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1. A large-scale behavior change intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh: components and costs

Author

Nazmun Nahar, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Rebeca Sultana, Fernando Garcia, Repon C. Paul, Jaynal Abedin, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Mahmudur Rahman, Emily S. Gurley, and Stephen P. Luby

Subjects
Nipah virus infection, Behavior change communication intervention, Prevention, Intervention cost, Bangladesh, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Abstract Background Nipah virus infection (NiV) is a bat-borne zoonosis transmitted to humans through consumption of NiV-contaminated raw date palm sap in Bangladesh. The objective of this analysis was to measure the cost of an NiV prevention intervention and estimate the cost of scaling it up to districts where spillover had been identified. Methods We implemented a behavior change communication intervention in two districts, testing different approaches to reduce the risk of NiV transmission using community mobilization, interpersonal communication, posters and TV public service announcements on local television during the 2012–2014 sap harvesting seasons. In one district, we implemented a “no raw sap” approach recommending to stop drinking raw date palm sap. In another district, we implemented an “only safe sap” approach, recommending to stop drinking raw date palm sap but offering the option of drinking safe sap. This is sap covered with a barrier, locally called bana, to interrupt bats’ access during collection. We conducted surveys among randomly selected respondents two months after the intervention to measure the proportion of people reached. We used an activity-based costing method to calculate the cost of the intervention. Results The implementation cost of the “no raw sap” intervention was $30,000 and the “only safe sap” intervention was $55,000. The highest cost was conducting meetings and interpersonal communication efforts. The lowest cost was broadcasting the public service announcements on local TV channels. To scale up a similar intervention in 30 districts where NiV spillover has occurred, would cost between $2.6 and $3.5 million for one season. Placing the posters would cost $96,000 and only broadcasting the public service announcement through local channels in 30 districts would cost $26,000. Conclusions Broadcasting a TV public service announcement is a potential low cost option to advance NiV prevention. It could be supplemented with posters and targeted interpersonal communication, in districts with a high risk of NiV spillover.

Published
2017
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3. It’s not only what you say, it’s also how you say it: communicating Nipah virus prevention messages during an outbreak in Bangladesh

Author

Shahana Parveen, M. Saiful Islam, Momtaz Begum, Mahbub-Ul Alam, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Rebeca Sultana, Mahmudur Rahman, Emily S. Gurley, M. Jahangir Hossain, and Stephen P. Luby

Subjects
Nipah virus, Outbreak, Prevention messages, Communication strategy, Anthropological approach, Contextual understanding, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background During a fatal Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Bangladesh, residents rejected biomedical explanations of NiV transmission and treatment and lost trust in the public healthcare system. Field anthropologists developed and communicated a prevention strategy to bridge the gap between the biomedical and local explanation of the outbreak. Methods We explored residents’ beliefs and perceptions about the illness and care-seeking practices and explained prevention messages following an interactive strategy with the aid of photos showed the types of contact that can lead to NiV transmission from bats to humans by drinking raw date palm sap and from person-to-person. Results The residents initially believed that the outbreak was caused by supernatural forces and continued drinking raw date palm sap despite messages from local health authorities to stop. Participants in community meetings stated that the initial messages did not explain that bats were the source of this virus. After our intervention, participants responded that they now understood how NiV could be transmitted and would abstain from raw sap consumption and maintain safer behaviours while caring for patients. Conclusions During outbreaks, one-way behaviour change communication without meaningful causal explanations is unlikely to be effective. Based on the cultural context, interactive communication strategies in lay language with supporting evidence can make biomedical prevention messages credible in affected communities, even among those who initially invoke supernatural causal explanations.

Published
2016
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4. Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-Barium Titanate-Graphene layered capacitors by spin coating at low processing temperatures

Author

Habib, M. S., Farhad, S. F. U., Tanvir, N. I., Alam, M. S., Bitu, M. N. A., Islam, M. S., Islam, S., Khatun, N., and Hossain, M. S

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BT), materials have been synthesized by two different routes: one ball-mill-derived (BMD) nanopowder and another precursor-derived (PCD) BT synthesis method were used separately to fabricate BT thin films on stainless steel (SS) and quartz substrates by spin coating. Then thin films from both synthesis routes were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Spectroscopy, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Four-point collinear probe; all carried out at room temperature. Our studies revealed that the PCD synthesis process did not produce the BT phase even under the 900^0C air-annealing condition. In contrast, a homogeneous BT thin film has been formed from the BMD-BT nanopowder. The optical band gap of BMD-BT thin films was found in the 3.10 - 3.28 eV range. Finally, a Graphene-Barium Titanate-Graphene (G-BT-G) structure was fabricated on a SS substrate by spin coating at processing temperatures below 100^0C and characterized by two different pieces of equipment: a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PG-STAT) and a Precision Impedance Analyzer (PIA). The G-BT-G structure exhibited a capacitance of 8 nF and 7.15 nF, a highest dielectric constant of 800 and 790, and a low dielectric loss of 4.5 and 5, investigated by PG-STAT and PIA equipment, respectively., Comment: 25 pages, 11 Figures

Published
2023

6. Risk practices for animal and human anthrax in Bangladesh: an exploratory study

Author

Md. Saiful Islam, M. Jahangir Hossain, Andrea Mikolon, Shahana Parveen, M. Salah Uddin Khan, Najmul Haider, Apurba Chakraborty, Abu Mohammad Naser Titu, M. Waliur Rahman, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Mahmudur Rahman, Emily S. Gurley, and Stephen P. Luby

Subjects
anthrax, Bangladesh, ruminants, vulture, qualitative, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Introduction: From August 2009 to October 2010, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh and the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research together investigated 14 outbreaks of anthrax which included 140 animal and 273 human cases in 14 anthrax-affected villages. Our investigation objectives were to explore the context in which these outbreaks occurred, including livestock rearing practices, human handling of sick and dead animals, and the anthrax vaccination program. Methods: Field anthropologists used qualitative data-collection tools, including 15 hours of unstructured observations, 11 key informant interviews, 32 open-ended interviews, and 6 group discussions in 5 anthrax-affected villages. Results: Each cattle owner in the affected communities raised a median of six ruminants on their household premises. The ruminants were often grazed in pastures and fed supplementary rice straw, green grass, water hyacinth, rice husk, wheat bran, and oil cake; lactating cows were given dicalcium phosphate. Cattle represented a major financial investment. Since Islamic law forbids eating animals that die from natural causes, when anthrax-infected cattle were moribund, farmers often slaughtered them on the household premises while they were still alive so that the meat could be eaten. Farmers ate the meat and sold it to neighbors. Skinners removed and sold the hides from discarded carcasses. Farmers discarded the carcasses and slaughtering waste into ditches, bodies of water, or open fields. Cattle in the affected communities did not receive routine anthrax vaccine due to low production, poor distribution, and limited staffing for vaccination. Conclusion: Slaughtering anthrax-infected animals and disposing of butchering waste and carcasses in environments where ruminants live and graze, combined with limited vaccination, provided a context that permitted repeated anthrax outbreaks in animals and humans. Because of strong financial incentives, slaughtering moribund animals and discarding carcasses and waste products will likely continue. Long-term vaccination coverage for at-risk animal populations may reduce anthrax infection.

Published
2013
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7. High pressure mediated physical properties of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) via DFT calculations

Author

Hossain, M. S., Jahan, N., Hossain, M. M., Uddin, M. M., and Ali, M. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using density functional theory (DFT), the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) borides were studied, considering the pressure effect up to 50 GPa. The lattice constants were found to be decreased with increasing pressure wherein the lattice constants at 0 GPa agree well with the reported values. The stability (mechanical and dynamical) of the titled compounds at different pressures was checked. The mechanical behavior was disclosed considering the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Youngs modulus, Pugh ratio, Poissons ratio, and hardness parameter at different pressures. Pugh and Poisson ratios were used to assess the brittleness and ductility of the titled borides. The anisotropic nature of mechanical properties was studied by calculating different indices and plotting 2D and 3D projections of the elastic moduli. The electronic properties were revealed by calculating the band structure, density of states, and charge density mapping at different pressures, wherein the anisotropic nature of the electronic conductivity was noted. We studied the Debye temperature, minimum thermal conductivity, Gruneisen parameter, and melting temperature of the titled borides at different pressures; the results revealed the improvement of the mentioned properties with rising pressure. The important optical constants to disclose the possible relevance in application purposes were investigated; a little pressure effect was noted. The thermal properties suggest that the titled borides could be used as thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials while the reflectivity spectra revealed their suitability to be used as cover materials for protection from solar heating.

