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Multi-label text classification is a critical challenge in natural language processing, where the goal is to assign multiple labels to a given document. Recent advances have primarily focused on deep learning approaches, yet many fail to adequately capture the intricate relationships between documents and labels. In this paper, we propose a novel method called MultiCGCN, in which we leverage Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) for multi-label text classification by modeling text as a heterogeneous graph. This unified graph incorporates document similarities, label relationships, and document-label associations, enabling the model to effectively capture both document and label dependencies. We transform the multi-label classification problem into a link prediction task, using Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for document similarity and applying GCNs to predict label assignments. Our empirical evaluations demonstrate that MultiCGCN achieves a significant performance boost, improving F1 score by 10% over traditional baseline models. This approach opens new avenues for enhancing the accuracy of multi-label classification in various domains.

The Internet has become an integral societal component, with its accessibility being imperative. However, malicious actors strive to disrupt internet services and exploit service providers. Countering such challenges necessitates robust methods for identifying network attacks. Yet, prevailing approaches often grapple with compromised precision and limited interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a pioneering solution named ENIXMA, which harnesses a fusion of machine learning classifiers to enhance attack identification. We validate ENIXMA using the CICDDoS2019 dataset. Our approach achieves a remarkable 90% increase in attack detection precision on the balanced CICDDoS2019 dataset, signifying a substantial advancement compared to antecedent methodologies that registered a mere 3% precision gain. We employ diverse preprocessing and normalization techniques, including z-score, to refine the data. To surmount interpretability challenges, ENIXMA employs SHAP, LIME, and decision tree methods to pinpoint pivotal features in attack detection. Additionally, we scrutinize pivotal scenarios within the decision tree. Notably, ENIXMA not only attains elevated precision and interpretability but also showcases expedited performance in contrast to prior techniques.

Krauss believes in the spontaneous creation of the world from nothing, and considers the beginning of the world from a Big Bang that is constantly expanding; means infinity of time and space. Therefore, the succession is possible in his opinion. Therefore, he objects to the claim of theologians who prove the first cause by the rule of "succession" and says that if we consider a supernatural being that is outside the system of nature, it leads to the fact that we must put one prior and the other latter, because the series of causes must end somewhere. Therefore, he believes in the succession within nature. The present study criticizes Krauss's thought based on Allameh's thought with descriptive method. Allameh believes that this whole world is a personal unit like the human body with all its parts and composed of series of causes and effects that require a cause on top of each other. By combining the two proofs of occurrence, necessity and possibility, he has presented a distinctive proof and claims that the universe is constantly occurrence due to the intrinsic movement, and because it is a total external existence, as a unit of occurrence, it needs a cause, and if someone denies the intrinsic movement of the universe, its inherent possibility is undeniable, because the universe has quiddity, and the necessity of quiddity is the inherent possibility; therefore, every possibility needs a cause. Consequently, this universe requires a first cause, which is proved through the rule of succession.

Fraud in financial data is a significant concern for both businesses and individuals. Credit card transactions involve numerous features, some of which may lack relevance for classifiers and could lead to overfitting. A pivotal step in the fraud detection process is feature selection, which profoundly impacts model accuracy and execution time. In this paper, we introduce an ensemble-based, explainable feature selection framework founded on SHAP and LIME algorithms, called "X-SHAoLIM". We applied our framework to diverse combinations of the best models from previous studies, conducting both quantitative and qualitative comparisons with other feature selection methods. The quantitative evaluation of the "X-SHAoLIM" framework across various model combinations revealed consistent accuracy improvements on average, including increases in Precision (+5.6), Recall (+1.5), F1-Score (+3.5), and AUC-PR (+6.75). Beyond enhanced accuracy, our proposed framework, leveraging explainable algorithms like SHAP and LIME, provides a deeper understanding of features' importance in model predictions, delivering effective explanations to system users.

The search for effective treatments for complex diseases, while minimizing toxicity and side effects, has become crucial. However, identifying synergistic combinations of drugs is often a time-consuming and expensive process, relying on trial and error due to the vast search space involved. Addressing this issue, we present a deep learning framework in this study. Our framework utilizes a diverse set of features, including chemical structure, biomedical literature embedding, and biological network interaction data, to predict potential synergistic combinations. Additionally, we employ autoencoders and principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction in sparse data. Through 10-fold cross-validation, we achieved an impressive 98 percent area under the curve (AUC), surpassing the performance of seven previous state-of-the-art approaches by an average of 8%.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effects of varying levels of choline chloride on the microbial flora of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. A total of 750 fish were fed with diets containing 0 (control), 250 (Cho250), 500 (Cho500), 1000 (Cho1000), and 2000 (Cho2000) mg of choline chloride per kg of feed for 90 days. The required feed was obtained from the 21 Bayza Company. The amount of microbial flora and final weight was significantly higher in the Cho1000 and Cho2000 than in the control group. The addition of choline to the diet effectively improved the microbial flora. The most suitable amount of choline chloride was between 1000 and 2000 mg/kg in the diet of rainbow trout.

Graph representation of data can better define relationships among data components and thus provide better and richer analysis. So far, movies have been represented in graphs many times using different features for clustering, genre prediction, and even for use in recommender systems. In constructing movie graphs, little attention has been paid to their textual features such as subtitles, while they contain the entire content of the movie and there is a lot of hidden information in them. So, in this paper, we propose a method called MoGaL to construct movie graph using LDA on subtitles. In this method, each node is a movie and each edge represents the novel relationship discovered by MoGaL among two associated movies. First, we extracted the important topics of the movies using LDA on their subtitles. Then, we visualized the relationship between the movies in a graph, using the cosine similarity. Finally, we evaluated the proposed method with respect to measures genre homophily and genre entropy. MoGaL succeeded to outperforms the baseline method significantly in these measures. Accordingly, our empirical results indicate that movie subtitles could be considered a rich source of informative information for various movie analysis tasks.

