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Proteins represent one of the most concentrated nutrients in legumes and they can be easily used as components in innovative human foods and therefore, have attracted interest of food industry. Legume proteins extractable in dilute salt solutions belong to the globulin family of seed storage proteins and are called legumins (11S), vicilins (7S) and convicilin (15S). The content of water soluble proteins is a critical factor in food quality and production of isolated soybean proteins. The total grain proteins of soybean and pea varieties were determined on Infratec 1241 Grain Analyzer, while the total soluble proteins were analyzed by the HPLC. Proteins extractability (%) was calculated as a ratio of total soluble proteins and total grain proteins on a dry weight basis (DM). On average, soybean varieties contained 40.22% of total grain proteins compared to 22.46% in peas, while the content of total soluble proteins varied from 124.80 mg/gDM to 175.36 mg/gDM in soybeans and from 60.84 mg/gDM to 89.06 mg/gDM in peas. Extractability of soluble proteins varied from 30.74% to 43.16% in soybeans and from 27.05% to 41.26% in peas, which means that the content and extractability of soluble proteins depends on the type and variety of legumes.

Sadržaj proteina zrna pšenice je, pored prinosa zrna, najvažnije svojstvo u proizvodnji.Iako nije proteinska kultura, pšenica se smatra značajnim izvorom proteina u prehrani čovjeka jer se konzumira svakodnevno u većim količinama. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi sadržaj proteina u zrnu deset sorata pšenice tijekom višegodišnjeg razdoblja. Poljski pokusi su postavljeni tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja (2015.-2019.) na površinama Poljoprivrednog Instituta Osijek po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja. Korištene su sorte Žitarka, Srpanjka, Golubica, Lucija, Alka, Ficko, Renata, Katarina, Felix i OS Olimpija. Temeljem provedenog istraživanja sorte su ostvarile visokih 13, 3 % proteina u zrnu. Provedenom analizom varijance utvrđena su veća odstupanja između sorti (4, 02 %) nego između ispitivanih godina (1, 80 %), dok je najveće odstupanje uočeno u interakciji godina x sorta (6, 20 %).

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most important protein legumes. It is considered one of the four most important cultivated large-seeded pulses. Although grain yield is the most important breeding trait, the focus of the breeding process is also directed at other quantitative traits (yield components). The study of genotypes (breeding lines) in different environments through the analysis of the most significant quantitative properties, as well as the assessment of their interaction values, contributes to the creation of new sources of genetic variability and new genetic material (varieties/hybrids). The study goals were: to evaluate the agronomic value of nine newly created spring breeding lines of fodder pea during two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), to evaluate the stability of yield components and to select the most promising genotypes for further breeding procedure based on the obtained results. The results of the study showed that there are significant differences between the tested genotypes in the tested environments for most of the analysed properties and that the variation of genotypes has the greatest influence within the identified sources of experimental variation. The stability assessment was made by the grouping method according to Francis and Kannenberg, based on which the values of the genotypes L – OSMBK 1, L – OSMBK 3 for grain/plant yield L – OSMBK 1, L – OSMBK 8, L – OSMBK 3, L – OSMBK 9 for 1000 seed weight and L - OSMBK 9 for the plant height were in group I, which is characterized by high values and a small coefficient of variation of properties and represents the most stable and most promising breeding genotypes.

Zbornik sadrži 5 preglednih radova, 6 izvornih znanstvenih radova i 3 stručna rada predstavljena na 13. međunarodnom znanstveno-stručnom skupu HRANOM DO ZDRAVLJA, organiziranog u sljedećim sekcijama: Prehrana, Funkcionalna hrana i dodaci prehrani, Sigurnost hrane i Analiza hrane. Proceedings contains 5 review papers, 6 original scientific papers, and 3 professional papers presented at 13th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH, organised in following sections: Nutrition, Functional Food and Dietary Supplements, Food Safety and Food Analysis.

Heat wave, as a result of climate change, is an increasingly common phenomenon in eastern Croatia. During the early summer of 2021, eastern Slavonia experienced a severe heat wave with maximal daily temperature peak at 38.9°C. Here, we report impact of heatwave on plant antioxidative status after unfavorable conditions and consequently on green mass yield (GMY) of 12 red clover cultivars or breeding populations of different origin and therefore, different tolerance to heat. Canadian cultivars Ottawa and RAM converged with the lowest water content (WC) and the highest polyphenols which indicates that polyphenols played a leading role in the stress response of those cultivars. Heat wave response of cultivar OS MARIS was arranged by activation of enzymes guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Heat wave activated both enzymatic and non-enzymatic response mechanisms and ultimately influenced GMY. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped Croatian cultivar OS VIVA and OPCDs in the same quadrant with GMY indicating that heat the least influenced GMY in those cultivars and therefore sort out them as potential source of tolerance to stressful conditions.

