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1. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) controls central nervous system and promotes peripheral nervous system regeneration via physical exercise

Author

Vahideh Zalouli, Hosnieh Rajavand, Mahdi Bayat, Jalil Khaleghnia, Fariborz Sharifianjazi, Farzad Jafarinazhad, and Nima Beheshtizadeh

Subjects
Physical exercise, Neurogenesis, Metabolic health, Neural progenitor cells, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Physical exercise has beneficial effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and cognitive processes, including learning. Although it is not known if anaerobic resistance training and high-intensity interval training, which involve alternating brief bouts of highly intense anaerobic activity with rest periods, have comparable effects on AHN. Also, while less thoroughly investigated, individual genetic diversity in the overall response to physical activity is likely to play a key role in the effects of exercise on AHN. Physical exercise has been shown to improve health on average, although the benefits may vary from person to person, perhaps due to genetic differences. Maximal aerobic capacity and metabolic health may improve significantly with aerobic exercise for some people, while the same amount of training may have little effect on others. This review discusses the AHN's capability for peripheral nervous system (PNS) regeneration and central nervous system (CNS) control via physical exercise. Exercise neurogenicity, effective genes, growth factors, and the neurotrophic factors involved in PNS regeneration and CNS control were discussed. Also, some disorders that could be affected by AHN and physical exercise are summarized.

Published
2023
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2. Commercialization and regulation of regenerative medicine products: Promises, advances and challenges

Author

Nima Beheshtizadeh, Maliheh Gharibshahian, Zahra Pazhouhnia, Mohammadreza Rostami, Ali Rajabi Zangi, Reza Maleki, Hanieh Kolahi Azar, Vahideh Zalouli, Hosnieh Rajavand, Ali Farzin, Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh, Farshid Sefat, Mahmoud Azami, Thomas J. Webster, and Nima Rezaei

Subjects
Commercialization, Regenerative medicine, Tissue engineering, Immunological considerations, Regulatory concerns, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to repair, regenerate, or reconstruct functional loss in failed tissues and/or organs. Although regenerative medicine is a relatively new field, multiple diverse research groups are helping regenerative medicine reach its objectives. All endeavors in this field go through in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials which are prerequisites to translating such approaches from the bench to the bedside. However, despite such promise, there are only a few regenerative medicine approaches that have actually entered commercialization due to extensive demands for the inclusion of multiple rules, principles, and finances, to reach the market. This review covers the commercialization of regenerative medicine, including its progress (or lack thereof), processes, regulatory concerns, and immunological considerations to name just a few key areas. Also, commercially available engineered tissues, including allografts, synthetic substitutes, and 3D bioprinting inks, along with commercially available cell and gene therapeutic products, are reviewed. Clinical applications and future perspectives are stated with a clear road map for improving the regenerative medicine field.

Published
2022
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3. Effect of 12 weeks Aerobic Exercise on Osteocalcin and Bone Density Indices in Overweight Women

Author

Vahideh Zalouli, Hosnieh Rajavand, and Asghar Tofighi

Abstract

Obesity is one of the major and most common metabolic disorders in all countries of the world, especially industrialized countries. Obesity has many consequences and complications, including metabolic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters such as vaspin, insulin and blood glucose in the blood of overweight women aged 35 to 45 years. Materials: In this study, 20 overweight women aged 35 to 40 years who They were divided into two separate experimental and experimental groups. After 12 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise, The mentioned indicators were measured. Results: In this study, it was found that there is a significant relationship between aerobic exercise and the amount of biochemical indicators of the body and the amount of body mass index of these women. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that having a proper nutritional pattern along with proper exercise, including aerobic exercise, can play a very important role in reducing diseases such as obesity. And have subsequent effects. Keywords: Vaspine, Aerobic exercise, Insulin sensitivity, Glucose resistance

Published
2022

4. High Cholesterol Diet Increases Expression of Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase and BACE1 in Rat Hippocampi: Implications for the Effect of Diet Cholesterol on Memory

Author

Mitra Nikasa, M Jafarlou, Hosnieh Rajavand, Fatemeh Afshari, Pouran Karimi, and Mahboob Soltanali

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Normal diet, business.industry, Cholesterol, Morris water navigation task, General Medicine, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Hippocampus (mythology), lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, Receptor, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background: Abnormal cholesterol homeostasis is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive impairment. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate changes in the expression of proteins related to cognition and cholesterol homeostasis in the hippocampi of rats as well as behavioral modifications following the administration of a cholesterol-rich diet. Methods: In this experimental study, lasting 16 weeks, 20 male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed with a normal diet (ND; n = 10) and the second with a high cholesterol diet (HD; n = 10). The expression of the cognition-related proteins N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1), the key cholesterol hemostasis protein, were determined by an immunoblotting assay in the hippocampus homogenate. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to examine cognitive performance. Plasma lipidic parameters, including total choles- terol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), as well as brain TC were measured by colorimetric assay. Results: After a high cholesterol diet had been administered for a period of 16 weeks, a significant increase in TC, LDL-C and TG was observed in the HD group in comparison with the ND group (P < 0.05). Neither the mean of brain wet weight nor brain TC showed significant change in the HD versus the ND group (P = 0.114, P = 0.84, respectively). Despite this fixity, dierences in the expression of BACE1 and CYP46A1 were significant (P < 0.05) between the two groups, with high levels of BACE1 and CYP46A1 in the HD group compared with the ND group. These biochemical changes were associated with a significant decrease in the time traveled on a platform quadrant in the HD versus the ND group (P < 0.05) during a spatial memory probe test administered at the same time. Conclusions: The findings show that irregularities in cognitive performance as a result of a high cholesterol diet can be partially mediated by distortion in brain cholesterol homeostasis and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Published
2016

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