Introduction: Non-native species are one of the important threats to biodiversity. Some non-native fish species pose environmental impacts and are known as invasive species. Rivers of the southern Caspian Sea are home to a vast variety of native or commercial fish species. Non-native species invasiveness risk assessment tools are used to identify the species with high invasive potential risks and are used as a decision–making tool. The main aim of this study is to calibrate and validate the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) for non-native fish species of rivers in the southern Caspian Sea basin.Material and methods: AS-ISK was used to assess non-native (NN) fish that may pose a high potential risk of becoming invasive in rivers of the South Caspian Sea. Fifteen NN fish species were assessed, 14 of which are extant and 1 is horizon species in the risk assessment (RA) area. The statistical methods were used to compare the scores obtained by each assessor. The threshold score was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Also, the Köppen-Geiger climate system was used to match the climate between the native range of NN fish species and the risk assessment area.Results and discussion: Risk assessment of NN fish species led to the identification of 73 % of the species as potential invasive species in the RA area. Carassius gibelio and Carassius auratus achieved the highest risk score and Anguilla anguilla obtained the lowest risk score among all NN fish species. There was not a statistically significant difference between assessor-specific mean risk scores. Threshold scores were 9.5 and 11.5 for AS-ISK and Basic Risk Assessment (BRA), respectively. The area under curve was 100%, which shows an excellent output for the efficiency of the AS-ISK in the RA area. Eleven out of the 15 NN fish species were identified as potential invasive species and the rest as non-invasive NN species in the RA area. Confidence factors were different from 73% to 64%. All NN fish species were categorized in three lists i.e., black, grey and white in regard to their risk ranks in order to manage prioritization.Conclusion: The AS-ISK efficiently identified NN fish species that pose a high risk of being/becoming invasive in rivers in the south Caspian Sea to prioritize them based on their risk rank and to support conservation managers, decision-makers and policymakers in the aquaculture development plans.

Gashtrudkhan River is located in the western drainage basin of Guilan Province. Monthly sampling of macroinvertebrates was carried out in five stations by using a surber sampler with Dimensions of 30.5 cm ×30.5 cm and 360 micron mesh size for eight months in different seasons from autumn 2019 to spring 2020. Moreover, some physicochemical parameters of water, i.e., pH, EC, TDS, DO, temperature and salinity were measured, so that these parameters showed significant differences in different seasons. In addition, diversity indices (Simpson and Shannon), species richness, EPT, EPT/Chir, biological indices (Hilsenhoff and BMWP) and the WQI index were studied and calculated. During the sampling period, a total of 1017 macroinvertebrates were isolated and identified from different stations, belonging to one Phylum, one Kingdom, four orders, 19 families and 22 genera in this river. EPT and EPT/CHIR indices were the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. Also, the highest and lowest values of Shannon's diversity and species richness indices were observed in autumn and spring, respectively. The water quality status in the studied period was classified as good to excellent based on the Hilsenhof biological index. Furthermore, the water quality status was evaluated based on the BMWP and WQI indicators as clean and average, respectively. According to the investigated area in Gashtroudkhan River, located in a forest area with gravel and stone beds, no significant differences were observed in many of the studied indicators.

This article focuses on how Shaygan and Dr. Talaee manage their rapport orientations in three interactional goals in Monji based on Spencer-Oatey’s model (2008), consisted of three interrelated elements (face sensitivities, interactional wants and behavioral expectations). Threatening or supporting each of which leads to rapport enhancement, maintenance, neglect and challenge. It is hypothesized getting involved in a transactional goal is a threat to rapport and insistence on getting one’s goals achieved further imbalances rapport and orients it toward neglect and challenge; it may lead to unpleasant consequences. The research intends to answer (1) how Shaygan and Talaee manage their rapport in their transactional interactions? (2) How are the interactional goals settled in the end for the two characters? The findings show both characters threaten each other’s sociality rights and sometimes attack each other’s face and set their rapport toward challenge. Left bereft of his identity and sociality rights, felt tenser when he himself attacked them, Shaygan committed suicide. Analysis of face and rapport management among people who are in contact with each other in long-term relationships and how face unfolds under those conditions in pragmatics is a road less traveled by and this research is a step in this path.

