 3.9 and 7.6% of TN respectively. CN constituted 833% of PN while one-third of NCN consisted of P PN and LGN. The most abundant component of NCN was LAN which occurred twice as high as LGN. The influence of stage of lactation was significant (P < 0.05) on TN, more remarkable on PN and CN but not significant (P >005) on NCN, NPN, PPN, LGN and LAN, Only TN and CN were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated (r 0.989). The positive or negative relationships between the other nitrogen fractions were trivial.
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- 2021
40. The performance of outdoor plants in living walls under hot and humid conditions
- Author
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Sasima Charoenkit and Suthat Yiemwattana
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Plant growth ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,Plant density ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Herbaceous plant ,Carbon sequestration ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Plant ecology ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Tropical climate ,Environmental science ,Carbon ,Hot and humid ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The use of living walls has been increasing around the world due to their several benefits. However, studies of suitable plant species for living walls, particularly in extreme climates, are quite limited. This study examines the performance of 12 plant species used in two living wall systems: a felt-pocket and a planter in a tropical climate in Thailand. All plants were monitored across wet and cold seasons for plant height, visual quality, thermal performance, and carbon sequestration. The findings show variations in plant performances across the 12 plant species. Increases in plant growth were observed for all plants except for herbaceous and succulent plants, which were less tolerant to wet conditions. Smaller plant increments resulted in poorer thermal properties and less potential for carbon sequestration. The planter system had a higher amount of carbon contents than the felt-pocket system due to its higher plant density. Over 6 months, living wall systems sequestered carbon, with averages of 48.2 g C·m−2 for the felt-pocket system and 166.7 g C·m−2 for the planter system.
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- 2021
41. Investigating a single slope solar still with a nano-phase change material
- Author
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P. Manoj Kumar, S. Boomiha Raj, A.M. Anupradeepa, D. Sudarvizhi, S. Shanmathi, K. Sumithra, K.B. Prakash, and S. Surya
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solar still ,01 natural sciences ,Phase-change material ,Silica nanoparticles ,Fresh water ,0103 physical sciences ,Nano ,Passive solar building design ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Hot and humid - Abstract
The present paper investigates the performance of a conventional single slope passive solar still (CSS) under the influence of a paraffin based phase change material (PCM) and a nano-PCM (n-PCM) in terms of the fresh water production per day. To achieve this objective, three solar stills with the same dimensions were designed and fabricated. Among them, one still was left without any modification (CSS), another one was incorporated with paraffin as PCM (PCMSS), and third one was assimilated with an n-PCM (NPCMSS). Previously, the n-PCM was prepared by adding 0.5% mass of silica nanoparticles in paraffin. The experiments had steered on a hot and humid weather at Coimbatore, India during the month of April 2020. The results evidenced that the incorporation of PCM and n-PCM improved the fresh water production by 51.22% and 67.07%, respectively.
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- 2021
42. Feed intake and growth performance of different types of coloured chickens reared under intensive system in tropical humid climate
- Author
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J. Rath, B. Panigrahi, N. Panda, L.K. Babu, B.K. Mallik, and J. Bagh
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Feed consumption ,Live weight ,Biology ,Body weight ,Feed conversion ratio ,Hot and humid ,Humid climate - Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the feed consumption and performance of five coloured types of chickens reared under intensive system in the hot and humid climate conditions. The growth parameters like body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio of the coloured birds like Aseel, Dahlem Red, Kaveri, Kadaknath and Rhode Island Red were studied in the intensive conditions. Carcass characteristics, incidence of mortality and cost of production of different types of coloured chicken were measured. Kaveri showed the highest body weight gain and Kadaknath the lowest (P≤0.05) among the five types and the sequence found was: Kaveri>Dahlem Red>RIR>Assel and Kadaknath. Feed conversion ratio followed the order: Kadaknath/RIR/Dahlem Red> Aseel>Kaveri, the differences being significant (P≤0.05). The mortality rate was highest for Rhode Island Red (20%) followed by Dahlem Red (10%), Kaveri/Kadaknath (8%) and Aseel (2%). The dressing percentage was higher in Rhode Island Red, Kaveri and Dalhem Red than Assel and Kadaknath. Some other carcass parameters like back, thigh and drum stick yield percentage also differed significantly among the types of chicken. The cost of production per kg live weight or per kg dressed weight was the lowest for Kaveri and highest for Kadaknath. From the above experiment it was concluded that Kaveri excelled the other colored chicken type in respect to the body weight gain, feed efficiency followed by RIR, Dahlem Red and Aseel.