Published
2022
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8. The Role of Granular Materials on The Strength of Granular Piles for Soft Ground Improvement

Author

Hossain, M. S., Shahiduzzaman, M., Ghosh, P. C., Zheng, Zheng, Editor-in-Chief, Xi, Zhiyu, Associate Editor, Gong, Siqian, Series Editor, Hong, Wei-Chiang, Series Editor, Mellal, Mohamed Arezki, Series Editor, Narayanan, Ramadas, Series Editor, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Series Editor, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Series Editor, Sun, Zaicheng, Series Editor, Ullah, Sharif, Series Editor, Wu, Junwei, Series Editor, Zhang, Baochang, Series Editor, Zhang, Wei, Series Editor, Zhu, Quanxin, Series Editor, Zheng, Wei, Series Editor, Rokonuzzaman, Md., editor, Ali, Md. Shahjahan, editor, Hossain, Zahid, editor, and Mizan, Mahmdul Hasan, editor

Published
2024
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9. Physical properties of predicted MAX phase borides Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi): a DFT insight

Author

Hossain, M. S., Ali, M. A., Hossain, M. M., and Uddin, M. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We have used density functional theory to study the recently predicted MAX phase borides Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) in where the mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties have been investigated for the first time. A good agreement of the obtained lattice constants with the reported values confirmed the well accuracy of the present calculations. The stiffness constants (Cij) attest to the mechanical stability of all title compounds. The mechanical behaviors have been scrutinized discreetly by considering the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Youngs modulus, as well as hardness parameters. The brittle nature of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) borides has also been confirmed. The electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) revealed the metallic behavior of the titled materials. The anisotropy in electrical conductivity has been disclosed by considering the energy dispersion along different directions. The variation of Vickers hardness is explained in terms of the total DOS of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi). The anisotropic nature of the mechanical properties of the phases has also been studied. The technologically important parameters (Debye temperature, minimum thermal conductivity, and Gr\"uneisen parameter) have also been used to evaluate the thermal behaviors of the titled materials. The possibility of Hf2AB (A = Pb, Bi) for use as coating materials has been assessed by studying the reflectivity., Comment: 28 pages

Published
2021

10. Energy Efficiency and Hover Time Optimization in UAV-based HetNets

Author

Muntaha, S. T., Hassan, S. A., Jung, H., and Hossain, M. S.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the downlink performance of a three-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet). The objective is to enhance the edge capacity of a macro cell by deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as flying base stations and small cells (SCs) for improving the capacity of indoor users in scenarios such as temporary hotspot regions or during disaster situations where the terrestrial network is either insufficient or out of service. UAVs are energy-constrained devices with a limited flight time, therefore, we formulate a two layer optimization scheme, where we first optimize the power consumption of each tier for enhancing the system energy efficiency (EE) under a minimum quality-of-service (QoS) requirement, which is followed by optimizing the average hover time of UAVs. We obtain the solution to these nonlinear constrained optimization problems by first utilizing the Lagrange multipliers method and then implementing a sub-gradient approach for obtaining convergence. The results show that through optimal power allocation, the system EE improves significantly in comparison to when maximum power is allocated to users (ground cellular users or connected vehicles). The hover time optimization results in increased flight time of UAVs thus providing service for longer durations., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2020

12. Prostate Segmentation from Ultrasound Images using Residual Fully Convolutional Network

Author

Hossain, M. S., Paplinski, A. P., and Betts, J. M.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Medical imaging based prostate cancer diagnosis procedure uses intra-operative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging to visualize the prostate shape and location to collect tissue samples. Correct tissue sampling from prostate requires accurate prostate segmentation in TRUS images. To achieve this, this study uses a novel residual connection based fully convolutional network. The advantage of this segmentation technique is that it requires no pre-processing of TRUS images to perform the segmentation. Thus, it offers a faster and straightforward prostate segmentation from TRUS images. Results show that the proposed technique can achieve around 86% Dice Similarity accuracy using only few TRUS datasets., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019

24. A Comprehensive Review on the Integration of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Development

Author

Hossain, M. S., Kumar, Laveet, Islam, M. M., and Selvaraj, Jeyraj

Subjects
European Union -- Environmental policy, International Energy Agency -- Innovations, Sustainable development, Air quality management -- Innovations, Automobiles, Electric -- Innovations
Abstract

In this article, the concept of an electric vehicle (EV) as a sustainable development (SD) is discussed, and the viability of the development of electric vehicles is assessed. This study broadens the conventional definition of sustainable development by incorporating and prioritizing crucial areas of technology, environment, and policy performance. The proposed review studies have summarized the elements that can promote the integration of electric vehicle technology. The innovation of the EV has just become a modern innovation. At the same time, some obstacles, such as policy and lower adoption, are resisting its goals. To overcome this situation, electric cars have to adopt some innovative approaches that can be another path to success. The review result shows that the proposal discusses the technological advancements of electric vehicles worldwide and paves the way for further improvements. The results also mentioned technological development to reduce emissions and help us understand the impact on the environment and health benefits. However, the summary would be advantageous to both scholars and policymakers, as there is a lack of integrative reviews that assess the global demand and development of EVs simultaneously and collectively. This review would provide insight for investors and policymakers to envisage electric mobility., Author(s): M. S. Hossain [1]; Laveet Kumar [2]; M. M. Islam (corresponding author) [3]; Jeyraj Selvaraj [4] 1. Introduction Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to contribute to the decarbonization [...]

Published
2022
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26. Form factors and volume models for Falcataria moluccanain smallholder plantations, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Author

Oluwajuwon, T. V., Hossain, M. S., Ludjen, A. N., Hasert, D. P., Sitanggang, M., Israel, R., Offiah, C. J., Alawode, G. L., and Ogana, F. N.

Abstract

ABSTRACTFalcataria moluccana(sengon) is grown extensively for timber production in smallholder plantations in Indonesia. However, stem form and volume information necessary for its sustainable forest management, yield estimation and carbon assessment are largely unavailable. Therefore, this study developed form factor and stem volume models for sengon trees in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected using a destructive method from 24 trees across six diameter classes. Two types of form factors, artificial and absolute, were determined, and their relationship with tree growth was established. Four form factor functions were fitted, and the accuracy of volume estimation using a default form factor was compared to the functions. Additionally, 11 stem volume models were developed, and their performance was compared with the commonly used published models. The form factor for sengon was estimated at 0.48, which was higher and more accurate than the absolute form factor. A linear relationship was observed between sengon tree form and growth, particularly with the artificial form factor (R2 = 0.55–0.62). The Pollanschütz function was identified as the best form factor function, accurately predicting form factors for precise tree volume computations. Using the default form factor of 0.5 led to an overestimation of volume by up to 17%. Among the volume models, the power models with diameter as the sole predictor (MD3: V = 0.00018 * DBH2.3817) and with both diameter and height variables (MDH4: V = 0.000095 * DBH1.9974 * H0.6327) were the most accurate. Importantly, the models developed in this study offer improved accuracy compared to existing models from Java, which tend to overestimate stem volume. Therefore, this study provides suitable models and valuable insights for better valuation and management of smallholder sengon plantations in Central Kalimantan and other areas with similar site and stand conditions.

Published
2024
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27. Enhancement of the in-field Jc of MgB2 via SiCl4 doping

Author

Wang, Xiao-Lin, Dou, S. X., Hossain, M. S. A., Cheng, Z. X., Liao, X. Z., Ghorbani, S. R., Yao, Q. W., Kim, J. H., and Silver, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In this work, we present the following important results: 1) We introduce a new Si source, liquid SiCl4, which is free of C, to significantly enhance the irreversibility field (Hirr), the upper critical field (Hc2), and the critical current density (Jc), with little reduction in the critical temperature (Tc). 2) Although Si can not incorporate into the crystal lattice, we found a reduction in the a-axis lattice parameter, to the same extent as for carbon doping. 3) The SiCl4 treated MgB2 shows much higher Jc with superior field dependence above 20 K than undoepd MgB2 and MgB2 doped with various carbon sources. 3) We provide an alternative interpretation for the reduction of the a lattice parameter in C- and non-C doped MgB2. 4). We introduce a new parameter, RHH (Hc2/Hirr), which can clearly reflect the degree of flux pinning enhancement, providing us with guidance for further enhancing Jc. 5) We have found that spatial variation in the charge carrier mean free path is responsible for the flux pinning mechanism in the SiCl4 treated MgB2 with large in-field Jc., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures

Published
2009
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28. Strong enhancement of Jc in binary and alloyed in-situ MgB2 wires by a new approach: Cold high pressure densification

Author

Flukiger, R., Hossain, M. S. A., and Senatore, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Cold high pressure densification (CHPD) is presented as a new way to substantially enhance the critical current density of in situ MgB2 wires at 4.2 and 20 K at fields between 5 and 14 T. The results on two binary MgB2 wires and an alloyed wire with 10 wt.% B4C are presented The strongest enhancement was measured at 20K, where cold densification at 1.85 GPa on a binary Fe/MgB2 wire raised both Jcpara and Jcperp by more than 300% at 5T, while Birr was enhanced by 0.7 T. At 4.2K, the enhancement of Jc was smaller, but still reached 53% at 10 T. After applying pressures up to 6.5 GPa, the mass density dm of the unreacted (B+Mg) mixture inside the filaments reached 96% of the theoretical density. After reaction under atmospheric pressure, this corresponds to a highest mass density df in the MgB2 filaments of 73%. After reaction, the electrical resistance of wires submitted to cold densification was found to decrease, reflecting an improved connectivity. A quantitative correlation between filament mass density and the physical properties was established. Monofilamentary rectangular wires with aspect ratios a/b < 1.25 based on low energy ball milled powders exhibited very low anisotropy ratios, Gamma = Jcpara/Jcperp being < 1.4 at 4.2 K and 10T. The present results can be generalized to alloyed MgB2 wires, as demonstrated on a wire with B4C additives. Based on the present data, it follows that cold densification has the potential of further improving the highest Jcpara and Jcperp values reported so far for in situ MgB2 tapes and wires with SiC and C additives. Investigations are under work in our laboratory to determine whether the densification method CHPD can be applied to longer wire or tape lengths., Comment: Submitted to Superconductors Science and Technology

Published
2009
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31. Improvement of Critical Current Density and Upper Critical Field in MgB2 using Carbohydrate

