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Introduction: One of the worrisome complications of hip arthroplasty is surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SSI after hip arthroplasty. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic exploration was conducted across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, alongside Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search strategy entailed the utilization of Medical Subject Headings-derived keywords such as "Prevalence," "Surgical wound infection," "Surgical site infection," and "Arthroplasty," spanning from the earliest records up to January 1, 2024. Each study’s weight was assigned based on its inverse variance. A forest plot visualization was used to assess the studies’ heterogeneity. Data on sample size and SSI frequency were compiled for each study to calculate the overall effect size. Results: The study encompassed a cumulative participant cohort of 1,070,638 hip arthroplasty procedures drawn from seventeen selected studies. Notably, the female gender constituted 59.10% of the overall participant demographic. The aggregate SSI among patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was estimated to be 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3% to 2.8%; I2=99.688%; P

Introduction: Breast cancer is a severe life-threatening condition in which many women are involved yearly. One factor that has recently been noticed and investigated as a diagnostic predictor of this type of cancer is the number of tumor buds and the relation of this factor with a patient’s survival rate. Materials and methods: This study includes 150 female patients over 18 years old with a mean age of 53.99 ± 12.56 years old with breast cancer, which was diagnosed at various medical centers, including Rouhani Hospital itself, and referred to Rouhani Hospital Medical Center, Babol, Iran. The number of intratumoral and peritumoral buds in patients’ microscopic slides were archived and evaluated along with tumor microenvironment on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides and compared to other clinicopathological findings. This article precisely investigated the relationship between the number of intratumoral and peritumoral buds with patients’ 5-year survival rate. Also, the relationship between age, tumor stage, grade, size, the number of lymph nodes involved, and the presence of metastasis with the number of intratumoral and peritumoral buds was studied. Results and discussion: The result showed a significant statistical association between the number of intratumoral and peritumoral buds with tumor size, tumor stage, presence of metastasis, the number of lymph nodes involved, and 5-year survival rate. On the other hand, there is not a significant statistical association between the number of intratumoral and peritumoral buds with age and tumor grade. Conclusion: Our investigation revealed a significant statistical relationship between the number of tumor buds and patients’ survival rate. So, this factor should be considered significant to help those patients increase their survival ratio.

Breast carcinosarcoma, also known as metaplastic breast cancer, is one of the rarest types of breast cancer. It is an aggressive and poor prognostic breast cancer compared to triple-negative breast cancer. Due to the lack of specific and prescribed treatment, it could threaten patients’ lives, especially women worldwide. There are various diagnostic methods, such as multiple imaging and pathology methods, to diagnose breast cancers. Still, considering the common appearance characteristic of this type of breast cancer with other types, histopathology is the most definitive way. There is no standard neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for this rare type of breast cancer. In this article, we reported the case of a 62-year-old female with a final diagnosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma and her surgical and medical treatment method.

Acute abdomen is a life-threatening condition caused by various conditions such as perforated peptic ulcer and acute appendicitis. This critical illness usually requires urgent investigations and treatment. The main diagnostic methods for acute pancreatitis are clinical and paraclinical examination, and for perforated peptic ulcer clinical and imaging diagnosis (abdominal X-ray and endoscopy). These two critical conditions can be encountered simultaneously, making it difficult to diagnose and treat acute abdomen as soon as possible. Therefore, it is essential to consider these two conditions both individually and simultaneously in a patient with acute abdomen symptoms. This article presents an elderly man with diagnostically confirmed symptoms of association between perforated peptic ulcer and acute pancreatitis.

Bilateral femoral and inguinal hernias are a rare co-occurrence related to abdominal wall pathology, and can lead to various complications such as incarceration, strangulation and high postoperative recurrence. This article presents a patient who complained of bilateral pain and pseudotumoral formations of the inguinal areas, being diagnosed during surgical intervention with bilateral femoral hernias in association with bilateral (direct and indirect) inguinal hernias. Generally, the laparoscopic method is reported to have several advantages, such as less postoperative pain, fewer postoperative infections, and rapid return to daily activities. In the presented case, the surgical team performed an open/Lichtenstein operation, due to the patient's age, shorter operating time, lower likelihood of recurrence and postoperative complications, as well as low cost. Considering the significant morbidity/mortality rates of multiple and complicated hernias, it is necessary that an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment be instituted as early as possible.

Colonic volvulus is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction. It could occur in different parts of the colon. The sigmoid is the most common part, but it rarely occurs in the transverse colon because of the colon’s anatomical features. So, simultaneous sigmoid and transverse colon volvulus is a rare phenomenon that could endanger patients’ lives due to its rarity, ischemia, necrosis of the colon wall, and the lack of a definite algorithm to approach this disease. So, it is essential to consider this disease as one of the most important differential diagnoses in patients with abdominal pain and distention. In this article, a 45-year-old male presented to the surgical ward with severe prolonged abdominal pain, diagnosed with simultaneous sigmoid and transverse colon volvulus during laparotomy.