Abstract Brain damages and aphasia resulting from them are very common and their early detection is vital. Description of aphasic patients’ language and speech abilities can lead to the disorder diagnosis, its evaluation, and screening. By making use of a descriptive-analytic method, the present research intended to determine the language disorders caused by brain damages and show how the structural differences of languages affect aphasia symptoms among the patients at the speech therapy centers of Tehran. The control group included 10 safe and sound people, who were thoroughly the same as the case group composed of 7 patients in terms of age, education, and language. The tests included an oral and a written test. The studied people had to describe some pictures in the oral test and were supposed to unscramble some sentences in the written test. The findings indicated that the control group used agent-theme orders for describing the pictures without regarding animacy, while animacy was an effective factor on the order of noun phrases in the sentences and led to pre-posing of the themes in some cases. Additionally, it seemed that in patients with brain damages, animacy concept was an effective factor on the order of noun phrases in the sentences. Keywords: Brain Damage, Aphasia, Thematic Role, Animacy, Word Order Introduction Investigating languages of people with aphasic disorder by linguists leads scientists towards understanding how language is afflicted with disorder and at the same time the linguists can deal with theoretical issues based on the objective data. Some disorders are universal as they are found in almost all aphasic people, but some are language-specific. Some of these differences are related to the structures of a specific language and the amount of pressure the mind has to tolerate. The more complex the structure is, the more vulnerable they will be and the faster they will perish, hence being more enticing for linguists. The present research aimed at describing some structural disorders among the Persian speakers, who were afflicted with aphasia, so as to see how the structural features of Persian language could affect the outcome of these people. To this goal, word order, which is different in Persian and English, was chosen to see how the different structures of different languages affect aphasia. In addition, the relationship between the degree of complexity of a language and its vulnerability was found out besides surveying the effects of animacy and thematic role. It was hypothesized that there was a significant relationship between animacy and word order and between agent/ instrument, theme, and word order. Materials and Method This research was based on a descriptive-analytic methodology and the samples included those who had aphasic symptoms and were under treatment in the speech therapy centers of Tehran. of these people, 7 non-fluent people were chosen with the following criteria: having a severe disease but not completely impaired language output and the ability to express at least multi-word sentences. In terms of other side disorders, those, who did not have dyslexia or apraxia, were included so that they could read the sentence cards and use them to make their own sentences. In terms of the disease duration, those who had passed at least 3 weeks since their brain injury were taken into account because according to the experts, the presence of blood clots or inflammation of brain tissues at the beginning of the lesion could cause side effects and aggravation of symptoms in the patients. These tests were also performed on 10 control subjects. The patients and the control group were 22-77 and 25-72 years old, the average of whom were 52 and 51.1, respectively. In terms of education, both groups were relatively the same. Their language was Persian. All the patients were right-handed and were afflicted with non-fluent aphasia. The tests were given in two steps: the preparation step, in which the curer did his/her job with the linguists’ attendance so as to pave the way in a friendly relationship and the test execution step, in which the desired tests were performed in the next session after knowing more about the patients. According to Saffran and colleagues, the tests were composed of oral and written parts. Discussion of Results and Conclusion In all the tasks, the control group used the agent/instrument before the theme, while the obtained results were different for the patients. In the oral tasks, 71.4% of the patients used the agent/instrument before the theme. For the last picture, this ratio increased to 85.72%. In the written tasks, the results were different as well. For the first picture, the use of agent/patient order was 75%, while it was the only order used by the patients when describing the second picture. To describe the third and fourth pictures, this ratio decreased to 50%. The data were analyzed by using chi-square in Spss software. In both oral and written tasks, the results showed that there was no significant relationship between word order and animacy, but the significant relationship of thematic roles with word order was confirmed. In the written task, x2, degree of freedom, and p-value were respectively 4.5, 1, and 0.034, which meant that there was a significant relationship between the variables. In the oral tasks, x2, degree of freedom, and p-value were 14, 1, and 0.001, respectively. This also indicated the significant relationship between the variables. Kaplan believes that animacy is effective on word order in addition to the significant effects of thematic roles in the sentences produced by aphasic patients. He predicted the possible orders. In this research, his predictions were investigated in the data of Persian aphasia. The findings of the written and oral tasks were not the same. The ratio of word order in the oral tasks, except in the first picture, were not in accordance with Kaplan’s results, while there was more consistency between the obtained ratios and Kaplan’s predictions in the written tasks. This is predictable because reading and writing are two distinct skills and are not acquired alike in the human life. In fact, the degrees of disorder in these two skills depend on the patients’ capabilities before illness. The different word orders in Persian and English languages would be another reason. Even if the statistical tests did not show any significant relationships between animacy and order of noun groups, it would be seen that thematic roles were not the only determinant elements for word order in contrast to the case of the control group because animacy is the inherent feature of nouns, while identifying thematic roles depends on the understanding of complicated semantic relations between nouns and other elements of the sentence. Thus, when patients are unable to recognize these roles, using animacy will provide easier understanding. This finding is in accordance with Badecker and Caramazza’s second principle.

Abstract The rapid outbreak of coronavirus threatens humans’ life all around the world. Due to the insufficient diagnostic infrastructures, developing an accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and quick diagnostic tool is of great importance. To date, researchers have proposed several detection models based on chest imaging analysis, primarily based on deep neural networks; however, none of which could achieve a reliable and highly sensitive performance yet. Therefore, the nature of this study is primary epidemiological research that aims to overcome the limitations mentioned above by proposing a large-scale publicly available dataset of chest computed tomography scan (CT-scan) images consisting of more than 13k samples. Secondly, we propose a more sensitive deep neural networks model for CT-scan images of the lungs, providing a pixel-wise attention layer on top of the high-level features extracted from the network. Moreover, the proposed model is extended through a transfer learning approach for being applicable in the case of chest X-Ray (CXR) images. The proposed model and its extension have been trained and evaluated through several experiments. The inclusion criteria were patients with suspected PE and positive real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. The exclusion criteria were negative or inconclusive RT-PCR and other chest CT indications. Our model achieves an AUC score of 0.886, significantly better than its closest competitor, whose AUC is 0.843. Moreover, the obtained results on another commonly-used benchmark show an AUC of 0.899, outperforming related models. Additionally, the sensitivity of our model is 0.858, while that of its closest competitor is 0.81, explaining the efficiency of pixel-wise attention strategy in detecting coronavirus. Our promising results and the efficiency of the models imply that the proposed models can be considered reliable tools for assisting doctors in detecting coronavirus.

In this study, a finite difference method is presented for longitudinal stress wave propagation analysis in functionally graded 2D plane strain media. The plane material consists of two ceramics (SiC and Al2O3) and two metals (Al 1100 and Ti-6A1-4V (TC4)) with power‐law variation for mechanical properties in terms of volume fractions of the constituents. Firstly, the governing equations of wave propagation in the functionally graded plane strain media were derived in Cartesian coordinate. It’s assumed that elastic module, density, and Poisson’s ratio are variable in all of the media. Secondly, the finite difference method was used to discretize the equations. Time step size was obtained using the von Neumann stability approach. The materials distribution effects are studied in different states and history of stress, strain, and displacement. To validate the numerical simulation, stress is compared with theoretical equations in special states. Results show that the wave propagation behavior is considerably influenced by material composition variation.

In this study, we investigated the effects of sediment grain size and seasonal change on the structure of macrobenthic communities in the south and southeastern shorelines of the Caspian Sea for one year using a hand corer. Sediment sampling was performed at four stations (Sari, Sisangan, Khajeh Nafs-Ashuradeh, and Bandar-e-Turkmen wharf) with different substrates. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showed a significant interaction effect between the season and the sampling station. The dominant species composition varied in each station at different seasons. Stenogammarus sp. and A. improvisus and P. eichwaldiana contributed to 100% dissimilarity between Bandar-e-Turkmen and Farahabad shorelines in summer, winter, and spring. In all seasons, Stenogammarus sp. was dominantly present in most sampling replications with a uniform frequency at the Sari shoreline. C. albidus and C. littoralis species were dominant in Khajeh Nafs-Ashuradeh and Sisangan stations during four seasons, respectively. Based on dbRDA plots, the sediment organic matter and electrical conductivity in summer; salinity, pH, and silt percentage in autumn; sediment organic matter and pH in winter; and organic matter and percentage of clay in spring had a substantial role in the distribution of macrobenthos and their frequency differences.