Author

Kim, J. H., Hossain, M. S. A., Xu, X., Yeoh, W. K., Shi, D. Q., Dou, S. X., Ryu, S., Rindfleisch, M., and Tomsic, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We evaluated the doping effects of carbohydrate (malic acid, C4H6O5), from 0wt% to 30wt% of total MgB2, on the phase, lattice parameters, critical temperature, resistivity, and upper critical field of MgB2 superconductor. The lattice parameters calculated show a large decrease in the a-axis for MgB2 + C4H6O5 samples, but no change in the c-axis. This is an indication of the carbon substitution into boron coming from C4H6O5, resulting in enhancement of resistivity, critical current density, and upper critical field. Specifically, the critical current density value of 25000 Acm2 at 5 K and 8 T for the MgB2 + 30wt% C4H6O5 sample is higher than that of the un-doped MgB2 by a factor of 21. In addition, resistivity value for all the MgB2 + C4H6O5 samples ranged from 80 to 90 microohm centimeter at 40 K, which is higher than for un-doped MgB2. The increased resistivity indicates increased impurity scattering due to carbon, resulting in enhanced upper critical field., Comment: 4 page, 5 figures, ASC2006 conference

Published
2006

32. Strong enhancement of critical current density in MgB2 superconductor using carbohydrate doping

Author

Kim, J. H., Zhou, S., Hossain, M. S. A., Pan, A. V., and Dou, S. X.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

With the relatively high critical temperature (Tc) of 39 K1 and the high critical current density (Jc) of > 100000 A/cm2 in moderate fields, magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconductors could offer the promise of important large-scale and electronic device applications to be operated at 20 K. A significant enhancement in the electromagnetic properties of MgB2 has been achieved through doping with various form of carbon (C). However, doping effect has been limited by the agglomeration of nano-sized dopants and the poor reactivity of C containing dopants with MgB2. Un-reacted dopants result in a reduction of superconductor volume. In this work, we demonstrate the advantages of carbohydrate doping over other dopants, resulting in an increase of in-field Jc by more than one order of magnitude without any degradation of self-field Jc. As there are numerous carbohydrates readily available this finding has significant ramifications not only for the fabrication of MgB2 but also for many C based compounds and composites., Comment: 12 pages, 1 table, 4 figures

Published
2006

36. Violence and hepatitis C transmission in prison-A modified social ecological model.

Author

Hossain M S Sazzad, Luke McCredie, Carla Treloar, Andrew R Lloyd, and Lise Lafferty

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundTransmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among the prisoner population is most frequently associated with sharing of non-sterile injecting equipment. Other blood-to-blood contacts such as tattooing and physical violence are also common in the prison environment, and have been associated with HCV transmission. The context of such non-injecting risk behaviours, particularly violence, is poorly studied. The modified social-ecological model (MSEM) was used to examine HCV transmission risk and violence in the prison setting considering individual, network, community and policy factors.MethodsThe Australian Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study in prisons (HITS-p) cohort enrolled HCV uninfected prisoners with injecting and non-injecting risk behaviours, who were followed up for HCV infection from 2004-2014. Qualitative interviews were conducted within 23 participants; of whom 13 had become HCV infected. Deductive analysis was undertaken to identify violence as risk within prisons among individual, network, community, and public policy levels.ResultsThe risk context for violence and HCV exposure varied across the MSEM. At the individual level, participants were concerned about blood contact during fights, given limited scope to use gloves to prevent blood contamination. At the network level, drug debt and informing on others to correctional authorities, were risk factors for violence and potential HCV transmission. At the community level, racial influence, social groupings, and socially maligned crimes like sexual assault of children were identified as possible triggers for violence. At the policy level, rules and regulations by prison authority influenced the concerns and occurrence of violence and potential HCV transmission.ConclusionContextual concerns regarding violence and HCV transmission were evident at each level of the MSEM. Further evidence-based interventions targeted across the MSEM may reduce prison violence, provide opportunities for HCV prevention when violence occurs and subsequent HCV exposure.

Published
2020
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39. Germination Ability of Different Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress.

Author

NAHER, N., MAHMUD, S., BELL, R. W., ALAM, A. K. M. M., HOSSAIN, M. S., and CHOWDHURY, A. K.

Subjects
PEAS, GERMINATION, ABIOTIC stress, GENOTYPES, AGRICULTURAL research
Abstract

A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Pulses Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), during October to December 2019 to examine the establishment of field pea seedling under the effect of saline condition. The experimental was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The experiment induced two factors, first factors included 34 different field pea cultivars and second factor included four (4) salt concentration of NaCl including control (0 dS m-1), 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1. Experimental result revealed that BARI Motor 1 exhibited the highest germination (98.75%) in control situation (0 dS m-1) and lowest germination percentage was recorded in Natore local 1 (68.75%). BARI Motor 3 gave the highest mean daily germination (27.93%) and seed germination 1.68 seed day-1 under control. The lowest mean daily germination was observed in BD - 6944 (17.42%) genotype and seed germination was found in Natore local 1 (0.95 seed day-1). The maximum germination value was observed in BARI Motor 1 (19.53) genotype and germination vigor index in BD-9047 (16.35 cm) genotype. On the other hand, minimum germination value was observed in Jhikorgasha local (10.0) and minimum germination vigor index was found in Natore local 1 (5.10 cm) and BARI Motorsuti 1 (3.64 cm) in control condition. In this study, it was observed that an increase in salinity stress significantly decreased all the germination parameters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) an Emerging Risk for the Expansion of Maize in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh: A Survey of Farmers' Perception and Practices.

Author

KHATUN, M. M., ALI, M. R., HOSSAIN, M. S., HAQUE, M. M., LATIF, M. A., BELL, R. W., and MAINUDDIN, M.

Subjects
FALL armyworm, COASTS, CORN farming, FARMERS' attitudes, CORN varieties
Abstract

Maize is being promoted as a new Rabi season crop for the coastal zone in Bangladesh, but the spread of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is an emergent threat that needs to be managed. The prevalence of fall armyworm was surveyed in Patuakhali (Kalapara upazila), Barguna (Amtali upazila) and Khulna (Dacope and Batiaghata upazila) districts in coastal Bangladesh using a structured questionnaire and supplemented by a survey of farmer's awareness of this pest and their current management responses. Adult populations were monitored using pheromone traps and larval populations were counted by sampling maize plants from production fields during October 2019 to April 2020. Of the 120 maize growers, 74% had >10 years farming experience but most were illiterate. They mainly cultivated hybrid maize varieties Miracle, NK 40 and BARI hybrid maize 16. All the respondents opined that different stages of maize plants were infested by fall armyworm from seedling stage. The infestation level of fall armyworm increased during February to March and they sprayed chemical insecticides 2-3 times for the management of this pest. Most of the farmers got pest management information from a pesticide retailer. The number of captured moths in pheromone traps gradually increased from December to March at each coastal district. Larvae of S. frugiperda was first observed on the 1st week of January when temperature was low and reached a peak during the 3rd week of March. Increases in maximum temperature and minimum temperature had positive associations with incidence of larvae whereas increasing relative humidity and rainfall exhibited a negative association. In conclusion, maize growers are familiar with S. frugiperda and they used chemical insecticides for the management of this pest. S. frugiperda control measures need to target the period from January and February. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Current Trends of Conservative Management of Blunt Abdominal Solid Organ Injury

Author

Faroque, M. O, Tuli, F. A, Bhuiyan, M. J. K, Talukdar, T, Sarwar, S. M, Hossain, M. A, Hossain, M. S, and Karmakar, P. K

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Introduction: Bangladesh is one of the most densely inhabited countries in the world. Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of morbidity, and the incidence of blunt abdominal injuries is on the rise. Over the last several years, the treatment of blunt abdominal injury (BAI) has changed dramatically. Conservative or non-operative treatment (NOM) of liver, spleen, and kidney injuries has proven to be quite effective. Methods of study: A prospective observational study was done in Dhaka medical college with 50 consecutive patients included from January 2010 to June 2010. Results: Within the 50 consecutive patients 88% were male, and 64% were motor vehicular crashes. 26 patients (52%) had a liver injury; 5 (10%) had a renal injury; 7 (14%) had a splenic injury and 3 (6%) had a pancreatic injury; 9(18%), 2 patients (4%) had both liver and spleen injury, 3 patients (6%) had both spleen and kidney injury. 39 (78%) patients were managed successfully by a conservative approach. Compared with these patients who underwent non-operative management (NOM) initially, patients in the operative group had a higher injury severity score. (p < 0.001). Twenty-seven patients (high risk) were successfully treated without surgery. No serious complication was found on routine image follow-up. Conclusion: Conservative or non-operative management of blunt abdominal solid organ injury in hemodynamically stable patients is highly successful in many fields when compared with the operative group, including the outcomes of morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay.