Appendiceal diverticulitis is a very infrequent cause of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdominal area. To have good management, it is essential to understand its clinical evolution, whether it is symptomatic or discovered incidentally during an appendectomy or barium enema. So far, few cases of appendiceal diverticulitis in different people have been reported. It is important in this case to avoid misdiagnosis in the form of another disease, especially acute appendicitis and/or possible complications. In this report we present the case of a 45-year-old man who came to the emergency room with symptoms of acute appendicitis. CT scan showed suspicious mass-like tissue in the appendiceal region, while pathological examination showed inflammation with no malignancy. An open appendicectomy was performed in this patient and appendicular diverticulitis was established as the final diagnosis.

Background. Thoracic empyema is an inflammatory condition of the pleura that can cause many complications and can even threaten people's lives. So, choosing the right treatment method from all available methods can improve the prognosis, reduce costs and post-treatment complications, thus improving the health of patients after the disease. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy are the most commonly used surgical methods. In this study, these two surgical methods have been investigated, in terms of duration of hospitalization, postoperative pain level and the possibility of air leakage (as postoperative complications). Methodology. Patients with thoracic empyema stage II referred (between 2011 and 2020) to the Poursina and Razi Hospital Medical Center, Rasht, Iran were included in a retrospective cohort study. SPSS software and other statistical tests such as the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered an acceptable value. Results. The investigation on different qualitative and quantitative factors and complications after surgery showed that patients who underwent a VATS procedure had a shorter hospital stay (5.09±1.67 vs. 7.61±2.03), had a lower pain level (4.81±2.22 vs. 8.24±2.39), and the possibility of air leakage as a postoperative complication (41% vs. 56%) was lower than in the case patients who have undergone open thoracotomy. Conclusions. It can be concluded that choosing the VATS method instead of the open thoracotomy can reduce postoperative complications (such as length of hospital stay, pain level and possibility of air leakage) and can reduce the costs of treatment and the degree of health system use, especially during Covid-19 pandemic.

Mature ovarian cystic teratoma, also known as the dermoid cyst, is one of the most common benign ovarian neoplasms that can occur in different age groups and could appear in various sizes. Diagnosing this problem as soon as possible is essential due to complications that can coincide, such as torsion, rupture, internal hemorrhage and malignant transformation. In this article, we reported a 66-year-old female patient with a single huge mature ovarian cyst teratoma who presented to the surgical ward with abdominal pain and swelling but did not see any doctor during that period and disregarded her problems for 4 years.

The most common type of cancer among the female population is breast cancer. The most common site for the occurrence of breast cancer is the upper outer quadrant; the upper inner quadrant is the second site, and both the lower outer and the lower inner quadrants are in the third place. This problem is rarely seen in the central portion. Intermammary metastasis due to breast cancer is an infrequent finding. This article presents a 62-year-old lady who presented to the surgical ward with intermammary swelling that appeared suddenly 3 months ago. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic micro-lobulated mass with internal vascularity on the chest wall. Although core needle biopsy suspected invasive ductal carcinoma, both right and left axillary lymph nodes were normal and free. The patient was consulted by an oncologist who recommended radiotherapy before surgery and chemotherapy before and after surgery. This study aims to report and discuss a rare case of intermammary cancer with the origin of breast cells without breast and axillary lymph node involvement. Although the intermammary region is an extremely rare location where breast cancer could occur, its management strategy is the same as other breast cancers.

Abstract Detecting humidity have been remained a continuing concern within some important areas such as structural health, food processing, industrial as well as agricultural products. In this study, a novel humidity optical sensor is introduced based on the thermionic emission of tungsten filament using the fluorescent lamp set-up. Estimated blue compliant using a charged coupling device camera in optical image of the tungsten filament was confirmed as an appropriate detection system for relative humidity (RH) sensing. The fabricated optical sensor has wide linear range (2.0–98% RH), improved detection limit ( 99.0% RH), improved percentage of relative standard deviation (4.18%, n = 2), adequate hysteresis (

The extraordinary claim of observing nuclear fusion products and excess heat during heavy water electrolysis at room temperature was sensationalized in 1989. Unfortunately, it was rejected quickly by scientific communities. At the last attempt to access the accuracy of the previous works in this field, a Google-funded team tried to examine all reported works with their corresponding conditions to confirm the claimed results. Finally, they found that there was no reasonable proof of nuclear fusion reactions under the reported conditions. Here, we introduced a method to apply a unique triggering potential waveform to a simple two micro-shaft system in both heavy and light concentrated salinity waters which resulted in detecting 4-helium, gamma rays, and heat repeatedly and reproducibly. In this work, two types of nuclear fusion reactions were observed: 1) A D + D fusion reaction in potassium halide salt solutions in heavy water and 2) a new type of fusion reaction in carbon-containing salt solutions in both light and heavy waters. In the latter type, it was proved that the existence of carbon atoms in an anion structure is critical to observe the 4-helium, gamma rays, and heat.