In this paper, the analysis and optimization of the effect of the materials distribution on the behavior of 2D functionally graded media subjected to impacted loading has been investigated. First, it is assumed that there are two cases for distributing the components in the FG material. In the first case, the power law is considered for materials distribution, and in the second case, the volume fractional changes of the components are made by third degree interpolation. Considering the elastodynamic behavior of the FG materials under loading, the general governing equations of the wave propagation are extracted for the case of properties variation in two dimensions and then the equations are solved using the finite difference method. Finally, an optimization has been made using a single objective genetic algorithm. The results show that the materials distribution has a considerable effect of stress wave propagation in FGMs.

Introduction: Biological evaluation of water resources using macroinvertebrates is one of the most appropriate and most cost-effective methods in order to study human impacts on water ecosystems. Nutrition strategies are a typical feature that reflects the flexibility of species and can be part of a single action in the classification structure of societies. Feeding groups contribute to the metabolism of freshwater ecosystems, including nutrient cycles, reduced particle size (e.g shredder), facilitated the functioning of microparticles, Fungi and yeasts and carrying organic matter in the downstream. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of feeding groups of bentic macroinvertebrates as the basis of biological evaluation in the Chalous River as one of the protected rivers in Iran with unique ecological conditions. Material and methods: Macroinvertebrates were taken using surber sampler (with an approximate area of 0.1 m2 and mesh size of 360 µm) with 3 replicates in 9 stations each season, from June 2015 to March 2016. To compare the abundance of feeding groups in different stations and seasons, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used and a Mann-Whitney test was used to Paired comparison. Simperity tests (SIMPER) were used to determine the feeding groups that had the highest share (participation rate) in the similarity of each station and also the major disparity between the stations. Results and discussion: During the whole period of sampling, 26220 individuals of macroinvertebrates were separated, identified and counted, which were belonged to 3 phyla, 4 classes, 12 orders, 34 Families and 35 Genera. In this study, the highest total abundance of invertebrates in stations 6 and 8 was 15.04% and 16.97% of the different feeding groups, which can be due to the entry of organic matter By wastewater farms before these stations. Suspended solids along with non-eaten foods in salmon farms seem to play an important role in increasing the abundance of bentic macroinvertebrate in the bottom of fish farms. Functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates in this study included five groups: Collector Gatherer, Collector Filter, Predator, Scraper and Shredder. Results showed that, the abundance of Collector Gatherer in station 8 is higher than other stations. The frequencies of Scraper and Shredder groups showed significant differences with other groups (p < 0.05). Also, Collector Filter group in station 6 is more abundant than other stations (p < 0.05). The results of the SIMPER analysis indicated a high degree of uniformity and reduction of variations at each station group seasonally. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that the stations that were located after the fish farms in many seasons, alternately collector filter and collector gatherer feeding groups most frequent. However, based on the results of the SIMPER test, due to the increased presence of other feeding groups in stations after fish farms, the contribution of the filterer and gatherer groups to the combination of macroinvertebrates in comparison with other stations decreased.

Among a wide range of pollutants, organic pollutants have given rise to major environmental concerns. Various methods have been considered to mitigate the damage, including catalytic reduction to less hazardous compounds. Catalysts that benefit from high surface area and suitable surface sites for various steps of the catalytic reaction have shown outstanding results in performing such duties. Mesoporous CuO/SiO2 has been synthesized and characterized here and it showed excellent results for catalytic removal of methylene blue as a model organic pollutant. Several control samples were also studied to postulate a possible mechanism for activity enhancement.

Introduction: The intentional and unintentional introduction of non-native fish species to the aquatic ecosystems of Iran has occurred with purposes such as enhancing aquaculture, ornamentation, biological control, and research. Some of them cause or have the potential to cause, significant environmental and socio-economic impacts on aquatic ecosystems and/or fish farms. The eradication of non-native fishes is impossible or very costly, especially in large areas. Screening and identifying the potential invasiveness of species are being increasingly used all over the world. The main aim of the present research was to assess the potential invasiveness of redbelly Tilapia Coptodon zillii in Anzali international wetland. Material and methods: Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) was used to identify redbelly Tilapia Coptodon zillii as a non-native fish that may pose a high potential risk of becoming invasion in Anzali Wetland. The model is able to discriminate between invasive and non-invasive aquatic organisms including non-native fishes by risk area-related threshold value. Also, the Köppen-Geiger climate system and Climatch software were used to match the climate between the native range of redbelly Tilapia and Anzali Wetland. The projected future climate change scenario was taken from relevant studies to carry out Climate Change Assessment (CCA) of the AS-ISK. Results and discussion: The output of the AS-ISK was 44 for redbelly Tilapia that was higher than the AS-ISK threshold value of the risk assessment area, which meant that the species pose a potential risk of becoming invasive in Anzali wetland. There was a high climate-mating between the native range of redbelly Tilapia and the assessed area when the Köppen-Geiger climate system was used. At least one native habitat of redbelly Tilapia in the system was in the same climate category as the studied area. Also, the Climatch model output was 0.87 that shows a high climate matching for the non-native fish. The CCA had an increasing effect on the total score of the AS-ISK. The factors that increased the AS-ISK score were climate-mating, probable climate change, biological attributes, and invasiveness history of other places that the species was introduced. The comparison of the results of this study and other relevant studies that used AS-ISK to assess potential invasiveness of redbelly Tilapia showed that the species had the potential of becoming an invader in Anzali Wetland as well as some other areas around the country. Conclusion: While non-native fishes are frequently used to enhance aquaculture in the country, a rapid assessment tool is required to avoid nuisance environmental impacts. The AS-ISK can be reliably used as a tool to predict the potential risk of becoming invasive in Anzali Wetland and elsewhere to be used by conservation managers, decision-makers, and policymakers in the aquaculture development plans.

Abstract Background Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a significant regulator of cancer angiogenesis, it is essential to develop a technology for its sensitive detection. Herein, we sensitized a chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay through the combination of H2O2-sensitive TGA-CdTe quantum dot (QD) as signal transduction, dextran as a cross-linker to prepare enzyme-labeled antigen and the ultrahigh bioactivity of catalase (CAT) as reporter enzyme. Results Under the optimized experimental conditions, the chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) method can detect VEGF in the excellent linear range of 2–35,000 pg mL−1, with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.5 pg mL−1 which was approximately ten times lower than the commercial colorimetric immunoassay. This proposed method has been successfully applied to the clinical determination of VEGF in the human serum samples, and the results illustrated an excellent correlation with the conventional ELISA method (R2 = 0.997). The suitable recovery rate of the method in the serum ranged from 97 to 107%, with a relative standard deviation of 1.2% to 13.4%. Conclusions The novel immunoassay proposes a highly sensitive, specific, and stable method for very low levels detection of VEGF that can be used in the primary diagnosis of tumors. With the well-designed sensing platform, this approach has a broad potential to be applied for quantitative analysis of numerous disease-related protein biomarkers for which antibodies are available.

