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Background and Objective: The exposures related to the department of radiology can be considered as harmful agent for human. This study was done to assess the partial distribution of the equivalent dose in radiology waiting room in Ardabil, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done in the radiology department and related waiting rooms of 4 teaching hospital and 3 private radiology sonography centers in Ardabil, Northwest of Iran, during 2011. The variables including type of radiography, the number and condition, staying duration in waiting room were considered for dosimetry. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 and Chi-Square test. Results: The lowest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiology sonography center with 0.2±0.002 µS.h-1V, but for each radiography were determined to be 0.00275±0.004 µS.h-1V. The highest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiography sonography center with 0.4±0.045 µS.h-1V and for each radiography was 0.016±0.0006 µS.h-1V. Two teaching hospitals accompanied with three privates centers showed to have radiation dose-rate higher than 0.3 µS.h-1V (P

Background and Objective: Lead threaten living creature’s life as air pollutant and causes several diseases such as degenerative disease of nervous system. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Curcumin on BDNF changes and oxidative/antioxidative process in rat’s hippocampus which exposed to Lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of ten: Base, Sham(control), lead and Curcumin+Lead. lead and Curcumin+Lead groups received 20 mg/kg lead acetate and Curcumin+Lead group also received 30 mg/kg Curcumin, peritoneally for 8 weeks (3 days in weeks). MDA (oxidative stress biomarker) and TAC (total antioxidative capacity) levels were measured by TBARS and FRAP methods, respectively, and hippocampus BDNF level was measured by ELISA method in rat hippocampus region. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Tukey at P

Objective (s): To assess the quality care services for 0 to 6 years children in Urban Health Centers of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2001-2b02. Methods: This was a cross - sectional research with aim of determining the quality of O to 6 years children care services provided by the personnel of urban health centers, affiliated to University of Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences. In this research 49 personnel of urban health centers of Shemiranat, North and East of District Health Centers affiliated to University of Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences were selected through a multiple stage sampling. Type of services provided for 490 children were observed and recorded. Results: The age of personnel was 32.3±7.9, and 71 % were married. The academic degree of 63% of the personnel was bachelor degree, and 37 % had an associate degree. 82% of personnel were midwifery graduated and 18% family health, and 71 % had passed in-service education. The quality of growth assessment services provided, was good by 59 % of staff and 41 % were in medium range. The quality of measuring weight for less than two and 2-4 years children was good by 67 % and 85 % of the staff respectively. The quality of measuring height was good by 74 % of the staff for. less than two years children and was 67 % in medium range for 2 to 4 years children. The quality of measuring the head was good in the all of the staff (l00%) in less than two years children. The quality of parentschr('39') growth assessment education in less than two and 2-4 years children was in medium range (59 % and 70 % of the staff). Conclusion: The findings showed poor quality of services provided for this age group.