- Published
- 2021
43. Screening of Commercially Available Satsuma (Citrus unshiu and C. reticulata) Cultivars for Their Susceptibility to Citrus Canker Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
- Author
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Brett Laird, Churamani Khanal, Monique De Souza, Ansel Rankins, and Raghuwinder Singh
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Plant Science ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Horticulture ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Citrus unshiu ,03 medical and health sciences ,Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ,Citrus canker ,Cultivar ,Hot and humid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Citrus canker presents major challenges in citrus production worldwide. The disease spreads and develops rapidly under conducive environmental conditions, and Louisiana’s hot and humid weather provides highly favorable conditions for citrus canker development in both commercial and backyard citrus production. Despite being considered eradicated in late 1940s, citrus canker was reconfirmed in Louisiana in 2013. Citrus is the most popular fruit tree grown commercially and in backyards in Louisiana, and satsumas dominate with 63% of total citrus acreage. The results from an annual citrus cooperative agricultural pest survey from 2014 to 2016 revealed that satsumas are highly tolerant to citrus canker with only 2.5% disease incidence, but the survey lacked information on the types of satsuma cultivar. The main objective of this study was to screen commercially available satsuma cultivars including Brown’s Select, Louisiana Early, Miho, Owari, and St. Ann for their susceptibility to citrus canker under natural field disease inoculum conditions with a goal to provide citrus growers with alternate disease management tactics. The results showed that there were significant differences in disease severity (average number of lesions per leaf) among the satsuma cultivars. Of the five satsuma cultivars, Brown’s Select and Miho consistently showed less disease severity with delayed incidence. Additionally, both Brown’s Select and Miho exhibited significantly smaller lesion size, which could lower canker inoculum production for secondary infections. This work provides Louisiana growers with scientific field-based data to make sound decisions in selecting less-susceptible satsuma cultivars for future plantings to mitigate disease spread and development in the state.
- Published
- 2021
44. Recombinant FVIII Products (Turoctocog Alfa and Turoctocog Alfa Pegol) Stable Up to 40°C
- Author
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Hermann Eichler, Arne Agerlin Olsen, Anne Mette Nøhr, Mariasanta Napolitano, Napolitano, Mariasanta, Olsen, Arne Agerlin, Nøhr, Anne Mette, and Eichler, Hermann
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,turoctocog alfa pegol ,Hematology ,Turoctocog alfa ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Gastroenterology ,Journal of Blood Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,temperature stability ,factor VIII ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Ambient humidity ,Internal medicine ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Potency ,factor VIII, hemophilia A, storage flexibility, temperature stability, turoctocog alfa, turoctocog alfa pegol ,hemophilia A ,storage flexibility ,turoctocog alfa ,business ,Hot and humid ,Original Research - Abstract
Mariasanta Napolitano,1 Arne Agerlin Olsen,2 Anne Mette Nøhr,2 Hermann Eichler3 1Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo Reference Regional Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematology Unit, Palermo, Italy; 2Novo Nordisk A/S, Biopharm Manufacturing Development, Gentofte, Denmark; 3Saarland University and Saarland University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Haemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Homburg (Saar), GermanyCorrespondence: Anne Mette NøhrBiopharm Manufacturing Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Nybrovej 80, Gentofte 2820, DenmarkTel +45 3075 1619Email amnq@novonordisk.comPurpose: The stability under high-temperature conditions of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates for replacement therapy is of critical importance to patients, particularly those who reside in, or travel to, regions with high ambient temperatures. Concerns about product stability may limit or prevent access to treatment for patients and may limit their ability to live a close-to-normal life. This study evaluated the effect of hot and humid storage conditions on the long-term stability of the recombinant FVIII products, turoctocog alfa and turoctocog alfa pegol.Methods: Turoctocog alfa samples were assessed for stability at 30°C for 9 months or 40°C for 3 months following storage at 5°C for 21 or 27 months, respectively, while turoctocog alfa pegol samples were assessed at 30°C for 12 months or 40°C for 3 months following storage at 5°C for 18 or 27 months, respectively. In addition, turoctocog alfa and turoctocog alfa pegol dry powders were evaluated for stability at 5°C/ambient humidity (AH) for 30 months, 30°C/75% relative humidity (RH) for 12 months and 40°C/75% RH for 6 months. Both studies utilized a range of product strengths. Key stability assessments included oxidized forms, potency, water content and high molecular weight protein (HMWP).Results: Both turoctocog alfa and turoctocog alfa pegol remained stable following storage at 40°C/75% RH for 3 months, and at single temperatures (5°C/AH, 30 and 40°C/75% RH), without any major increase in HMWP or any impairment of potency or water content.Conclusion: Turoctocog alfa and turoctocog alfa pegol offer stability at 40°C for up to 3 months without jeopardizing the quality of each product. These stability characteristics may offer patients flexibility with product storage and daily use.Keywords: factor VIII, hemophilia A, storage flexibility, temperature stability, turoctocog alfa, turoctocog alfa pegol