In analytical studies, step (Heaviside) function is used to simulate an impact load. However, in real behaviour of materials, loading and unloading take a short time. The present study discusses analytically the effects of pulse shape and rising time of an impact load on dynamic stress intensity factor. Firstly, a pulse load with positive slip (linear and non-linear) is applied on a cracked plate and the amount of dynamic stress intensity factor on the crack tip is obtained. Then the effects of pulse time are discussed. Results show that increasing the rise time decreases the stress intensity factor because of reduction of inertia effects. Moreover, the duration of rise time plays the main role in dynamic stress intensity factor changes and how the variations are not matter.

In control of lands, the assemblage and determination of effective factors on survival are necessary. The management of habitat is based on speculation and becomes a failure without the information. This study was done to survey the habitat suitability index of the Kura goby (Ponticola cyrius) in the Tajan River. For this purpose, samples were taken during a month from December to January 2014, at 15 stations in Tajan River from the highest point accessible to Crossroads Takam, and then triggering samples were counted. The environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, width, depth, altitude, slope, diagonal of substrate stones, water velocity, type of cover, and the measure of shadow were recorded in each station. Specimens of fish were caught by electrofishing at each station and were counted. Habitat suitability index was calculated for each. The results showed that the second station (upstream part) is the most favorable habitat for Kura goby, and some parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and depth of the river have the key role in the high habitat suitability index of the second station. Also, vegetation cover of bushes and shrubs, 40 to 71 percent of shadow, and the cobblestone bed were observed in habitat selection of Kura goby. According to the results of this study and due to the lack of mobility and the presence of ventral fin, the desirable habitat for this species is rubble beds (diameter 15 cm) and the flow rate of water is less than 0.5 m/s.

Nowadays, functionally graded materials (FGM) are widely used in many industrial, aerospace and military fields. On the other hand, the interest in the use of shrink-fitted assemblies is increasing for designing composite tubes, high-pressure vessels, rectors and tanks. Although extensive researches exist on thick-walled cylindrical shells, not many researches have been done on shrink-fitted thick FGM cylinders. In this paper, an analytical formulation for shrink-fitted of axisymmetric thick-walled FGM cylinders based on the linear plane elasticity theory is presented. The stresses and displacement fields in thick cylindrical shells are calculated using the real, Repeated and complex roots of characteristic equation. The displacements and stresses resulted are depicted for a case study. The results show that the material composition variation had evident effects on shrink-fit pressure in the intersection area of two fitted tubes. The value of this pressure affects radial and hoop stress distribution in FG circular cylinders walls.

Abstract: Apologizing is an ethical speech act that is addressed to the offended to alleviate him /her by the offender who has committed an offence. Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) specified illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), taking responsibility, account/ explanation, offer of repair and promise of forbearance as the building blocks (movements) of an apology of which the presence of the first two strategies indicates sincerity, the others are situation-based. The present article intends to investigate the Iranian politicians’ apologies broadcasted in the national and local media so as to specify if there is any difference among them and if they are different in terms of sincerity. The data found, i.e. 93 apologies, are categorized into 4 groups including politicians at presidency constituency (the president himself, vice presidents, spokesmen, and …), ministers, state governors and local governors and analyzed based on X2 statistical test. The data investigated, the three major 1-3 movement paradigms and the 10 minor paradigms were found, wherein there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of 1 and 2 movement strategies; however, there is a significant difference among these groups in 3 movement apologies indicating that ministers made more use of them. Furthermore, the findings show that there is no meaningful difference among the politicians and all of them deny any responsibility; this takes their apologies seriously into question as this is a great factor influencing the sincerity of an apology. Keywords: Illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), Offence, Strategy, Politic Apologies, Apologetic Paradigms, Sincerity Introduction: Apology is a post-event speech act that is addressed to an offended after a violation or an offence by an offender to create appeasement. Holmes (1990: 150) contends that an apology is: A speech act addressed to B’s face-needs and intended to remedy an offence for which A takes responsibility, and thus to restore equilibrium between A and B (where A is the apologizer, and B is the person offended). Many researches including Olshtain and Cohen (1983), Trosborg (1987), Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (1989), Holmes (1989), Reiter (2000), Robinson (2004), Barron (2009), Ogiermann (2009), Leech (2014) have agreed with Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984: 206-209) in specifying the elements of an apology which are: Illocutionary force indicating device (IFID) which selects a routinized, formulaic expression of regret (a performative verb) such as: (be) sorry, apologize, regret, excuse, etc. Taking on responsibility. In the attempt to placate H, S often chooses to take on responsibility for the offence which created the need to apologize. Explanation Offer of repair Promise of forbearance The first two strategies, found in almost all apologies from different languages they investigated in a research project called A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP), indicate the sincerity of an apology. The others are situation based. Politic apologies are, in the “Age of Apology” (as it is called by Brooks, 1999; Lakoff, 2000; Harris, et al. 2006; Gibney et al. 2007; Lind, 2008; Sanz, 2012), at their “painful infancy” (Fraser, 1981: 70). The present article intends to investigate the apologies of Iranian statesmen including presidency constituency (the president himself, vice-presidents, spokesmen, and…), ministers, state governors, local governors and parliamentary members (MPs) to find if their apologies are of some paradigms, and whether or not their apologies are sincere. Drawing attention from a plethora of disciplines such as sociology, politics, pragmatics, speech acts theory, politeness, etc., the literature on apology is voluminous; yet it lags so much behind in political apologies; however, it is gaining speed. Material and Methodology The data (93 cases of politic apologies) for this study were excerpted from local and national media. Although a good deal of the data belong to the President Ruhani’s eras, but still one can find traces from other presidents’ periods. Of these 20 cases belong to the presidency constituency, 30 to the minsters, 22 to the state governors, and 21 to the local governors. Based on the 5 movements/ strategies identified by Blum-Kulka and Olstain (1984), these apologies were divided into five groups ranging from paradigms with one strategy to the ones with 5 strategies. But it was found that four and five movement paradigms were of no frequency, thus omitted from the analysis. The IFID itself formed a category with 1 movement. The paradigms with two movements were categorized into 4 sub-categories and the paradigms with three movements were categorized into five subcategories; the data were inserted into different tables relative to the 4 identified political groups. Discussion and Findings Based on the data found and X2 statistical test, it was found that the Iranian Politicians’ apologies follow three different paradigms (1, 2 and 3 movement(s)). There is no significant difference among the four politician groups in apologies made in 1 and 2 movements; however, there is a significant difference among these groups in 3 movement apologies indicating that ministers made more use of them. Still, among the different output strategies, those strategies which included an explanation of the reasons why those mistakes had taken place, were significantly higher in number compared to the other strategies. Furthermore, the findings show there is no meaningful difference among the politicians, and none of them accepts any responsibility; this takes their apologies seriously into question as this is a great factor influencing the sincerity of an apology.