Background: Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are raised in extremely strict ecological conditions of deserts. Camels are vulnerable to many zoonotic infections. There are limited data on the occurrence of Q fever and borreliosis in camels, in Iran. Aims: The current study was focused on the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii and Borrelia spp. infection in the blood samples of Iranian camels using molecular assays. Effect of the presence of these infections on various hematological factors and some acutephase proteins (Hp, a1AGP, SAA) were also investigated. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 113 clinically healthy camels to investigate the presence of the infections using nested PCR. Moreover, the sequence of positive samples was analyzed phylogenetically. Routine haematological tests were performed and the concentrations of acute-phase proteins were measured in serum using enzyme immunoassay. Results: PCR result showed that 6.19% (95% CI: 2.53-12.35%) (7/113) of camels were positive for C. burnetii. In addition, sequencing results of the corresponding gene of the outer membrane protein (com1) revealed two different genotypes of C. burnetii agent in camels from Southern Iran. In the PCR assay, Borrelia spp. DNA was not detected in the samples. No significant difference was observed in hematological parameters or acute-phase proteins between positive and negative Q fever camels except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and red cell distribution width (RDW). Conclusion: Clinically healthy camels might be very important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Q fever is not considered a notifiable disease in camels of Iran, and clinical cases may scarcely be recognized by the healthcare system. Due to a lack of adequate information, additional studies on the molecular epidemiology and clinical pathology aspects of C. burnetii infection in Iran are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the genomics aspect of curve variable allows for the combination of genomic regions of such model-based variables from multiple measurements into a few biologically meaningful variables. With this motivation, the aim of the current study was a model-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection for growth curve variables in Ghezel fat-tailed sheep. We tested the following items during research: 1) Determining the best nonlinear growth models using six nonlinear equations (Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards, Weibull and Brody) according to 24905 obtained data sets collected from the Ghezel Sheep Breeding Center, Iran, during the 1994-2013 period; 2) Conducted partial genome scan to identify significant QTl controlling best growth model parameters in Ghezel sheep using three half-sib families (Family size=25-50) and 8 microsatellite markers distributed on ovine chromosome 1. In addition, QTL effects for two paternal half-sibs using two models, individual families and across families were calculated. Molecular data were analyzed using SAS and GridQTL programs. Observed results demonstrated the Brody model was the best growth model for growth data according to the lower values of RMSE, AIC and BIC and generally greater values of R² adj than other models. Thus, Brody model parameters (A, B, and C) were subjected to further QTL analysis. Also, our observation identified one significant QTL between the markers INRA11-CSSM004 associated with Brody model A variable (maturity) located in 123 CM in chromosome 1 (P<0.01). Analyses using more families and advance massive genotyping tools will be useful to confirm or to reject these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three Bacillus probiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium, and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) gene expression in the co‐culture of the Bacillus and the pathogen in vitro. Methods and Results: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus indicus and Bacillus coagulans were initially turned to spore and heat‐inactivated forms. The cellular damages of the probiotics on the HT‐29 cells were investigated individually and in combination with S. Typhimurium using 3‐(4,5 dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorescence assays. To extract cell free supernatants (CFS) of the probiotics, they were cultured in selective media. The inhibitory activity of CFSs were then assayed against the pathogen. The gene expression of IL‐8 of the HT‐29 cells was evaluated by real‐time PCR in all the groups. The results showed that the CFSs of three probiotics could inhibit the growth of S. Typhimurium by more than 50%. Inhibitory effects of B. indicus and B. subtilis CFSs were related to the production of pepsin‐sensitive compounds, except B. coagulans in which the high inhibitory effect was due to organic acids. The spores of the three probiotics and the heat‐inactivated forms of B. subtilis and B. coagulans could reduce the cytotoxicity of S. Typhimurium. The cell viability also increased applying both forms probiotics against the pathogen. In all co‐culture groups, the IL‐8 gene expression induced by S. Typhimurium was reduced. Conclusions: The three Bacillus probiotics can be considered as proper candidates for the prevention and treatment of S. Typhimurium food poisoning. Significance and Impact of the Study: Applying probiotics as live bacteria is universally noted in foods. This study tried to discover the effects of Bacillus probiotics in the form of spore or even heat‐killed bacteria against S. Typhimurium and evaluate ratio of IL‐8 gene expression in cell culture. The most effective Bacillus probiotic will be recommended. This approach will help to use probiotics as nonvegetative cells in foods to fight gastrointestinal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The quality of shrimp, as high perishable seafood, can readily be effected by microbial, chemical, and physical alterations during storage. Aims: In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating either alone or incorporated with variable levels of clove oil nanoemulsion (CNE) (10, 20, and 30 mg/ml) was developed to sustain the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage. Methods: Changes in microbial, chemical, textural, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory parameters of the studied groups evaluated through distinct experimental approaches. Results: Based on our results, the pattern of increase in the aerobic plate count (APC) and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) in different groups were reported as the following order: CMC + CNE < CMC < control. Also, CMC and CNE integration decreased the upward trend of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to that of the control group during storage at 4°C for 10 days (P<0.05). During the storage period, the decrease of the L* value in the control group was greater than the others; whereas, the lowest a* and b* values were observed in this group (P<0.05). Besides, the textural and sensory properties of coated shrimp were significantly more acceptable (P<0.05). Conclusion: Integration of CNE in CMC coating promisingly improves the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics may improve milk quality and the general health status of animals. Aims: The effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans PRM101 on milk components, milk fatty acids (FA), and some health indicators of dairy cows were investigated. Methods: The probiotic was added to the feed of 12 Holstein cows (2 g/cow: 2 × 1011 CFU/cow) for 63 days compared to a control group fed on the basal ration (n=11). Milk and blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, 42, and 63. Results: The yields of milk and energy corrected milk (ECM; computed from milk weight and its fat and protein content) decreased linearly and similarly (P=0.60) in both groups. The treatment cows, however, showed quadratic increases in the weights of milk (P=0.03) and ECM (P=0.04) at d42 of the study. Energy corrected milk (d42, P<0.05) and crude protein content of milk (d42, P<0.05; d63, P<0.1) were higher in the cows receiving the probiotic. The proportions of heptadecanoic (C17:0; P=0.002) and linoleic (C18:2; P=0.077) acids in milk fat (g/100 g fat) were higher in the treatment cows on d63. Milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and similarly, amyloid A (AA) and haptoglobin (Hp) of milk and blood were not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and MDA were negatively correlated in the control group (r=-0.669, P=0.005). Heptadecanoic acid correlated negatively with milk MDA (r=-0.611, P=0.035) and positively (r=0.591, P=0.043) with serum Hp in the treatment cows. Conclusion: Dietary B. coagulans PRM101 may improve the proportions of C17:0 and C18:2 FA in milk. Some improvements in milk protein and the health status of the cows may also be anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases which can attenuate brain function by destroying hippocampus neurons, while reelin is a largely secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein in the hippocampus causing synaptic plasticity, promoting postsynaptic structures and maturing neurons. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise, as an external factor for neurogenesis in the brain, on reelin levels and memory improvement in diabetic rats. METHOD: Thirty rats were randomly allocated into three groups; healthy sedentary, diabetic sedentary and diabetic exercise-trained. The experimental group was treadmill-exercised at speed 22 m/min for 1 hour, 5 days per week. Finally, spatial memory of rats was tested and reelin levels were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that short-term exercise improved spatial memory in diabetic rats but had no effect on reelin levels in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: Diabetes reduced the spatial memory without altering the reelin levels while exercise improved spatial memory without altering the reelin levels (Fig. 4, Ref. 33). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]