Search

In this paper, an optical modulator based on the hybrid structure is designed and analyzed in the wavelength range of 1.3 µm–1.8 µm. In this work, the proposed modulator consists of graphene, Molybdenum disulfide ( $${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$$ ), and Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) layers with Si layer on $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$$ substrate. The Si layer on $${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$$ substrate has created a waveguide in the middle of the structure. Our investigations show that the strong coupling in this intermediate waveguide increases the light interaction with graphene, and finally increases the modulation depth (MD) of proposed modulator. In our proposed modulator, at telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 µm, the modulation depth equals 0.2 dB/µm, and the loss rate is 0.2 dB/µm. The highest modulation depth is 0.58 dB/µm, with loss of 0.58 dB/µm and occurs at wavelength of 1.8 µm.

In this paper, a broadband optical modulator based on plasmonic hybrid structures has been investigated that shows good performance in the wavelength range of 1300 to 1800 nm. The proposed modulator consists of Multi-layer graphene with two silver nano-ribbons and an h-BN dielectric layer embedded between the graphene layers. The presence of silver nano-ribbons has created a waveguide in the mid-structure. Our results show that strong coupling of surface plasmon polaritons to this waveguide increases the light interaction with graphene, improves the subwavelength confinement, and ultimately enhances the modulation effects of this proposed modulator. The proposed modulator shows a modulation depth of 17.55 dB/μm with a loss of 1.47 dB/μm at wavelength of 1.55 μm.