This study was performed to determine the trends of heavy metals transfer (cadmium and lead) from water to macroinvertebrates and the fish species, Alburnoides eichwaldii in 5 stations in the Tajan River in autumn and spring. Concentrations of lead and cadmium heavy metals in water samples, benthic invertebrates, and liver and muscle tissues of fish were determined by the ICP-OES instrument. The results showed no significant differences in metals concentrations in water and macroinvertebrates among different seasons and stations (p>0.05). In macroinvertebrates, the concentrations of lead and cadmium in dry weight were 64.815±58.381 and 5.249±3.32 µg/g in spring, respectively, and 67.74±71.49 and 7.148±4.53 µg/g in autumn, ][respectively. The highest and lowest concentration of lead in the muscle of A. eichwaldii was 2.04 and 0.471, respectively, and was significantly different between stations 1 and 5 (p

Abstract Hydroxyapatite nanostructures were synthesized by microwave irradiation from egg shells. This nanoadsorbent was used for effective removal of lead ions from water and wastewater samples. The effects of experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time, dose of adsorbent and initial concentration of lead ions on removal were investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were studied, and the results indicated that the adsorption mechanism was based on Langmuir isotherm. The synthesized nanoadsorbent shows high adsorption capacities for removal of lead ion from water samples.

Introduction: In recent years, the infertility ratio in young couples has been increased a lot in Iran. From the other side, it has been shown that data mining techniques are capable of extracting novel patterns from medical data. In this study, we proposed a comprehensive system called Prediction of the best Infertility treatment using Outlier Detection and Ensemble Methods (PIODEM) for predicting of the best infertility treatment method for infertile couples. Methods: This descriptive-correlation study used the information of 527 infertile couples, which collected from Avicenna specialized infertility center, Tehran, Iran. PIODEM consists of three steps: First, PIODEM uses the discriminant analysis to find effective factors for choosing the best infertility treatment. Second, PIODEM detects the outlier samples, and applies a correlation between these samples and the choice of treatment method. Third, it uses ensemble methods to increase the precision of classifiers. Results: The PIODEM system succeeded in discovering affective factors such as male-partner’s age, infertility duration, immotile sperm, decreasing of sperm concentration decrease, total sperm count, morphology, sperm motility, sperm with rapid progressive-a motility, and sperm with slow progressive-b motility. Additionally, PIODEM indicates that if one of four features of sperm concentration, toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM), triiodothyronine (T3) hormone, and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was an outlier, then the prediction of treatment would be more accurate. Finally, using ensemble methods increased the F-measure of PIODEM system by up to 76%. Conclusion: The PIODEM system is able to discover effective factors in the choice of treatment method, using differential analysis and analysis of pert data. This system offers patient information as input for the treatment method.

Control of a Twin Rotor Multi-input Multi-output System (TRMS) is not a simple work. Because it has complex nonlinear dynamics, cross-coupling, uncertainties, and instability. This paper provides a practical method for control of a TRMS, named Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) as one of the robust approaches. Firstly, the TRMS set and modeling procedure are introduced. Secondly, the nonlinear and linear equations of electrical and mechanical parts in both vertical and horizontal planes are presented. Next, using the QFT method, a controller is designed for motion in each plane. Finally, the robustness of the control strategy is illustrated by simulations of vertical and horizontal motions, including controller and pre-filter in the presence of uncertainties. The results demonstrate that the proposed robust controller can guarantee the system stabilization, as well as pitch and yaw tracking of TRMS.

Background: Because of the importance of staff shortage in health systems, considering the intention to leave the job and its related factors among nurses is very important. The aim of this study was to identify the association between the intention to leave the nursing profession and work climate and demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 206 nurses, by random sampling method from six hospitals (response rate = 92%). A set of self-administered questionnaires were applied for the evaluation of intention to leave and work climate. Results: The high level of intention to leave the profession was expressed by 23.70% of the participants; 25.10% of the participants had the moderate intention. Data analysis revealed that work climate, type of employment, marital status, and overtime working were significant predictors of nurses' intention to leave after controlling other independent variables (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.001). Conclusions: It was found that work climate and some demographic characteristics can be seen as indicators for intention to leave among nurses; therefore, considering the so-called variables is required. Further studies are needed to identify other aspects of the issue.

The knuckle creases present on the dorsal side of the human hand can play significant role in identifying the offenders of serious crime, especially when evidence images of more recognizable biometric traits, such as the face, are not available. These knuckle creases, if localized appropriately, can result in improved identification ability. This is attributed to ambient inclusion of the creases and minimal effect of background, which lead to quality and discerning feature extraction. This paper presents an ensemble approach, utilizing multiple object detector frameworks, to localize the knuckle regions in a functionally appropriate way. The approach leverages from the individual capabilities of the popular object detectors and provide a more comprehensive knuckle region localization. The investigations are completed with two large-scale public hand databases which consist of hand-dorsal images with varying backgrounds and finger positioning. In addition to that, effectiveness of the proposed approach is also tested with a novel proprietary unconstrained multi-ethnic hand dorsal dataset to evaluate its generalizability. Several novel performance metrics are tailored to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed knuckle localization approach. These metrics aim to measure the veracity of the detected knuckle regions in terms of their relation with the ground truth. The comparison of the proposed approach with individual object detectors and a state-of-the-art hand keypoint detector clearly establishes the outperforming nature of the proposed approach. The generalization of the proposed approach is also corroborated through the cross-dataset framework.