Published
2022

46. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ong, K, Stafford, L, Mclaughlin, S, Boyko, E, Vollset, S, Smith, A, Dalton, B, Duprey, J, Cruz, J, Hagins, H, Lindstedt, P, Aali, A, Abate, Y, Abate, M, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abd-Rabu, R, Abdulah, D, Abdullah, A, Abedi, V, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Zaid, A, Adane, T, Adane, D, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, A, Adnani, Q, Afolabi, R, Agarwal, G, Aghdam, Z, Agudelo-Botero, M, Aguilera Arriagada, C, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, R, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Akinyemi, R, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, AL-Ahdal, T, Alalwan, T, Al-Aly, Z, Albataineh, M, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemi, S, Ali, H, Alinia, T, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, F, Ameyaw, E, Amiri, S, Amusa, G, Andrei, C, Anjana, R, Ansar, A, Ansari, G, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Aravkin, A, Areda, D, Arifin, H, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arnlov, J, Artamonov, A, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Aryan, Z, Asemu, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Askari, E, Asmelash, D, Astell-Burt, T, Athar, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awaisu, A, Azadnajafabad, S, B, D, Babamohamadi, H, Badar, M, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadory, S, Bai, R, Baig, A, Baltatu, O, Baradaran, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Barengo, N, Barnighausen, T, Barone, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bashiri, H, Basiru, A, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Batra, K, Bayih, M, Bayileyegn, N, Behnoush, A, Bekele, A, Belete, M, Belgaumi, U, Belo, L, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Berhie, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, A, Bhatti, J, Bikbov, B, Bilal, F, Bintoro, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitra, V, Bjegovic-Mikanovic, V, Bodolica, V, Boloor, A, Brauer, M, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Brenner, H, Butt, Z, Calina, D, Campos, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, Y, Cao, C, Car, J, Carvalho, M, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chandrasekar, E, Chanie, G, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chauhan, K, Cheema, H, Chekol Abebe, E, Chen, S, Cherbuin, N, Chichagi, F, Chidambaram, S, Cho, W, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, R, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, S, Coberly, K, Columbus, A, Contreras, D, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuschieri, S, Dabo, B, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Das, S, Dascalu, A, Dash, N, Dashti, M, Davila-Cervantes, C, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, Debele, G, Delpasand, K, Demisse, F, Demissie, G, Deng, X, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deo, S, Dervisevic, E, Desai, H, Desale, A, Dessie, A, Desta, F, Dewan, S, Dey, S, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Diao, N, Diaz, D, Dinu, M, Diress, M, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Dongarwar, D, dos Santos Figueiredo, F, Duncan, B, Dutta, S, Dziedzic, A, Edinur, H, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elmeligy, O, Elmonem, M, Endeshaw, D, Esayas, H, Eshetu, H, Etaee, F, Fadhil, I, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahim, A, Falahi, S, Faris, M, Farrokhpour, H, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fazli, G, Feng, X, Ferede, T, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Forouhari, A, Foroumadi, R, Foroutan Koudehi, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Gaipov, A, Galali, Y, Ganesan, B, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gautam, R, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebrekidan, K, Gebremeskel, T, Getacher, L, Ghadirian, F, Ghamari, S, Ghasemi Nour, M, Ghassemi, F, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gopalani, S, Guadie, H, Guan, S, Gudayu, T, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, K, Gupta, V, Gyawali, B, Haddadi, R, Hadi, N, Haile, T, Hajibeygi, R, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hannan, M, Haque, S, Harandi, H, Harlianto, N, Hasan, S, Hasani, H, Hassanipour, S, Hassen, M, Haubold, J, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hessami, K, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Hossain, S, Hossain, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Huang, J, Huda, M, Hussain, S, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ikeda, N, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, A, Islam, S, Islam, R, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Iyasu, A, Jacob, L, Jafarzadeh, A, Jahrami, H, Jain, R, Jaja, C, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Janakiraman, B, Jayanna, K, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeong, W, Jin, Y, Jokar, M, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joseph, A, Joshua, C, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, R, Kadashetti, V, Kahe, F, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karkhah, S, Katoto, P, Kaur, N, Kazemian, S, Kebede, S, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khan, M, Khan, A, Khanal, S, Khatatbeh, M, Khater, A, Khateri, S, Khorashadizadeh, F, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, B, Kim, M, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Kolahi, A, Komaki, S, Kompani, F, Koohestani, H, Korzh, O, Kostev, K, Kothari, N, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kuate Defo, B, Kuddus, M, Kumar, R, Kumar, H, Kundu, S, Kurniasari, M, Kuttikkattu, A, La Vecchia, C, Lallukka, T, Larijani, B, Larsson, A, Latief, K, Lawal, B, Le, T, Lee, S, Lee, M, Lee, W, Lee, P, Legesse, S, Lenzi, J, Li, Y, Li, M, Lim, S, Lim, L, Liu, X, Liu, C, Lo, C, Lopes, G, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Maghazachi, A, Mahasha, P, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, M, Mahmoudi, R, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Mai, A, Majeed, A, Majma Sanaye, P, Makris, K, Malhotra, K, Malik, A, Malik, I, Mallhi, T, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Marateb, H, Mardi, P, Martini, S, Martorell, M, Marzo, R, Masoudi, R, Masoudi, S, Mathews, E, Maugeri, A, Mazzaglia, G, Mekonnen, T, Meshkat, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Minh, L, Mini, G, Miranda, J, Mirfakhraie, R, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Misganaw, A, Misgina, K, Mishra, M, Moazen, B, Mohamed, N, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadshahi, M, Mohseni, A, Mojiri-forushani, H, Mokdad, A, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moniruzzaman, M, Mons, U, Montazeri, F, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, Y, Moradi, M, Moradi Sarabi, M, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, S, Morze, J, Mossialos, E, Mostafavi, E, Mueller, U, Mulita, F, Mulita, A, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musa, K, Mwita, J, Nagaraju, S, Naghavi, M, Nainu, F, Nair, T, Najmuldeen, H, Nangia, V, Nargus, S, Naser, A, Nassereldine, H, Natto, Z, Nauman, J, Nayak, B, Ndejjo, R, Negash, H, Negoi, R, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, V, Niazi, R, Nigatu, Y, Ningrum, D, Nizam, M, Nnyanzi, L, Noreen, M, Noubiap, J, Nzoputam, O, Nzoputam, C, Oancea, B, Odogwu, N, Odukoya, O, Ojha, V, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Okonji, O, Okwute, P, Olufadewa, I, Onwujekwe, O, Ordak, M, Ortiz, A, Osuagwu, U, Oulhaj, A, Owolabi, M, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pantea Stoian, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Parekh, U, Pasovic, M, Patel, J, Paudel, U, Pepito, V, Pereira, M, Perico, N, Perna, S, Petcu, I, Petermann-Rocha, F, Podder, V, Postma, M, Pourali, G, Pourtaheri, N, Prates, E, Qadir, M, Qattea, I, Raee, P, Rafique, I, Rahimi, M, Rahimifard, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, M, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, V, Rahmawaty, S, Rahnavard, N, Rajbhandari, B, Ram, P, Ramazanu, S, Rana, J, Rancic, N, Ranjha, M, Rao, C, Rapaka, D, Rasali, D, Rashedi, S, Rashedi, V, Rashid, A, Rashidi, M, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Redwan, E, Remuzzi, G, Rengasamy, K, Renzaho, A, Reyes, L, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, M, Rezazadeh, H, Riahi, S, Rias, Y, Riaz, M, Ribeiro, D, Rodrigues, M, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Roshandel, G, Roustazadeh, A, Rwegerera, G, Saad, A, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Sabzmakan, L, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeed, U, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safi, S, Saghazadeh, A, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Saheb Sharif-Askari, F, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, S, Sahoo, H, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Sajid, M, Salahi, S, Saleh, M, Salehi, M, Salomon, J, Sanabria, J, Sanjeev, R, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarasmita, M, Sargazi, S, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schuermans, A, Seidu, A, Senthil Kumar, N, Sepanlou, S, Sethi, Y, Seylani, A, Shabany, M, Shafaghat, T, Shafeghat, M, Shafie, M, Shah, N, Shahid, S, Shaikh, M, Shanawaz, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharfaei, S, Shashamo, B, Shiri, R, Shittu, A, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shobeiri, P, Shokri, F, Shuval, K, Sibhat, M, Silva, L, Simpson, C, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, S, Siraj, M, Skryabina, A, Sohag, A, Soleimani, H, Solikhah, S, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Somayaji, R, Sorensen, R, Starodubova, A, Sujata, S, Suleman, M, Sun, J, Sundstrom, J, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, S, Tabatabaeizadeh, S, Tabish, M, Taheri, M, Taheri, E, Taki, E, Tamuzi, J, Tan, K, Tat, N, Taye, B, Temesgen, W, Temsah, M, Tesler, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, K, Thapa, R, Tharwat, S, Thomas, N, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Trico, D, Trihandini, I, Tripathy, J, Tromans, S, Tsegay, G, Tualeka, A, Tufa, D, Tyrovolas, S, Ullah, S, Upadhyay, E, Vahabi, S, Govindaraj Vaithinathan, A, Valizadeh, R, van Daalen, K, Vart, P, Varthya, S, Vasankari, T, Vaziri, S, Verma, M, Verras, G, Vo, D, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wassie, G, Wei, M, Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, Y, Wulandari, R, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Yada, D, Yang, L, Yatsuya, H, Yesiltepe, M, Yi, S, Yohannis, H, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Zaman, S, Zamora, N, Zare, I, Zarea, K, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeru, N, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Zielinska, M, Zikarg, Y, Zodpey, S, Zoladl, M, Zou, Z, Zumla, A, Zuniga, Y, Magliano, D, Murray, C, Hay, S, Vos, T, Ong