Red clover is a perennial forage crop rich in isoflavones, the bioactive compounds with a positive effect on human and animal health. The aim of the research was to determine a variation in the isoflavone contents in the Croatian red clover collection and to identify the most promising materials to be used in the breeding program for the development of new cultivars for specific purposes. Leaf samples of 29 red clover cultivars/populations (two cultivars, twenty breeding populations, and seven local populations) were collected in a full flowering stage, and the identification and quantification of isoflavones was performed using the HPLC analysis. The most common isoflavones in the red clover cultivars/populations were formononetin and biochanin A. A significant variation among the cultivars/populations in the total and individual isoflavone content was determined. The populations with very high and low contents of both the total and of the individual isoflavones were identified to be used for the breeding purposes in order to develop new forage cultivars, or for specific goals in the pharmaceutical industry.

It is well established that bread-making quality of wheat is mostly related to the gluten proteins composition and quantity and at the same time, some of these proteins are responsible for human health problems. The wheat gluten proteins are classified according to electrophoretic mobility into monomeric gliadins (GLI) (α-, γ- and ω-) and polymeric glutenins (GLU) (HMW-GS and LMW-GS). Six common wheat cultivars grown at the Agricultural Institute Osijek were subdivided into two groups (historical and modern ones, released before and after the late 60s) and evaluated during two consecutive years. On average, the similar protein and wet gluten content were found between historical and modern cultivars (14.3% vs. 14.2% and 27.0 % and 26.5%, respectively), while significant differences were found for gluten index (84 vs. 92) and sedimentation values (27 cm3 vs. 36 cm3) as good indicators of gluten strength. Considering gluten proteins a decrease in expression of α-GLI (27.1% vs. 28.8%) and γ-GLI (15.7% vs. 18.7%) as major trigger of coeliac disease was observed in modern cultivars, while ω-GLI with highly immunogenic potential (6.7% vs. 5.6%) was increased. The obtained better technological properties of modern cultivars were correlated with an increase of glutenins sub-fractions HMW-GS (10.6% vs 9.4%) and LMW-GS (22.9% vs. 19.1%) and consequently reducing the GLI/GLU ratio (1.48 vs 1.90).

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors which negatively affects on many metabolic processes in plants and yield. It is very important the ability of tolerant plants to defend against oxidative stress as part of drought stress. In this study the biochemical and physiological responses of three apple cultivars ('Golden Delicious Reinders' as commercial cultivar and 'Crvenka' and 'Dugara' as old cultivars) under drought stress were evaluated. Selected cultivars were grown in the greenhouse, in pots, filled with soil. Oxidative stress responses were compared in leaf samples of experimental plants (without irrigation) and control plants for 12 days. Proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, malondialdehyde (MDA), phenolic content, photosynthetic performance (PIabs), maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll and dry matter (DW) content were determined. After 12 days of experiment the 'Golden Delicious Reinders' showed the highest decrease of PIABS (1.95), Fv/Fm (0.77) and chlorophyll content (4.25 mg/g FW). Also, it showed the highest proline (1.69 µmol/g FW), peroxide (5.64 µmol/g FW), phenols (25.88 mg GAE/g FW), dry matter (47.70 %) content and highest level of lipid peroxidation rate (15.19 nmol/g FW) compared to 'Crvenka' and 'Dugara'. Thus, it can be concluded that old cultivars 'Crvenka' and 'Dugara' have better adaptability to drought than 'Golden Delicious Reinders' cultivar.

