Search

Prenatal nutritional supplements may improve birth outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS), compared with iron and folic acid (IFA), on general newborn physical condition and feeding behaviours. We conducted a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial that enrolled 4,011 pregnant women at ≤20 gestational weeks. LNS and IFA were provided to women in 48 and 16 clusters, respectively, for daily consumption until delivery. We collected data on household socio-economic, food insecurity, and maternal characteristics during early pregnancy and on newborn condition and feeding within 72hr of delivery. We analysed intervention effects on these secondary outcomes using mixed models with analysis of covariance for continuous outcomes and logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes. Among 3,664 live births, intervention groups did not differ in newborn response, mother's rating of the general condition of her newborn, early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), suckling ability, or frequency and exclusivity of breastfeeding in the first 24hr. If the mother perceived her infant to be healthy, EIBF was more likely (OR [95% CI]: 2.08 [1.46, 2.97]) and frequency of breastfeeding in the first 24hr was greater (mean difference [95% CI]: 3.0 [1.91, 4.01]), but there was no difference in exclusive breastfeeding in the first 24hr. Newborn condition and early breastfeeding practices were not affected by giving mothers prenatal LNS versus IFA. However, early breastfeeding practices were related to maternal perception of her newborn's condition. Thus, interventions to improve breastfeeding practices for newborns with poorer perceived health status may be useful.

Adolescents are among the age groups most vulnerable to malnutrition and their situation requires priority attention. However, information on adolescent nutrition in Bangladesh is limited. Using data from the Food Security and Nutrition Surveillance Project (FSNSP), we examined the nutritional situation of adolescent girls including regional and urban-rural patterns in undernutrition and overnutrition, dietary diversity, household food security, and as well as their growth dynamics. Our analysis focused on data collected from 2012 to 2014. The total sample size was 15,740 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years, of which one third were early adolescents aged 10–14 years, and one-tenth lived in urban areas. The authors found that among young adolescent girls, the proportion of moderate to severe thinness declined from 35 percent to 28 percent between 2012 and 2014, and rates of overweight and obesity were consistently low. For older adolescent girls (ages 15-19), the proportion of moderate to severe thinness remained low, while rates of overweight and obesity increased from 13 percent to 23 percent between 2012 and 2014. Overall, 17 percent of younger adolescent girls were stunted in 2012, decreasing to 11 percent in 2014. Study findings also highlighted substantial regional variations in both age groups. Of concern was a decrease in dietary diversity. The proportion of younger adolescent girls falling into the poor dietary diversity group increased from 54 percent in 2012 to 60 percent in 2014, and for older adolescent girls, a similar pattern was evident, with rates increasing from 53 percent to 64 percent. The analysis of growth dynamics indicated substantial deficits relative to healthy norms in the younger adolescent period. Study findings emphasize the importance of leveraging critical developmental entry points through high impact adolescent nutrition interventions. These investments will help ensure a future healthy work force, and a healthy next generation of children in Bangladesh.

Amaç: Bu araştırmada mezbahada kesilen domuzlarda postmortem muayene sonrasında böbreklerinde kurt varlığı patolojik ve prevalans olarak değerlendirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mezbahalardan domuzların iç organlar toplandı. Böbrekler, peri-renal yağlar, üreterler, akciğerler, karaciğerler ve lenf yumruları makroskobik ve mikroskobik lezyonlar yönünden incelendi. Bulgular: 76 domuzun 16 (%21)’sının enfekte olduğu belirlendi. Böbrek korteksi, perirenal yağlar, üreter ve böbrek pelvisinde olgun parazitlerin varlığı belirlendi. Makroskobik olarak kanlı-şişkin ve yüzeyinde krem-beyaz renkte odaklar bulunan böbrekler gözlendi. Böbrek çevresi yağ doku ve ilişkili diğer dokularda nekrotik odaklar ve kanlı alanlar tespit edildi. Histopatalojik incelemede böbrek paranşim dokuda yoğun eozinofil infiltrasyonu gözlendi. Ayrıca, nefritisle ilişkili nötrofil ve mononükleer hücre varlığı belirlendi. Birçok vakada perirenal dokuda gömülü olarak parazit parçaları gözlendi. Öneri: Domuzlarda böbreğin normal yapısının bozulmasında, böbreklerde görülen kurtlar ciddi bir problem oluşturmaktadır, Aim: Prevalence and pathologic aspects of kidney worm infection in indigenous pigs were described after post-mortem examination. Materials and Methods: Viscera of the pigs from the slaughter houses were collected. Kidneys, peri-renal fats, ureters, lungs, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes were examined for both gross and microscopic lesions. Results: Of the 76 pigs 16 (21%) were infected with the worm. Adult parasites from renal pelvis, ureter, peri-renal fats and from renal cortex were recovered. Grossly, the affected kidneys were swollen, congested and marked with creamy-white necrotic foci visible from the surface. Peri-renal adipose and connective tissues were also congested and marked with necrotic foci. Histopathological studies revealed massive infiltration of the renal parenchyma mainly with eosinophils, however, some neutrophils and mononuclear cells were also detected, suggesting interstitial nephritis. In most of the cases, cross-sections of embedded parasites were observed in peri-renal tissues.Conclusion: Swine kidney worm is a serious problem in pig that causes severe distortion of renal normal architecture.