K. L., Stafford L. K., McLaughlin S. A., Boyko E. J., Vollset S. E., Smith A. E., Dalton B. E., Duprey J., Cruz J. A., Hagins H., Lindstedt P. A., Aali A., Abate Y. H., Abate M. D., Abbasian M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd ElHafeez S., Abd-Rabu R., Abdulah D. M., Abdullah A. Y. M., Abedi V., Abidi H., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abu-Zaid A., Adane T. D., Adane D. E., Addo I. Y., Adegboye O. A., Adekanmbi V., Adepoju A. V., Adnani Q. E. S., Afolabi R. F., Agarwal G., Aghdam Z. B., Agudelo-Botero M., Aguilera Arriagada C. E., Agyemang-Duah W., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad D., Ahmad R., Ahmad S., Ahmad A., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A., Ahmed L. A., Ahmed S. A., Ajami M., Akinyemi R. O., Al Hamad H., Al Hasan S. M., AL-Ahdal T. M. A., Alalwan T. A., Al-Aly Z., AlBataineh M. T., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alemi S., Ali H., Alinia T., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare F., Ameyaw E. K., Amiri S., Amusa G. A., Andrei C. L., Anjana R. M., Ansar A., Ansari G., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Aravkin A. Y., Areda D., Arifin H., Arkew M., Armocida B., Arnlov J., Artamonov A. A., Arulappan J., Aruleba R. T., Arumugam A., Aryan Z., Asemu M. T., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Askari E., Asmelash D., Astell-Burt T., Athar M., Athari S. S., Atout M. M. W., Avila-Burgos L., Awaisu A., Azadnajafabad S., B D. B., Babamohamadi H., Badar M., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Baghcheghi N., Bagheri N., Bagherieh S., Bah S., Bahadory S., Bai R., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Baradaran H. R., Barchitta M., Bardhan M., Barengo N. C., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bashiri H., Basiru A., Basu S., Batiha A. -M. M., Batra K., Bayih M. T., Bayileyegn N. S., Behnoush A. H., Bekele A. B., Belete M. A., Belgaumi U. I., Belo L., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berhe K., Berhie A. Y., Bhaskar S., Bhat A. N., Bhatti J. S., Bikbov B., Bilal F., Bintoro B. S., Bitaraf S., Bitra V. R., Bjegovic-Mikanovic V., Bodolica V., Boloor A., Brauer M., Brazo-Sayavera J., Brenner H., Butt Z. A., Calina D., Campos L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cao Y., Cao C., Car J., Carvalho M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chadwick J., Chandrasekar E. K., Chanie G. S., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chauhan K., Cheema H. A., Chekol Abebe E., Chen S., Cherbuin N., Chichagi F., Chidambaram S. B., Cho W. C. S., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury R., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Chukwu I. S., Chung S. -C., Coberly K., Columbus A., Contreras D., Cousin E., Criqui M. H., Cruz-Martins N., Cuschieri S., Dabo B., Dadras O., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona R., Dandona L., Das S., Dascalu A. M., Dash N. R., Dashti M., Davila-Cervantes C. A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., Debele G. R., Delpasand K., Demisse F. W., Demissie G. D., Deng X., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deo S. V., Dervisevic E., Desai H. D., Desale A. T., Dessie A. M., Desta F., Dewan S. M. R., Dey S., Dhama K., Dhimal M., Diao N., Diaz D., Dinu M., Diress M., Djalalinia S., Doan L. P., Dongarwar D., dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Duncan B. B., Dutta S., Dziedzic A. M., Edinur H. A., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Huneidi W., Elmeligy O. A. A., Elmonem M. A., Endeshaw D., Esayas H. L., Eshetu H. B., Etaee F., Fadhil I., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fahim A., Falahi S., Faris M. E. M., Farrokhpour H., Farzadfar F., Fatehizadeh A., Fazli G., Feng X., Ferede T. Y., Fischer F., Flood D., Forouhari A., Foroumadi R., Foroutan Koudehi M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaihre S., Gaipov A., Galali Y., Ganesan B., Garcia-Gordillo M. A., Gautam R. K., Gebrehiwot M., Gebrekidan K. G., Gebremeskel T. G., Getacher L., Ghadirian F., Ghamari S. -H., Ghasemi Nour M., Ghassemi F., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gopalani S. V., Guadie H. A., Guan S. -Y., Gudayu T. W., Guimaraes R. A., Guled R. A., Gupta R., Gupta K., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gyawali B., Haddadi R., Hadi N. R., Haile T. G., Hajibeygi R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hannan M. A., Haque S., Harandi H., Harlianto N. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hasan S. S., Hasani H., Hassanipour S., Hassen M. B., Haubold J., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Hessami K., Hiraike Y., Holla R., Hossain S., Hossain M. S., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseinzadeh M., Hosseinzadeh H., Huang J., Huda M. N., Hussain S., Huynh H. -H., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ikeda N., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal A., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Itumalla R., Iwagami M., Iwu C. C. D., Iyamu I. O., Iyasu A. N., Jacob L., Jafarzadeh A., Jahrami H., Jain R., Jaja C., Jamalpoor Z., Jamshidi E., Janakiraman B., Jayanna K., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jeong W., Jin Y., Jokar M., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joseph A., Joshua C. E., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabthymer R. H., Kadashetti V., Kahe F., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Karanth S. D., Karaye I. M., Karkhah S., Katoto P. D., Kaur N., Kazemian S., Kebede S. A., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khalaji A., Khan M. A., Khan M., Khan A., Khanal S., Khatatbeh M. M., Khater A. M., Khateri S., khorashadizadeh F., Khubchandani J., Kibret B. G., Kim M. S., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolahi A. -A., Komaki S., Kompani F., Koohestani H. R., Korzh O., Kostev K., Kothari N., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy Y., Kuate Defo B., Kuddus M., Kuddus M. A., Kumar R., Kumar H., Kundu S., Kurniasari M. D., Kuttikkattu A., La Vecchia C., Lallukka T., Larijani B., Larsson A. O., Latief K., Lawal B. K., Le T. T. T., Le T. T. B., Lee S. W. H., Lee M., Lee W. -C., Lee P. H., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W., Legesse S. M., Lenzi J., Li Y., Li M. -C., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Liu X., Liu C., Lo C. -H., Lopes G., Lorkowski S., Lozano R., Lucchetti G., Maghazachi A. A., Mahasha P. W., Mahjoub S., Mahmoud M. A., Mahmoudi R., Mahmoudimanesh M., Mai A. T., Majeed A., Majma Sanaye P., Makris K. C., Malhotra K., Malik A. A., Malik I., Mallhi T. H., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansouri B., Marateb H. R., Mardi P., Martini S., Martorell M., Marzo R. R., Masoudi R., Masoudi S., Mathews E., Maugeri A., Mazzaglia G., Mekonnen T., Meshkat M., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Minh L. H. N., Mini G. K., Miranda J. J., Mirfakhraie R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A., Misgina K. H., Mishra M., Moazen B., Mohamed N. S., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadshahi M., Mohseni A., Mojiri-forushani H., Mokdad A. H., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moniruzzaman M., Mons U., Montazeri F., Moodi Ghalibaf A., Moradi Y., Moradi M., Moradi Sarabi M., Morovatdar N., Morrison S. D., Morze J., Mossialos E., Mostafavi E., Mueller U. O., Mulita F., Mulita A., Murillo-Zamora E., Musa K. I., Mwita J. C., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Nainu F., Nair T. S., Najmuldeen H. H. R., Nangia V., Nargus S., Naser A. Y., Nassereldine H., Natto Z. S., Nauman J., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Negash H., Negoi R. I., Nguyen H. T. H., Nguyen D. H., Nguyen P. T., Nguyen V. T., Nguyen H. Q., Niazi R. K., Nigatu Y. T., Ningrum D. N. A., Nizam M. A., Nnyanzi L. A., Noreen M., Noubiap J. J., Nzoputam O. J., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Odogwu N. M., Odukoya O. O., Ojha V. A., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Okonji O. C., Okwute P. G., Olufadewa I. I., Onwujekwe O. E., Ordak M., Ortiz A., Osuagwu U. L., Oulhaj A., Owolabi M. O., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pantea Stoian A. M., Pardhan S., Parekh T., Parekh U., Pasovic M., Patel J., Patel J. R., Paudel U., Pepito V. C. F., Pereira M., Perico N., Perna S., Petcu I. -R., Petermann-Rocha F. E., Podder V., Postma M. J., Pourali G., Pourtaheri N., Prates E. J. S., Qadir M. M. F., Qattea I., Raee P., Rafique I., Rahimi M., Rahimifard M., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. O., Rahman M. A., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M., Rahman M. M., Rahmani M., Rahmani S., Rahmanian V., Rahmawaty S., Rahnavard N., Rajbhandari B., Ram P., Ramazanu S., Rana J., Rancic N., Ranjha M. M. A. N., Rao C. R., Rapaka D., Rasali D. P., Rashedi S., Rashedi V., Rashid A. M., Rashidi M. -M., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Redwan E. M. M., Remuzzi G., Rengasamy K. R., Renzaho A. M. N., Reyes L. F., Rezaei N., Rezaeian M., Rezazadeh H., Riahi S. M., Rias Y. A., Riaz M., Ribeiro D., Rodrigues M., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Rohloff P., Roshandel G., Roustazadeh A., Rwegerera G. M., Saad A. M. A., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sabzmakan L., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeed U., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safi S., Safi S. Z., Saghazadeh A., Saheb Sharif-Askari N., Saheb Sharif-Askari F., Sahebkar A., Sahoo S. S., Sahoo H., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Sajid M. R., Salahi S., Saleh M. A., Salehi M. A., Salomon J. A., Sanabria J., Sanjeev R. K., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarasmita M. 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R., Trico D., Trihandini I., Tripathy J. P., Tromans S. J., Tsegay G. M., Tualeka A. R., Tufa D. G., Tyrovolas S., Ullah S., Upadhyay E., Vahabi S. M., Govindaraj Vaithinathan A., Valizadeh R., van Daalen K. R., Vart P., Varthya S. B., Vasankari T. J., Vaziri S., Verma M. V., Verras G. -I., Vo D. C., Wagaye B., Waheed Y., Wang Z., Wang Y., Wang C., Wang F., Wassie G. T., Wei M. Y. W., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wu Y., Wulandari R. D., Xia J., Xiao H., Xu S., Xu X., Yada D. Y., Yang L., Yatsuya H., Yesiltepe M., Yi S., Yohannis H. K., Yonemoto N., You Y., Zaman S. B., Zamora N., Zare I., Zarea K., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeru N. G., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zhou J., Zielinska M., Zikarg Y. T., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Zou Z., Zumla A., Zuniga Y. M. H., Magliano D. J., Murray C. J. L., Hay S. 