- Published
- 2021
45. Development of solar powered air conditioner using flat plate collector
- Author
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Ayush Raj, J. P. Kesari, Shubham Kumar, and Ayush Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,Thermal comfort ,Economic shortage ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solar energy ,Electricity demand ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy ,Air conditioning ,0103 physical sciences ,Environmental science ,Solar powered ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Air conditioning systems that utilize solar energy are generally cost-effective when used to provide cooling requirements in commercial, home, and industrial buildings as well. The utilization of solar energy is the least compared to the various form of renewable energy sources. Air conditioning is required in hot and humid climates such as India to maintain thermal comfort in closed rooms. The widespread use of these air conditioning systems will significantly increase electricity demand during the summer. The country is facing major power supply problems due to power shortages. In this study, solar collector designed as per Delhi’s geological coordinates and 4 different times of hours i.e., 12, 14, 16 & 18 on 11 July of a year. From the numerical results, the flat plate collector in 12, 14, 16, & 18 h in a day on 11 June in Delhi, at 12 times of hours when the sun is at peak. From the temperature profiles, it is evident that the temperature on the absorber is very high and also efficiency. It was concluded that the efficiency and temperature of absorber at different 4 points of times in a day which helpful for researchers to design solar-powered air conditioner using a flat plate collector.
- Published
- 2021
46. Growth performance, well-being, and gut microbial population of broilers raised in cages and floor pens under the hot and humid tropical climate
- Author
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Elmutaz Atta Awad, Nurul Syafiqa Norsam, Zulkifli Idrus, and Muhammad Fahmi Silahuddin
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Population ,Gut flora ,SF1-1100 ,digestive system ,0403 veterinary science ,well-being ,Tropical climate ,education ,intestinal microflora ,broiler chickens ,education.field_of_study ,Leg weakness ,biology ,tropical climate ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,rearing system ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal culture ,body regions ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cage ,Hot and humid - Abstract
The study was carried out to compare the growth performance, gut microbiota, incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD), leg weakness, physiological, and immunological responses in broilers kept in cage (CS) and floor pen (FS) rearing systems under a tropical environment. One-day-old male Cobb 500 chicks were allocated to either three-tiered wire-floored battery cages or floor pens with wood shavings. The body weight on day 42 and feed intake from days 1 to 42 of caged chickens were lower than those of chickens reared in floor pens. However, the caged chickens had significantly better overall (days 1–42) feed conversion ratios than those on floor pens. The FS system was detrimental to the incidence of FPD. The FS birds showed higher and lower caecal counts of Escherichia coli and Salmonellae, respectively than the CS birds. The FS birds had longer durations of latency-to-lie than their caged counterparts, which suggested that the former had a lower incidence of leg weakness. Higher serum basal concentrations of corticosterone, ovotransferrin and ceruloplasmin were noted in the FS chickens compared to the CS group. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccinations was not affected by the rearing system. In conclusion, the cage rearing system appeared to benefit performance, the incidence of FPD, physiological response, fear reactions, and intestinal population of E. coli in broiler chickens under the hot and humid tropical conditions. However, raising broilers on floor pens improves body weight and leg strength, and reduces the caecal Salmonellae population compared to caged broilers.HIGHLIGHTS Caged broilers have better feed efficiency and lower caecal Escherichia coli population and incidence of food-pad dermatitis than those on floor pens. Raising broilers on floor pens improves body weight and leg strength, and reduces the caecal Salmonellae population compared to caged broilers. Broilers on floor pens are more physiologically distressed than their caged counterparts.