The high cost and time of implementation of the bridgeworks necessitate the optimization in the structural design. The optimization can extensively reduce the used steel, reinforcement, concrete and the time of doing project. In this study the effect of design elements in optimization of a bridge have been investigated. By definition of cross section geometry, strength of material, location and number of pre-stressing cables as variable and also using Cuckoo algorithm, the best value of variables are selected and the best geometry of cross area is choice. These variables in fact are calculated based on two regulations AASHTO LRFD-2015 and standard 2002 and the results are compared. The results show that the weight minimalist and economic plan are not depended directly because of the effect of concrete, steel and pre-stressed cables and also the high strength concrete used in long bridge span. Finally, for comparison of the bridge span effect, the optimization is carried out for different lengths from 30 to 70 based on the pointed regulations in above and the results are compared

Background and aim: Spiritual care is an important part of nursing practice that seems to provide comprehensive care to patients. Nursing manager's attention to the spiritual dimension is one of the most important aspects affecting human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine nursing managers’ attitude to spirituality and spiritual care in hospitals in Khorasan Razavi Province in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 management nurses (8 matrons, 37 supervisors and 65 head nurses) of hospitals in Khorasan Razavi Province (2016) were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a Spirituality & Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) questionnaire in two parts, demographic information and questions related to the research objectives. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 16 software and doing descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent-samples t-test, ANOVA) and considering levels of significance (p

Person re-identification (re-ID), which aims to identify the same individual from a gallery collected with different cameras, has attracted increasing attention in the multimedia retrieval community. Current deep learning methods for person re-ID focus on learning classification models on training identities to obtain an ID-discriminative embedding (IDE) extractor, which is used to extract features from testing images for re-ID. The IDE features of the testing identities might not be discriminative due to that the training identities are different from the testing identities. In this paper, we introduce a new ID-adaptation network (ID-AdaptNet), which aims to improve the discriminative power of the IDE features of the testing identities for better person re-ID. The main idea of the ID-AdaptNet is to transform the IDE features to a common discriminative latent space, where the representations of the “seen”training identities are enforced to adapt to those of the “unseen”training identities. More specifically, the ID-AdaptNet is trained by simultaneously minimizing the classification cross-entropy and the discrepancy between the “seen”and the “unseen”training identities in the hidden space. To calculate the discrepancy, we represent their probability distributions as moment sequences and calculate their distance using their central moments. We further propose a stacking ID-AdaptNet that jointly trains multiple ID-AdaptNets with a regularization method for better re-ID. Experiments show that the ID-AdaptNet and stacking ID-AdaptNet effectively improve the discriminative power of IDE features.

This study aimed to investigate macroinvertebrates biodiversity indices in Chalus River in Mazandaran province and the impact of spring floods on these indices during spring and summer in 2015. Environmental parameters including daily discharge data during 2014-2015, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, pH, TDS and EC were measured in river branches and main channel of the river at nine stations. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected by surber sampler at each station, then identified and counted. Results showed significant differences in biological indices of EPT, EPT/Chironomidae, ASPT, HFBI, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity between two seasons (p

In the autumn 2012, a study in order to evalute the accuracy of describe four species from Alburnoides was done using morphological characters. The samples from three speices including Alburnoidesnamaki, Alburnoidesidignensis and Alburnoidesnicolasi caught by electrofishing from type locality that reported by Bogutskaya and Coad, 2009 and also, the samples of Alburnoideseichwaldiiwas caught from SiahroodRiver.Thirty three morphometric and five meristic characters were analysed. Morphologicalcharacteristics were standardized before statistical analysis to reduce the error ofthe allometricgrowth. In order to evaluate of morphometric variation between the mentioned populations, the morphometric and meristic characters and relative morphometric were analyzed by PCA and MANOVA/CVA methods. Our results showed a high coverage of morphometric characters in the mentioned populations and approximately these populations were not in separate site. Also, due to highe coverage in these populations, this seem that the separation of three populations in gharechay, Bidsorkh and noorabad that before described by Coad and Bogutskaya (2009) as A. namaki, A. idignensisand A. nicolausiis not possible.

Background and Objective: Heparin Products are used largely due to the positive effects of the treatment. Since bruising and pain are thier unpleasant consequences following injection, we aimed at determining the effect of local cold on occurrence of pain and bruising at the injection site of subcutaneous enoxaparin sodium. Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 36 patients allocated randomly to case and control groups in Panje Azar teaching center in Groan, 2012. In control group, routine subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin ,without local cold, in 10 seconds was performed while in case group , local cold was applied for five minutes before routine subcutaneous injection. The data was collected via a researcher-made check-list consisting of demographic part and the section for recording the extent of bruising and pain intensity. The Extent of bruising was measured by using clear flexible ruler within 24-48-72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after injection. Data was analyzed by SPSS- 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results indicated that the mean of pain intensity in control (3.86±2.75) and case group (3.05±1.71) was not significantly different (P=0.148) and it is true for the extent of bruising in 24- 48-72 hours, no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Regarding the results, cold application before injection is not effective in reducing pain intensity and the size of the bruising.

Background and Objective: Injection of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin often causes some local reactions such as ­bruising, hematoma­, and pain, directly related to inappropriate injection method­. This study aimed at determining the effect of injection duration of­ Subcutaneous Enoxaparin Sodium on the size of bruising and the severity of injection pain. Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 36 patients medicated by subcutaneous Enoxaparin Sodium (60mg). ­­They were randomly divided into two groups.­ The first group received routine method of subcutaneous anoxaparine injection (10 second duration injection technique) and in the second group in addition to routine method, ­“10 second waits” before removing needle was performed. Data collection was carried out by using a researcher-made check-list consisting of a section for demographic data and a section to record the extent o f bruising and pain intensity.­ The Extent of bruising was measured by using a clear flexible ruler within 24, ­ 48 and 72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) ,immediately after injection­.­­We analyzed the Data by independent T test and Chi square. Results: ­ The ­Results indicate ­­that­ the mean ­of pain intensity in second group (­3.05 ± 1.71­)­ is less than first group (­3.86 ± 2.75­)­.­There is no significant difference between two groups for the extent of bruising in 24, ­ 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05). Conclusion: with regard to ­pain intensity and the size­ of the bruising, the two groups are not significantly different.

