Search

In Bangladesh, people primarily depend on on-site sanitation facilities (OSSF) with an immense challenge in achieving safe sanitation due to unplanned infrastructure development, improper management of fecal sludge, and inadequate monitoring. The commitment of attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6.2 (ensuring safe sanitation for all) by 2030 requires immediate attention in the management of fecal sludge for low-middle income countries. This paper presented the findings, challenges, and possible ways forward from a study conducted to provide data for Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based fecal sludge management (FSM) at a municipality in the northwest of Bangladesh. A total of 18,808 households and 407 institutions in Saidpur municipality, a non-sewered town in Nilphamari district, were studied to understand the type of containment structures and on-ground desludging practices. The study showed around 10% of containments were connected to the drains illegally, 95% of the people in Saidpur practiced unsafe disposal, and 7% still practiced open defecation. To identify these malpractices, the study also implemented an ICT-based sustainable solution through a web application that enabled the local administrator to have a global look at the sanitation scenario of the municipality. The dashboard was developed to create a total sanitation monitoring system, identify defaulters, allow target-based safe managed sanitation service strategies, and ensure sustainability in FSM. The study highlighted the accessibility of vacuum truck services projecting through a spatial map and identified methods to empty the septic tanks where Vacutag services are unavailable by engaging local pit emptiers. The innovative approach of fecal sludge management will help not only to improve the existing sanitation practices but also raise community awareness to ensure sustainable sanitation system. Altogether, the web system will work as a medium to manage the faecal sludge for the existing co-compost plant where the faeces is converted into organic soil conditioner, creating prospects for a green business mechanism.

Copyright of Momento: Revista de Física is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inelastic and elastic form factors as well as the energy level of the low-line excited state of the Be nucleus were estimated in this work. These calculations were carried out using the Nushell program with the large-basis shell model, which is truncated to () and formed of the shells (1 , 1 , 1 –2 , and 1 –2 ). The large-basis calculation of the low energy levels in odd parity was in good agreement with experimental data. Also, the form factor calculation with a large basis provides good agreement with Skyrme's (SLy4) potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, IBM-1 and IBM-2 with a SU(3) limit are used to describe the 158Gd isotope. The calculations of energy levels in the ground state, beta-, and gamma-bands are made up, which account for 15 energy levels. However, we found that the energy states of the same spin of the beta- and vibrational bands become degenerate states. In breaking the SU(3) dynamical symmetry by introducing a value of pairing interaction, the degeneracy is lifted and the energy levels are brought up to the same order as the experimental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we applied the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-I) to compute the electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2) of even-even neutron rich 186W and 186Os isobars. The ratio R4/2 = E(41+)/E(21+) has also been calculated for those isobars and the SU(3) symmetry for those isobars has been reported. E(41+) and E(21+) indicate the energy level of 41+ and 21+, respectively. We have described the strength of B(E2) in W.u. for 186W and 186Os isobars of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in contrast to obtainable measured data. The electric reduced transition probabilities B(E2) from yrast state gamma transition from 12+ 10+, 10+ 8+\8+ 6+\6+ 4+\4+ 2+ and 2+ 0+ and other bands states and B(E2) ratio of 186 W and 186 Os isobar have been compared with obtainable measured data and other previous studies. Also calculated were the systematic strength of B(E2), intrinsic quadrupole moments, and deformation parameters of even-even 186W and 186Os isobars. The data from these calculations are in good matching with the obtainable measured data. The IBM-I model for the strength of B(E2) has been systematically deduced in SU(3) limit for a few yrasts states transitions in 186W and 186Os isobars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]