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L., Anjana R. M., Ansar A., Ansari G., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Aravkin A. Y., Areda D., Arifin H., Arkew M., Armocida B., Arnlov J., Artamonov A. A., Arulappan J., Aruleba R. T., Arumugam A., Aryan Z., Asemu M. T., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Askari E., Asmelash D., Astell-Burt T., Athar M., Athari S. S., Atout M. M. W., Avila-Burgos L., Awaisu A., Azadnajafabad S., B D. B., Babamohamadi H., Badar M., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Baghcheghi N., Bagheri N., Bagherieh S., Bah S., Bahadory S., Bai R., Baig A. A., Baltatu O. C., Baradaran H. R., Barchitta M., Bardhan M., Barengo N. C., Barnighausen T. W., Barone M. T. U., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bashiri H., Basiru A., Basu S., Batiha A. -M. M., Batra K., Bayih M. T., Bayileyegn N. S., Behnoush A. H., Bekele A. B., Belete M. A., Belgaumi U. I., Belo L., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berhe K., Berhie A. Y., Bhaskar S., Bhat A. N., Bhatti J. S., Bikbov B., Bilal F., Bintoro B. S., Bitaraf S., Bitra V. R., Bjegovic-Mikanovic V., Bodolica V., Boloor A., Brauer M., Brazo-Sayavera J., Brenner H., Butt Z. A., Calina D., Campos L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cao Y., Cao C., Car J., Carvalho M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chadwick J., Chandrasekar E. K., Chanie G. S., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chauhan K., Cheema H. A., Chekol Abebe E., Chen S., Cherbuin N., Chichagi F., Chidambaram S. B., Cho W. C. S., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury R., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Chukwu I. S., Chung S. -C., Coberly K., Columbus A., Contreras D., Cousin E., Criqui M. H., Cruz-Martins N., Cuschieri S., Dabo B., Dadras O., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona R., Dandona L., Das S., Dascalu A. M., Dash N. R., Dashti M., Davila-Cervantes C. A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., Debele G. R., Delpasand K., Demisse F. W., Demissie G. D., Deng X., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deo S. V., Dervisevic E., Desai H. D., Desale A. T., Dessie A. M., Desta F., Dewan S. M. R., Dey S., Dhama K., Dhimal M., Diao N., Diaz D., Dinu M., Diress M., Djalalinia S., Doan L. P., Dongarwar D., dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Duncan B. B., Dutta S., Dziedzic A. M., Edinur H. A., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Huneidi W., Elmeligy O. A. A., Elmonem M. A., Endeshaw D., Esayas H. L., Eshetu H. B., Etaee F., Fadhil I., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fahim A., Falahi S., Faris M. E. M., Farrokhpour H., Farzadfar F., Fatehizadeh A., Fazli G., Feng X., Ferede T. Y., Fischer F., Flood D., Forouhari A., Foroumadi R., Foroutan Koudehi M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaihre S., Gaipov A., Galali Y., Ganesan B., Garcia-Gordillo M. A., Gautam R. K., Gebrehiwot M., Gebrekidan K. G., Gebremeskel T. G., Getacher L., Ghadirian F., Ghamari S. -H., Ghasemi Nour M., Ghassemi F., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gopalani S. V., Guadie H. A., Guan S. -Y., Gudayu T. W., Guimaraes R. A., Guled R. A., Gupta R., Gupta K., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gyawali B., Haddadi R., Hadi N. R., Haile T. G., Hajibeygi R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hannan M. A., Haque S., Harandi H., Harlianto N. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hasan S. S., Hasani H., Hassanipour S., Hassen M. B., Haubold J., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Hessami K., Hiraike Y., Holla R., Hossain S., Hossain M. S., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseinzadeh M., Hosseinzadeh H., Huang J., Huda M. N., Hussain S., Huynh H. -H., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ikeda N., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal A., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Itumalla R., Iwagami M., Iwu C. C. D., Iyamu I. O., Iyasu A. N., Jacob L., Jafarzadeh A., Jahrami H., Jain R., Jaja C., Jamalpoor Z., Jamshidi E., Janakiraman B., Jayanna K., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jeong W., Jin Y., Jokar M., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joseph A., Joshua C. E., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabthymer R. H., Kadashetti V., Kahe F., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Karanth S. D., Karaye I. M., Karkhah S., Katoto P. D., Kaur N., Kazemian S., Kebede S. A., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khalaji A., Khan M. A., Khan M., Khan A., Khanal S., Khatatbeh M. M., Khater A. M., Khateri S., khorashadizadeh F., Khubchandani J., Kibret B. G., Kim M. S., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolahi A. -A., Komaki S., Kompani F., Koohestani H. R., Korzh O., Kostev K., Kothari N., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy Y., Kuate Defo B., Kuddus M., Kuddus M. A., Kumar R., Kumar H., Kundu S., Kurniasari M. D., Kuttikkattu A., La Vecchia C., Lallukka T., Larijani B., Larsson A. O., Latief K., Lawal B. K., Le T. T. T., Le T. T. B., Lee S. W. H., Lee M., Lee W. -C., Lee P. H., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W., Legesse S. M., Lenzi J., Li Y., Li M. -C., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Liu X., Liu C., Lo C. -H., Lopes G., Lorkowski S., Lozano R., Lucchetti G., Maghazachi A. A., Mahasha P. W., Mahjoub S., Mahmoud M. A., Mahmoudi R., Mahmoudimanesh M., Mai A. T., Majeed A., Majma Sanaye P., Makris K. C., Malhotra K., Malik A. A., Malik I., Mallhi T. H., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansouri B., Marateb H. R., Mardi P., Martini S., Martorell M., Marzo R. R., Masoudi R., Masoudi S., Mathews E., Maugeri A., Mazzaglia G., Mekonnen T., Meshkat M., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Minh L. H. N., Mini G. K., Miranda J. J., Mirfakhraie R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A., Misgina K. H., Mishra M., Moazen B., Mohamed N. S., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadshahi M., Mohseni A., Mojiri-forushani H., Mokdad A. H., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moniruzzaman M., Mons U., Montazeri F., Moodi Ghalibaf A., Moradi Y., Moradi M., Moradi Sarabi M., Morovatdar N., Morrison S. D., Morze J., Mossialos E., Mostafavi E., Mueller U. O., Mulita F., Mulita A., Murillo-Zamora E., Musa K. I., Mwita J. C., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Nainu F., Nair T. S., Najmuldeen H. H. R., Nangia V., Nargus S., Naser A. Y., Nassereldine H., Natto Z. S., Nauman J., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Negash H., Negoi R. I., Nguyen H. T. H., Nguyen D. H., Nguyen P. T., Nguyen V. T., Nguyen H. Q., Niazi R. K., Nigatu Y. T., Ningrum D. N. A., Nizam M. A., Nnyanzi L. A., Noreen M., Noubiap J. J., Nzoputam O. J., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Odogwu N. M., Odukoya O. O., Ojha V. A., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Okonji O. C., Okwute P. G., Olufadewa I. I., Onwujekwe O. E., Ordak M., Ortiz A., Osuagwu U. L., Oulhaj A., Owolabi M. O., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pantea Stoian A. M., Pardhan S., Parekh T., Parekh U., Pasovic M., Patel J., Patel J. R., Paudel U., Pepito V. C. F., Pereira M., Perico N., Perna S., Petcu I. -R., Petermann-Rocha F. E., Podder V., Postma M. J., Pourali G., Pourtaheri N., Prates E. J. S., Qadir M. M. F., Qattea I., Raee P., Rafique I., Rahimi M., Rahimifard M., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. O., Rahman M. A., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M., Rahman M. M., Rahmani M., Rahmani S., Rahmanian V., Rahmawaty S., Rahnavard N., Rajbhandari B., Ram P., Ramazanu S., Rana J., Rancic N., Ranjha M. M. A. N., Rao C. R., Rapaka D., Rasali D. P., Rashedi S., Rashedi V., Rashid A. M., Rashidi M. -M., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Redwan E. M. M., Remuzzi G., Rengasamy K. R., Renzaho A. M. N., Reyes L. F., Rezaei N., Rezaeian M., Rezazadeh H., Riahi S. M., Rias Y. A., Riaz M., Ribeiro D., Rodrigues M., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Rohloff P., Roshandel G., Roustazadeh A., Rwegerera G. M., Saad A. M. A., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sabzmakan L., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeed U., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safi S., Safi S. Z., Saghazadeh A., Saheb Sharif-Askari N., Saheb Sharif-Askari F., Sahebkar A., Sahoo S. S., Sahoo H., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Sajid M. R., Salahi S., Saleh M. A., Salehi M. A., Salomon J. A., Sanabria J., Sanjeev R. K., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarasmita M. A., Sargazi S., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sawhney M., Schlaich M. P., Schmidt M. I., Schuermans A., Seidu A. -A., Senthil Kumar N., Sepanlou S. G., Sethi Y., Seylani A., Shabany M., Shafaghat T., Shafeghat M., Shafie M., Shah N. S., Shahid S., Shaikh M. A., Shanawaz M., Shannawaz M., Sharfaei S., Shashamo B. B., Shiri R., Shittu A., Shivakumar K. M., Shivalli S., Shobeiri P., Shokri F., Shuval K., Sibhat M. M., Silva L. M. L. R., Simpson C. R., Singh J. A., Singh P., Singh S., Siraj M. S., Skryabina A. A., Sohag A. A. M., Soleimani H., Solikhah S., Soltani-Zangbar M. S., Somayaji R., Sorensen R. J. D., Starodubova A. V., Sujata S., Suleman M., Sun J., Sundstrom J., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabatabaei S. M., Tabatabaeizadeh S. -A., Tabish M., Taheri M., Taheri E., Taki E., Tamuzi J. J. L., Tan K. -K., Tat N. Y., Taye B. T., Temesgen W. A., Temsah M. -H., Tesler R., Thangaraju P., Thankappan K. R., Thapa R., Tharwat S., Thomas N., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Trico D., Trihandini I., Tripathy J. P., Tromans S. J., Tsegay G. M., Tualeka A. R., Tufa D. G., Tyrovolas S., Ullah S., Upadhyay E., Vahabi S. M., Govindaraj Vaithinathan A., Valizadeh R., van Daalen K. R., Vart P., Varthya S. B., Vasankari T. J., Vaziri S., Verma M. V., Verras G. -I., Vo D. C., Wagaye B., Waheed Y., Wang Z., Wang Y., Wang C., Wang F., Wassie G. T., Wei M. Y. W., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wu Y., Wulandari R. D., Xia J., Xiao H., Xu S., Xu X., Yada D. Y., Yang L., Yatsuya H., Yesiltepe M., Yi S., Yohannis H. K., Yonemoto N., You Y., Zaman S. B., Zamora N., Zare I., Zarea K., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeru N. G., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zhou J., Zielinska M., Zikarg Y. T., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Zou Z., Zumla A., Zuniga Y. M. H., Magliano D. J., Murray C. J. L., Hay S. I., and Vos T.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparativ

