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Given the increasing demand for electricity due to modernization and population growth, there is an urgent need to develop renewable energy conversion technologies such as photovoltaics. Among these technologies, CsPbIBr2, an all‐inorganic lead halide‐based perovskite, has shown promise due to its thermal stability, phase stability, and ease of fabrication. However, challenges remain, particularly in addressing device hysteresis and stability. Novel materials and optimized device designs could help overcome these challenges. This comprehensive review discusses strategies such as interface engineering, film quality improvement, compositional engineering, defect passivation, band alignments, and metal ion doping to enhance the performance of CsPbIBr2‐based perovskite films and, in turn, their potential for photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing climate change adaptation issues are driving the demand for efficient solutions in the agriculture sector, which will improve farmers' livelihoods and economic situations. This study examined the perceptions of major climate risks and factors driving adoption of climate adaptation strategies in saline coastal areas of Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 100 farmers producing Rabi crops by using a semi-structured questionnaire. A binary logistic model was used to identify the driving factors of the adoption of adaptation strategies. Results revealed that farmers' group membership and perception of a decrease in rain frequency influenced adoption of intercropping, while experience in farming, owned farmland size and perception of increase in soil salinity influenced adoption of mulching. In addition, age, group membership and perception of a decrease in rain frequency had a positive influence on adoption of use of mini pond. Furthermore, household size and access to training influenced adoption of changing sowing time, while farming experience had a positive influence on change in cropping pattern. These findings suggest an opportunity for institution-led support for providing farmers with hands-on training. Developing collaboration with research institutes, the ministry of agriculture, extension, development partners and civic leaders for enhancing farmers' group membership capacity would be of benefit on increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning the extent of price volatility is critical to ensure the producer and consumer's economic welfare. Hence, we have envisioned assessing the price transmission relationship over time among the farmgate, wholesale, and retail markets for the four major aquaculture products, namely Rui, Catla, Tilapia and Pangas in Bangladesh. The Granger causality test examined the causal relationships among the farmgate, wholesale and retail fish prices. The Houck/Ward and error correction approach was also applied to study their price transmission pattern. Results indicate that the retail price leads the wholesale and farmgate price. In most cases, the coefficient of variation decreases as the fish handover from the farmgate to retail levels. Out of 15 pairs of farmgate, wholesale, and retail price-series analyzed, 14 pairs are co-integrated (p < 0.01). Current results also suggest that the price transmission pattern is symmetric in the short run but could be a mixture of symmetric and asymmetric in the long run. This asymmetric price behavior indicates that changes in retail prices do not get reflected fully at both farmgate and wholesale prices, and the transmitted prices may vary according to the retail prices based on their rising or falling pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management of the fishing industry has become increasingly important as globalization has increased competition. It is complicated due to the involvement of heterogeneous stakeholders and the establishment of an unorganized market structure. This study gave a holistic insight into the gaps in existing literature for measuring supply chain performance emphasizing the need to value multidimensional aspects, such as information sharing, commitment, efficiency, effectiveness, quality, reliability, flexibility, and capability in the inland fishing industry. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze responses from 787 stakeholders randomly selected from 11 districts through a structured in-person interview covering 46 fish markets. The study revealed that information sharing and commitment both positively influenced the supply chain performance. Information sharing had a positive significant relationship with all mediators. In contrast, a positive significant relationship was found between the commitment, efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and reliability. Among the mediators, efficiency, effectiveness, and quality positively affected the supply-chain performance. Considering the finding of this study the stakeholders can outline, promote, and implement policies for the improved supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiding developing nations like Bangladesh in their pursuit of food security requires careful analysis of marketing costs and margins as well as farmer profitability. Therefore, this study delves into the profitability and marketing intricacies of four prominent fish species in Bangladesh's aquaculture sector namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica), and pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Through extensive face-to-face survey involving 200 fish farmers and 212 market actors in aquaculture-rich districts, the research uncovers valuable insights. The findings unveil varying profitability, with catla fish emerging as the most lucrative, boasting a substantial benefitcost ratio (BCR) of 2.77, while Nile tilapia trails with a BCR of 1.08. The highest expense was incurred for feed, followed by fingerlings. The study highlights the existence of multiple routes for transferring fish from producers to consumers, notably direct sales to middlemen and the active involvement of intermediaries like wholesalers, and facilitators. Farmers sell 41% of their fish directly to middlemen. With facilitator's commission standing out as the most important cost component, wholesalers bear an excessive portion of the marketing expenses. Efficiency in fish marketing is meticulously assessed, with catla fish emerging as the most efficiently supplied species. The study underlines the considerable potential for bolstering fish productivity and enhancing the value chain-a promising avenue that promises financial benefits to both fish farmers and market actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to explore the fish value chain and the determinants that influenced the fish farmer's decision, preferably in the value addition chain of Rui, Catla, Tilapia, and Pangas fish. Hence, primary data were collected from 200 fish farmers and 212 market actors from three districts of Bangladesh. The per quintal value addition by the retailers in Mymensingh and Jessore areas was the highest for Rui and the lowest for Pangas. In Dhaka, the retailer's highest per quintal value was reported for Catla. The Poisson regression analysis revealed that farmers' education, fish farming experience, and access to extension services could positively, while the farmer's age could negatively influence their value addition decisions. Developing effective extension services is vital to make an integrated and sophisticated fish market system in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]