- Published
- 2021
47. Record of pineapple marbling disease in siang regions of Arunachal Pradesh
- Author
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Pushpendra Kumar, Gireesh Chand, and R. C. Shakywar
- Subjects
Crop ,Horticulture ,Disease management (agriculture) ,Acetobacter peroxydans ,Marbled meat ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,Tropics ,Pineapple (Fruit) ,Biology ,Ananas ,biology.organism_classification ,Hot and humid - Abstract
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most important fruit crop of NEH Region of India. Marbling disease is caused by the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter peroxydans Visser't Hooft and Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye. However, sporadically levels occur only in the lowland tropics and epidemic also occurring of the hot and humid. Infection by marbling bacteria occurs through the open flower. The pineapple fruit purchased from local market of Siang regions of Arunachal Pradesh. Marbling of pineapple is an asymptomatic disease in the field and is evidenced with a brownish coloration when the infected fruit is use to eat and processed. Although, maximum disease incidence (32.4%) recorded from East Siang in the month of August, the purpose of this record of marbling disease is aware to pineapple growers because there is no cost effective disease management method to cultivation of pineapple in Siang regions.
- Published
- 2021
48. Thermal comfort models of venue in hot and humid subtropical regions
- Author
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Xiaoli Ma, Qingyuan Zhang, and Xiaodan Huang
- Subjects
least square method ,hot-humid subtropical region ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,TJ1-1570 ,Thermal comfort ,Environmental science ,Subtropics ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,Atmospheric sciences ,thermal comfort model ,Hot and humid ,questionnaire survey method - Abstract
In order to improve the design effect of venues, this paper establishes the evaluation model of indoor thermal comfort for the humid and hot subtropical areas, which provides theoretical reference for venue design. This paper investigates the thermal sensation of basketball players by questionnaire, analyzes the relation-ship between thermal sensation vote and standard effective temperature, predicted mean vote, and wet bulb globe temperature, and develops an index called predicted thermal sensation by using the least square method. The relationship between outdoor air temperature and indoor working temperature under neutral conditions is obtained by measuring data. The results show that the correlation between thermal sensation vote and air temperature is the strongest, R2 is 0.753, while the relationship between thermal sensation vote and air speed is weak, R2 is 0.012. Thermal sensation vote and set, predicted mean vote and wet bulb globe temperature are not suitable for athletes in the field environment.
- Published
- 2021
49. Infestações por Rhabditis spp
- Author
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Helio Langoni, Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior, Carolina Magri Ferraz, Lauany Santos Almeida, Samilla Alves Sobral, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela, Aline del Carmen Garcia Lopes, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, Tiago Facury Moreira, and José Antônio Correia Lima
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Rhabditis ,Otitis ,Animal health ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Biology ,Milk production ,biology.organism_classification ,Hot and humid - Abstract
Os nematoides do gênero Rhabditis são responsáveis por causar a otite parasitária em bovinos leiteiros da raça Gir. Esta afecção parasitária tem sido relatada em vários países de clima quente e úmido. No Brasil, a rhabditiose tem sido descrita em diversas regiões, sendo responsável pela queda na produção de leite nos rebanhos afetados. Ao melhor do nosso conhecimento literário, a otite parasitária gera danos diretos na economia e sanidade animal, contudo, exististe uma certa discrepância no controle e terapêutica utilizados. O objetivo dessa revisão foi proporcionar a comunidade científica, técnicos e aos produtores rurais uma atualização do conhecimento da problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil e no mundo. O controle parasitário do Rhabditis spp., bem como a sua terapêutica ainda são considerados ineficazes, visto que as recidivas são comuns. Dessa forma, a problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil ainda carece de novos estudos, mas alguns protocolos alternativos experimentais recentes apontam sinergicamente para um “horizonte” mais produtivo no controle desta parasitose.
- Published
- 2020
50. Exploring membrane-assisted radiant cooling for designing comfortable naturally ventilated spaces in the tropics
- Author
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Forrest Meggers, Kian Wee Chen, Eric Teitelbaum, Adam Rysanek, and Jovan Pantelic
- Subjects
021105 building & construction ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Thermal comfort ,Environmental science ,Tropics ,Mechanical engineering ,021108 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Radiant cooling ,Mixed mode ,Hot and humid ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
This research proposes the use of membrane-assisted radiant panels to improve the thermal comfort of naturally ventilated spaces in hot and humid climates. These radiant panels are capable of condi...
- Published
- 2020
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