Published
2023

47. Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Shin, Y, Hwang, J, Kwon, R, Lee, S, Kim, M, Abate, Y, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdulah, D, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abrams, E, Abtew, Y, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adane, D, Adane, T, Addo, I, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adnani, Q, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Al-Azzam, S, Alhalaiqa, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Altaany, Z, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aly, H, Ansar, A, Arulappan, J, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Athari, S, Atlaw, D, Aujayeb, A, Azadnajafabad, S, Babaei, M, Babamohamadi, H, Badawi, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Bajbouj, K, Banach, M, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Bayileyegn, N, Bensenor, I, Berhie, A, Beyene, K, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Bikov, A, Cai, J, Camargos, P, Car, J, Carr, S, Carugno, A, Chakraborty, P, Chan, J, Charalampous, P, Chashmyazdan, M, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Corso, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Demeke, D, Demisse, B, Diaz, D, Diress, M, Dongarwar, D, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, O, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fakhradiyev, I, Fatehizadeh, A, Fatima, S, Feng, X, Fereidouni, M, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaipov, A, Gela, Y, Obsa, A, Ghadirian, F, Ghamari, S, Ghozy, S, Gillum, R, Gizaw, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hannan, M, Hasaballah, A, Hasani, H, Hashi, A, Hassen, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hussain, S, Hwang, B, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irilouzadian, R, Ismail, N, Ispayeva, Z, Iwu, C, Linda Merin, J, Jajarmi, M, Jamshidi, E, Janodia, M, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, Z, Kaliyadan, F, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Karimi, H, Kaur, H, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khanal, S, Khatatbeh, M, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, B, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolkhir, P, Kompani, F, Koohestani, H, Korzh, O, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuehni, C, Kumar, G, Kurmi, O, Kutikuppala, L, Kuttikkattu, A, Lam, J, Larijani, B, Latief, K, Lauriola, P, Le, T, Lee, Y, Lenzi, J, Li, M, Li, S, Ligade, V, Lim, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Lo, C, Lopes, G, Mahalingam, S, Maharaj, S, Mahmoud, M, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Masoumi, S, Maugeri, A, Medina, J, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Mentis, A, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Minh, L, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moniruzzaman, M, Mulugeta, T, Munblit, D, Murillo-Zamora, E, Mustafa, G, Nair, T, Nangia, V, Swamy, S, Nassereldine, H, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Ng, T, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, V, Niazi, R, Nouraei, H, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Obaidur, R, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okonji, O, Okwute, P, Olagunju, A, Olufadewa, I, Orru, H, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Patel, J, Patil, S, Patthipati, V, Paudel, U, Pereira, M, Pereira, R, Petcu, I, Podder, I, Podder, V, Mohammad, A, Qattea, I, Rabiee, N, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, V, Rajput, P, Ram, P, Ramasubramani, P, Rao, I, Rashid, A, Ratan, Z, Ravikumar, N, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Redwan, E, Regmi, A, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Ronfani, L, Saad, A, Saddik, B, Saeed, U, Sagoe, D, Sharif-Askari, F, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sajid, M, Sakshaug, J, Salahi, S, Salehi, S, Samy, A, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarasmita, M, Sarkhosh, M, Saya, G, Senthilkumaran, S, Shah, H, Shaikh, M, Shanawaz, M, Sheikh, A, Shekhar, S, Shigematsu, M, Shobeiri, P, Shorofi, S, Sibhat, M, Simpson, C, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, S, Singh, V, Siraj, M, Skryabina, A, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Steiropoulos, P, Szeto, M, Talaat, I, Tamuzi, J, Tan, K, Tat, N, Temsah, M, Terefa, D, Tesler, R, Thangaraju, P, Ticoalu, J, Tillawi, T, Tran, M, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Upadhyay, E, Vahabi, S, van Boven, J, Vasankari, T, Verras, G, Vieira, R, Violante, F, Vos, T, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Williams, H, Yada, D, Yismaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zar, H, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zeineddine, M, Zenebe, G, Zhang, Z, Zhao, H, Zoladl, M, Shin, J, Yon, D, Shin Y. H., Hwang J., Kwon R., Lee S. W., Kim M. S., Abate Y. H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abdelmasseh M., Abdulah D. M., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abrams E. M., Abtew Y. D., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adane D. E. A., Adane T. D., Addo I. Y., Adha R., Adibi A., Adnani Q. E. S., Agrawal A., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed A., Al-Azzam S., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Altaany Z., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Aly H., Ansar A., Arulappan J., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Athari S. S., Atlaw D., Aujayeb A., Azadnajafabad S., Babaei M., Babamohamadi H., Badawi A., Baghcheghi N., Bagherieh S., Bajbouj K., Banach M., Bardhan M., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bashiri A., Bayileyegn N. S., Bensenor I. M., Berhie A. Y., Beyene K. A., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A. N., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Bikov A., Cai J., Camargos P., Car J., Carr S., Carugno A., Chakraborty P. A., Chan J. S. K., Charalampous P., Chashmyazdan M., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury M. A. K., Chu D. -T., Corso B., Cruz-Martins N., Dadras O., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Demeke D., Demisse B., Diaz D., Diress M., Dongarwar D., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., Elhadi M., Elmeligy O. A. A., Esubalew H., Etaee F., Etemadimanesh A., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fakhradiyev I. R., Fatehizadeh A., Fatima S. A. F., Feng X., Fereidouni M., Ferreira N., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaipov A., Gela Y. Y., Obsa A. G., Ghadirian F., Ghamari S. -H., Ghozy S., Gillum R. F., Gizaw A. T., Gizaw A. B. A. B., Goldust M., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gupta S., Gupta V. K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hannan M. A., Hasaballah A. I., Hasani H., Hashi A., Hassen M. B., Heibati B., Heidari G., Heidari M., Heidari-Foroozan M., Holla R., Horita N., Hossain M. S., Hussain S., Hwang B. -F., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irilouzadian R., Ismail N. E., Ispayeva Z. B. I. Z. B., Iwu C. C. D., Linda Merin J., Jajarmi M., Jamshidi E., Janodia M. D., Jayaram S., Jebai R., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Kaambwa B., Kabir Z., Kaliyadan F., Kandel H., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Karimi H., Kaur H., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. A. B., Khanal S., Khatatbeh M. M., Khubchandani J., Kibret B. G., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolkhir P., Kompani F., Koohestani H. R., Korzh O., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuehni C. E., Kumar G. A., Kurmi O. P., Kutikuppala L. V. S., Kuttikkattu A., Lam J., Larijani B., Latief K., Lauriola P., Le T. T. T., Lee Y. H., Lenzi J., Li M. -C., Li S., Ligade V. S., Lim S. S., Liu W., Liu X., Lo C. -H., Lopes G., Mahalingam S., Maharaj S. B., Mahmoud M. A., Majeed A., Malekpour M. -R., Malik A. A., Mallhi T. H., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Masoumi S. Z., Maugeri A., Medina J. R. C., Menezes R. G., Mensah G. A., Mentis A. -F. A., Mestrovic T., Michalek I. M., Minh L. H. N., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misganaw A., Mishra M., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. 