Abstract Appendiceal diverticulitis is an infrequent disease that can mimic other diseases’ symptoms or cause different symptoms because of its various complications. However, one of the most frequent complications of this disease is a perforation that can lead to other serious problems such as peritonitis. This complication can threaten a patient's health condition. In this article, a male patient presented with abdominal pain and was admitted to the surgical ward with suspicion of a perforated peptic ulcer. However, more investigation showed a simultaneous occurrence of peptic ulcer and perforated appendiceal diverticulitis that cause peritonitis symptoms.

Abstract Incomplete obliteration of urachus during the fetal period can lead to urachal abnormalities. One of these abnormalities is the urachal sinus that can be asymptomatic, or it can be symptomatic by becoming infected or being malignant, and it can mimic other diseases' symptoms. Although it is rare in adults, it should be considered a significant differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain or umbilical discharge. This article presents a young patient with urachal sinus mimicking umbilical pilonidal sinus symptoms.

Abstract Nanofiltration is one of the widely used robust methods in water sweetening throughout the world. This work highlights the comparison of the impact of independent and non-independent parameters on element rejection to treat groundwater of a region located in Qazvin province, Iran. A pilot-scale FILMTEC-NF90-4040 nanofilter membrane was applied. Samples were collected from three various wells and the volume of 50 cc was tested, each of which was tested three times, and then cations and anions were measured in raw water and treated water by ion chromatography. The data collection and operation of the system was performed by the 761 compact IC version 1.1 software where statistical analyses were performed with SPSS, version 19. Results showed that the degradation efficiency of divalent ions was greater than that of monovalent cations. The content of ion rejection in the nanofilter membrane was not an independent phenomenon. For instance, the results revealed that the presence of high magnesium ion is very effective in disposing sodium ion. At the same time, the rejection rate of ions does not always follow the Van’t Hoff series. Optimal pressure was determined to be 10 bar.

Two reef-building red algae of the family Solenoporaceae – Solenopora rectangulata n. sp. and Parachaetetes dizluensis n. sp. – are described from a ?Norian-Rhaetian section of the Nayband Formation exposed south of the town of Bagherabad, northeast of Esfahan, central Iran. These algae build reef structures or patches up to 17 m thick, either on their own or in association with other reef-building organisms including sponges, corals, etc. Such solenoporacean reef structures have not been described before, either from Iran or elsewhere in the world. Morphologically, both algae are easily distinguished by the different sizes of their thalli and particularly by their branching pattern.

The most prominent feature of sheet material forming process is an elastic recovery phenomenon during unloading which leads to springback. Therefore, evaluation of springback is mandatory for production of precise products. In this paper, the effects of temperature, friction coefficient, blank-holder force and sheet thickness on the springback of AL5083-H111 alloy sheet in warm U-bending conditions were investigated by performing experimental tests and numerical method. ABAQUS FEA software was used for numerical simulation. Finally, comparison of experimental and numerical results showed good agreement.

Abstract Background Considering the fact that COVID-19 has undergone various changes over time, its symptoms have also varied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the changes in personal characteristics, symptoms, and underlying conditions of individuals infected with different strains of COVID-19. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 46,747 patients who underwent PCR testing during a two-year period from February 22, 2020 to February 23, 2022, in South Khorasan province, Iran. Patient characteristics and symptoms were extracted based on self-report and the information system. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches. The R software was used for analysis and a significance level of 0.05 was considered for the tests. Results Among the 46,747 cases analyzed, 23,239 (49.7%) were male, and the mean age was 51.48 ± 21.41 years. There was a significant difference in symptoms among different variants of the disease (p

In this Paper, The online optimal integrated guidance and control algorithm design has been provided for two-stages Launch Vehicle .The flight equations are nonlinear and has been derived in flight plane. In order to solve it based on numerical solution and shooting method logic by the combination between ODE - start to end solver algorithm by considering initial conditions for integrated states and co-states - and optimization fmincon SQP algorithm has been acted. In order to verify designing method the results of this algorithm solutions has been compared with the results of a valid separated guidance and control algorithm for launch vehicle. The result function involves minimum control effort, terminal terms and minimizing burning time. The results indicate the satisfaction of three mentioned identities achieving high accurate orbital insertion and more coordination between the operation of guidance and control algorithms in integrated logic comparing with separated ones.