Lucerna je bogat izvor fitoestrogena, od kojih je najzanimljiviji kumestrol zbog snažnog estrogenog djelovanja i mogućeg utjecaja na reproduktivnu sposobnost domaćih životinja. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi variranje sadržaja kumestrola kod populacija lucerne kao početnog screeninga naše oplemenjivačke strategije te izbora potencijalnih materijala i stvaranja novih modernih sorti za posebne namjene. Tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja (2014., 2015.) kod ukupno 50 materijala lucerne procjenjivana je agronomska vrijednost u oplemenjivačkom rasadniku zasnovanom na selekcijskom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek. Rasadnik lucerne postavljen je po shemi RCBD-a u 4 ponavljanja, a osnovna parcela sastojala se od 52 pojedinačne biljke posijane u kućice (50 x 40 cm). Za ovo istraživanje izabrano je 12 populacija lucerne na osnovi ostvarenog visokog prinosa krmne i dobre perzistentnosti. U srpnju 2016. godine u vegetativnoj fazi biljaka puno pupanje – početak cvjetanja prikupljeni su prosječni uzorci lista (oko 100 g) sa 10 slučajno izabranih biljaka svake populacije lucerne iz dva ponavljanja. Iz liofiliziranih i samljevenih listova lucerne, kumestrol je ekstrahiran uz primjenu zakiseljenog metanola kao organskog otapala. Svaki uzorak je ekstrahiran i analiziran u dva ponavljanja. Za detekciju i kvantifikaciju kumestrola korišten je RP-HPLC (Perkin Elmer LC 200 Chromatograph) sustav s DAD detektorom (λ=260 nm) i RP-C18 kolonom (Nova-Pak, 4 μm, 3.9 x 150 mm). Analizom varijance (ANOVA) utvrđene su statistički opravdane razlike u sadržaju kumestrola između proučavanih oplemenjivačkih populacija lucerne. Koeficijent varijacije analiziranog svojstva iznosio je 2, 38 %. Variranje sadržaja kumestrola se kretalo od 82, 18 mg/kg ST do 619, 53 mg/ kg ST (suha tvar), a prosječan sadržaj kumestrola svih promatranih populacija lucerne iznosio je 435, 67 mg/kg ST. Dvije populacije ostvarile su značajno niži sadržaj kumestrola u ST u odnosu na ostale promatrane u ovom istraživanju te predstavljaju odličan oplemenjivački izvor za razvoj novih modernih sorti za posebne namjene.

Iločka sour cherry is regional domesticated landrace grown in eastern Croatia. Landraces are characterized by significant phenotypic variability because of propagation by root suckers. The present study was undertaken to assess some physical and chemical traits of Iločka sour cherry fruits collected from originated accessions during 2015 and 2016 harvest season. The fruit of seven Iločka sour cherry accessions (IV), altogether with Oblačinska, Erdi Botermo and Rexelle, were analysed for their main physical and chemical attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated investigated genotypes correlating IV accessions with soluble solids content, total anthocyanin content, total sugars, glucose, fructose and sorbitol, Oblačinska with colour parameters, Erdi Botermo with fruit weight, whereas Rexelle correlated with titrable acidity and sucrose. Among IV accessions, IV1 stands out with high soluble solids content (20.4°Brix), soluble solids content/titrable acidity ratio (17.2), total polyphenol content (7.34 mgGAE/gFW) and total anthocyanin content (2.45 mgCGE/gFW) therefore IV1 is excellent candidate for commercialization for both, fresh consumption and processing markets, as well as for planting in amateur orchards. Further investigation of main biological and pomo-technological properties of selected IV accessions in parallel trials with standard sour cherry cultivars should be conducted.

Grain protein composition and content are crucial for wheat baking quality. It is common practice to use late nitrogen (N) application to increase grain protein content (P) of wheat. Whole flours of 8 wheat cultivars were characterised by the quantitative determination of total P and their main groups (albumins and globulins - AG, gliadins – GLI, and glutenins - GLU) using NIT (Infratec 1241) and HPLC procedures. The cultivars were grown at the Agricultural Institute Osijek during two seasons, at two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The total amount of the applied N was 77 kg ha-1 and 177 kg ha-1 of N, without and with top-dressing, in the 2017 season, and 102 kg ha -1 and 202 kg ha-1 of N in the 2018 season, respectively. On average, the P content under N supply was increased by 15.5% in 2017 and by 13.3% in 2018 (12.0% vs. 13.9% and 12.3% vs. 13.9, respectively). The proportion of AG in 2017 was increased in comparison to 2018. The GLI consistently increased in both years, unlike the GLU that decreased. On average, a significant increase in total P resulted in an increase in the GLI/GLU ratio (1.33 vs. 1.53) due to increased monomeric GLI synthesis after N fertilization. The extent of the N’s effects on proteins was strongly dependent on cultivars.