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I., Yon D. K., Shin, Y, Hwang, J, Kwon, R, Lee, S, Kim, M, Abate, Y, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdulah, D, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abrams, E, Abtew, Y, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adane, D, Adane, T, Addo, I, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adnani, Q, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Al-Azzam, S, Alhalaiqa, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Altaany, Z, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aly, H, Ansar, A, Arulappan, J, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Athari, S, Atlaw, D, Aujayeb, A, Azadnajafabad, S, Babaei, M, Babamohamadi, H, Badawi, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Bajbouj, K, Banach, M, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Bayileyegn, N, Bensenor, I, Berhie, A, Beyene, K, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Bikov, A, Cai, J, Camargos, P, Car, J, Carr, S, Carugno, A, Chakraborty, P, Chan, J, Charalampous, P, Chashmyazdan, M, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Corso, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Demeke, D, Demisse, B, Diaz, D, Diress, M, Dongarwar, D, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, O, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fakhradiyev, I, Fatehizadeh, A, Fatima, S, Feng, X, Fereidouni, M, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaipov, A, Gela, Y, Obsa, A, Ghadirian, F, Ghamari, S, Ghozy, S, Gillum, R, Gizaw, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hannan, M, Hasaballah, A, Hasani, H, Hashi, A, Hassen, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hussain, S, Hwang, B, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irilouzadian, R, Ismail, N, Ispayeva, Z, Iwu, C, Linda Merin, J, Jajarmi, M, Jamshidi, E, Janodia, M, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, Z, Kaliyadan, F, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Karimi, H, Kaur, H, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khanal, S, Khatatbeh, M, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, B, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolkhir, P, Kompani, F, Koohestani, H, Korzh, O, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuehni, C, Kumar, G, Kurmi, O, Kutikuppala, L, Kuttikkattu, A, Lam, J, Larijani, B, Latief, K, Lauriola, P, Le, T, Lee, Y, Lenzi, J, Li, M, Li, S, Ligade, V, Lim, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Lo, C, Lopes, G, Mahalingam, S, Maharaj, S, Mahmoud, M, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Masoumi, S, Maugeri, A, Medina, J, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Mentis, A, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Minh, L, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moniruzzaman, M, Mulugeta, T, Munblit, D, Murillo-Zamora, E, Mustafa, G, Nair, T, Nangia, V, Swamy, S, Nassereldine, H, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Ng, T, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, V, Niazi, R, Nouraei, H, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Obaidur, R, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okonji, O, Okwute, P, Olagunju, A, Olufadewa, I, Orru, H, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Patel, J, Patil, S, Patthipati, V, Paudel, U, Pereira, M, Pereira, R, Petcu, I, Podder, I, Podder, V, Mohammad, A, Qattea, I, Rabiee, N, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, V, Rajput, P, Ram, P, Ramasubramani, P, Rao, I, Rashid, A, Ratan, Z, Ravikumar, N, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Redwan, E, Regmi, A, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Ronfani, L, Saad, A, Saddik, B, Saeed, U, Sagoe, D, Sharif-Askari, F, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sajid, M, Sakshaug, J, Salahi, S, Salehi, S, Samy, A, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarasmita, M, Sarkhosh, M, Saya, G, Senthilkumaran, S, Shah, H, Shaikh, M, Shanawaz, M, Sheikh, A, Shekhar, S, Shigematsu, M, Shobeiri, P, Shorofi, S, Sibhat, M, Simpson, C, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, S, Singh, V, Siraj, M, Skryabina, A, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Steiropoulos, P, Szeto, M, Talaat, I, Tamuzi, J, Tan, K, Tat, N, Temsah, M, Terefa, D, Tesler, R, Thangaraju, P, Ticoalu, J, Tillawi, T, Tran, M, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Upadhyay, E, Vahabi, S, van Boven, J, Vasankari, T, Verras, G, Vieira, R, Violante, F, Vos, T, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Williams, H, Yada, D, Yismaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zar, H, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zeineddine, M, Zenebe, G, Zhang, Z, Zhao, H, Zoladl, M, Shin, J, Yon, D, Shin Y. H., Hwang J., Kwon R., Lee S. W., Kim M. S., Abate Y. H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abdelmasseh M., Abdulah D. M., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abrams E. M., Abtew Y. D., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adane D. E. A., Adane T. D., Addo I. Y., Adha R., Adibi A., Adnani Q. E. S., Agrawal A., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed A., Al-Azzam S., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Altaany Z., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Aly H., Ansar A., Arulappan J., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Athari S. S., Atlaw D., Aujayeb A., Azadnajafabad S., Babaei M., Babamohamadi H., Badawi A., Baghcheghi N., Bagherieh S., Bajbouj K., Banach M., Bardhan M., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bashiri A., Bayileyegn N. S., Bensenor I. M., Berhie A. Y., Beyene K. A., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A. N., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Bikov A., Cai J., Camargos P., Car J., Carr S., Carugno A., Chakraborty P. A., Chan J. S. K., Charalampous P., Chashmyazdan M., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury M. A. K., Chu D. -T., Corso B., Cruz-Martins N., Dadras O., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Demeke D., Demisse B., Diaz D., Diress M., Dongarwar D., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., Elhadi M., Elmeligy O. A. A., Esubalew H., Etaee F., Etemadimanesh A., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fakhradiyev I. R., Fatehizadeh A., Fatima S. A. F., Feng X., Fereidouni M., Ferreira N., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaipov A., Gela Y. Y., Obsa A. G., Ghadirian F., Ghamari S. -H., Ghozy S., Gillum R. F., Gizaw A. T., Gizaw A. B. A. B., Goldust M., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gupta S., Gupta V. K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hannan M. A., Hasaballah A. I., Hasani H., Hashi A., Hassen M. B., Heibati B., Heidari G., Heidari M., Heidari-Foroozan M., Holla R., Horita N., Hossain M. S., Hussain S., Hwang B. -F., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irilouzadian R., Ismail N. E., Ispayeva Z. B. I. Z. B., Iwu C. C. D., Linda Merin J., Jajarmi M., Jamshidi E., Janodia M. D., Jayaram S., Jebai R., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Kaambwa B., Kabir Z., Kaliyadan F., Kandel H., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Karimi H., Kaur H., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. A. B., Khanal S., Khatatbeh M. M., Khubchandani J., Kibret B. G., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolkhir P., Kompani F., Koohestani H. R., Korzh O., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuehni C. E., Kumar G. A., Kurmi O. P., Kutikuppala L. V. S., Kuttikkattu A., Lam J., Larijani B., Latief K., Lauriola P., Le T. T. T., Lee Y. H., Lenzi J., Li M. -C., Li S., Ligade V. S., Lim S. S., Liu W., Liu X., Lo C. -H., Lopes G., Mahalingam S., Maharaj S. B., Mahmoud M. A., Majeed A., Malekpour M. -R., Malik A. A., Mallhi T. H., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Masoumi S. Z., Maugeri A., Medina J. R. C., Menezes R. G., Mensah G. A., Mentis A. -F. A., Mestrovic T., Michalek I. M., Minh L. H. N., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misganaw A., Mishra M., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moniruzzaman M., Mulugeta T., Munblit D., Murillo-Zamora E., Mustafa G., Nair T. S., Nangia V., Swamy S. N., Nassereldine H., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Ng T. P., Nguyen D. H., Nguyen V. T., Niazi R. K., Nouraei H., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Obaidur R. M., Okati-Aliabad H., Okonji O. C., Okwute P. G., Olagunju A. T., Olufadewa I. I., Orru H., Mahesh P. A., Padubidri J. R., Pandey A., Pardhan S., Park E. -K., Patel J., Patil S., Patthipati V. S., Paudel U., Pereira M., Pereira R. B., Petcu I. -R., Podder I., Podder V., Mohammad A. P., Qattea I., Rabiee N., Rahimi M., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rahmani S., Rahmanian V., Rajput P., Ram P., Ramasubramani P., Rao I. R., Rashid A. M., Ratan Z. A., Ravikumar N., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Redwan E. M. M., Regmi A. R., Rezaei N., Rezaei S., Rezaeian M., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Romero-Rodriguez E., Ronfani L., Saad A. M. A., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sagoe D., Sharif-Askari F. S., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Sajid M. R., Sakshaug J. W., Salahi S., Salehi S., Samy A. M., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarasmita M. A., Sarkhosh M., Saya G. K., Senthilkumaran S., Shah H., Shaikh M. A., Shanawaz M., Sheikh A., Shekhar S., Shigematsu M., Shobeiri P., Shorofi S. A., Sibhat M. M., Simpson C. R., Singh J. A., Singh P., Singh S., Singh V., Siraj M. S., Skryabina A. A., Solomon Y., Song S., Soshnikov S., Soyiri I. N., Steiropoulos P., Szeto M. D., Talaat I. M., Tamuzi J. J. L. L., Tan K. -K., Tat N. Y., Temsah M. -H., Terefa D. R., Tesler R., Thangaraju P., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tillawi T., Tran M. T. N., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Ullah S., Upadhyay E., Vahabi S. M., van Boven J. F. M., Vasankari T. J., Verras G. -I., Vieira R. J., Violante F. S., Vos T., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Williams H. C., Yada D. Y., Yismaw Y., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zar H. J., Zare I., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zenebe G. A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao H., Zoladl M., Shin J. I., and Yon D. K.

Abstract

Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described. Results: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224–309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899–4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192–2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [9

Published
2023

48. Field Performance of the Fish Anchor

Author

Hossain, M. S., primary, Mohiuddin, M. A., additional, Dalal, A., additional, Turner, B. S., additional, Kim, Y. H., additional, Choo, Y. W., additional, and Rokonuzzaman, M., additional

Published
2023
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