Background: The present study compared lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h) of CdCl2, CrCl3, and Pb (NO3)2 between two scaled and scaleless freshwater fish species: Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) and Pangasius hypophthalmus (Pangasiidae). Methods: The experimental fishes were obtained from fish markets/ponds with average lengths and weights of approximately 11.68 ±1.92 and 9.8±1.9 cm, and 25.92±6.3 and 18.61±3.22 g for C. carpio and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. The fishes were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120, 200 mg L−1) lead (Pb) (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 90, 150 mg L−1), and chromium (Cr) (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg L−1) for 96 h. Physicochemical parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature of aquaria as well as mortality rate of the fishes, were monitored daily. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50-96 h) of CdCl2, CrCl3, and Pb (NO3)2 for P. hypophthalmus were found at 64.89, 7.46, and 48.06 mg L−1, and those of CdCl 2, CrCl 3, Pb (NO3)2 for C. carpio were detected at 84.8, 17.05, and 77.33 mg L−1. The ratios of heavy metal toxicity factors (TF) were greater for common carp compared to those for the catfish. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that common carp C. carpio with higher LC50 (and LC100) values appears to be more tolerant to heavy metals exposure than the catfish (P. hypophthalmus). This may be due to the resistance to the heavy metals through protection from the carp's scaled body versus scaleless body of the catfish.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between "internal marketing" and "market orientation" considering the mediator variable of "organizational commitment" in branches of Bank Mellat in the city of Tehran as a financial-service provider firm. The questionnaire in this study has been extracted from the related literature and its validity has been approved by the field experts and factor analysis. The research methodology adopted in this study is typically descriptive and correlation based and the collected data has been analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Research population consisted of Bank Mellat employees throughout the city of Tehran. A sample of 323 employees has been selected using cluster sampling and finally, 261 filled questionnaires has been collected. Findings imply that there is a positive correlation between internal marketing and market orientation considering the mediator variable of organizational commitment in the Bank Mellat of the city of Tehran.

Objective(s): To study the relationship between Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in nursing staff in medical university hospitals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all 750 nursing staff working in hospitals affiliated to Golestan university of medical sciences were entered into the study. Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Meyer Organizational Commitment Scale used as research instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of participant was 32.6±7.4 years and 72.7% were female and married (74%). Job satisfaction in 37.7% of nurses was low and only 2.2% of them had very high level of job satisfaction. Organizational commitment in 49.6% of subjects was low and just 4% of nurses had high level of organizational commitment. There was a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (P

Background: Fatigue and exertional dyspnea caused considerable impairment in the functional performance and quality of life in heart failure (HF) patients, therefore it influence all aspects of life negatively. This study was aimed to relation between quality of life and functional performance in patients with heart failure. Methods: This study implemented on 60 patients with heart failure (class II, III) in Ahvaz city (2006). Quality of life of the patients measured by Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) and also 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) was used for determination of patient's functional performance. Spearman's correlation coefficient, t-test and liner regression used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant correlation among quality of life with age, functional class (II, III), length of disease, smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-minute walking test (P< 0.05). Also patients’ ability in 6-minute walking test was statistically correlate with above- mentioned variables. Linear regression analysis showed that age, functional class (II, III), functional performance (6-minute walking test) could predict quality of life in patients with heart failure (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the research findings, high functional performance in patients with heart failure associated with better quality of life, therefore improvement of functional performance by cardiac rehabilitation and controlling other manageable variables could promote health in this patients.

Background and Objective: Anthropometric indeces are the best methods for determining of malnutrition and obesity in children and young adulescent worldwide. This study was designed to compare the physical growth status between Turkman and non-Turkman in rural area in Gorgan in North of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross – sectional descriptive was done on 551 children of 2-5 years of age, Turkman and 895 of non-Turkman in the rural area of Gorgan North of Iran during autumn 2005. Height, weight and personal identification recorded by questioners. BMI percentile and under -1sd ,-2sd and -3sd from NCHS used for comparison. Data were analyzed by using Chi-Square and T-student tests. Results: Mean±SD of height in female Turkman and non-Turkman were 95.3±8.1 and 90.5±8.4 cm respectivly means±SD of height were 96.0±7.6 and 90.9±8.6 cm in Turkman and non-Turkman, respectively. Male childrens mean±SD of weight in were 14.5±2.4 and 14.2±2.9 and in male Turkman and non-Turkman children respectively. Also means±SD of weight were 15.0±2.03 and 14.5±2.3 cm in Turkman and non-Turkman male children, respectively. Turkman children are about 426 gram heavier and 4.9 cm taller than non-Turkman in all of age groups (P

Parallel robots are widely used in many industrial and medical applications. Reconfigurable parallel robots could be defined as a group of parallel robots that can have different geometries, thus obtaining different degrees of freedom derived from the basic structure. These robots have some disadvantages like having erratic workspace and singular points in the workspace. These limitations should be studied for proper usage of parallel manipulators. This paper presents the kinematics and workspace analysis of a 3DOF parallel reconfigurable robot. This robot has two different configurations. The first configuration is a Tricept robot (3UPS-PU) and the second is a fully Spherical robot (3UPS-S). The kinematic equations are derived based on the geometry of the system and then Jacobian matrices are determined via velocity loop closure analysis. The kinematic model is verified by the results obtained from robot simulation in ADAMS software. Then, the workspace of the robot is determined by considering the kinematic constraints.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between "internal marketing" and "market orientation" considering the mediator variable of "organizational commitment" in branches of Bank Mellat in the city of Tehran as a financial-service provider firm. The questionnaire in this study has been extracted from the related literature and its validity has been approved by the field experts and factor analysis. The research methodology adopted in this study is typically descriptive and correlation based and the collected data has been analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Research population consisted of Bank Mellat employees throughout the city of Tehran. A sample of 323 employees has been selected using cluster sampling and finally, 261 filled questionnaires has been collected. Findings imply that there is a positive correlation between internal marketing and market orientation considering the mediator variable of organizational commitment in the Bank Mellat of the city of Tehran.