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The healthcare environment faced by nurses is complex, with high workloads and situations of high comorbidity. The integration of nurses into the work environment is a cause for concern, and improvements are sought for their incorporation into the workforce. The benefits of mentoring programs are described not only for nurses but also for patients with safer practices and benefits for the institution due to the increased commitment of its professionals. A methodological article that illustrates the complete process to design and implement a tutoring program for new nurses in an emergency department is presented. The competency profile required for the figure of tutor was developed, including the steps followed for the development of the program and the structure and phases of which it is composed, as well as the validation of the evaluation instruments of the process. A strength was the participation of experts during the in-depth analysis of the competency profile, as well as in the adaptation of the evaluation items, which endorses the pertinence, relevance, usefulness, and clarity of the content of this program. The transparency in this methodology makes it possible to follow the steps for its reproduction and applicability in other hospitals.

Este artículo de revisión aborda la grave problemática de la pesca indiscriminada de tiburones, impulsada por la demanda de aletas en mercados asiáticos, y su consecuente impacto en las poblaciones y los ecosistemas marinos. Se destaca la bioacumulación de metales pesados como mercurio, plomo y cadmio en los tejidos de los tiburones, representando riesgos significativos para la salud humana y la biodiversidad marina. La investigación empleó técnicas avanzadas como la espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente para la detección precisa de estos contaminantes. Aunque se han logrado avances tecnológicos, persisten desafíos en la estandarización de métodos y la obtención de datos consistentes globalmente. Se enfatiza la necesidad urgente de fortalecer las regulaciones internacionales y promover prácticas pesqueras sostenibles para mitigar los impactos ambientales y garantizar la conservación a largo plazo de los tiburones como componentes clave de los ecosistemas marinos globales.

Amazonian swamp forests remove large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) but produce methane (CH4). Both are important greenhouse gases (GHG). Drought and cultivation cut the CH4 emissions but may release CO2. Varying oxygen content in nitrogen-rich soil produces nitrous oxide (N2O), which is the third most important GHG. Despite the potentially tremendous changes, GHG emissions from wetland soils under different land uses and environmental conditions have rarely been compared in the Amazon. We measured environmental characteristics, and CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from the soil surface with manual opaque chambers in three sites near Iquitos, Peru from September 2019 to March 2020: a pristine peat swamp forest, a young forest and a slash-and-burn manioc field. The manioc field showed moderate soil respiration and N2O emission. The peat swamp forests under slight water table drawdown emitted large amounts of CO2 and CH4. A heavy post-drought shower created a hot moment of N2O in the pristine swamp forest, likely produced by nitrifiers. All in all, even small changes in soil moisture can create hot moments of GHG emissions from Amazonian wetland soils, and should therefore be carefully monitored.

En el Perú, aún no se han implementado medidas concretas que garanticen los derechos de las mujeres gestantes y con hijos en el sistema penal, siendo fundamental realizar un estudio que permita evaluar la situación actual y proponer acciones específicas que puedan ser incorporadas en las políticas públicas. Por lo que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la prisión preventiva y las medidas alternativas para mujeres gestantes y con hijos menores de tres años, desarrollándose un estudio de tipo básico, con enfoque cualitativo y hermenéutico de alcance descriptivo basado en la teoría fundamentada, donde se aplicó una entrevista a la muestra integrada por 12 profesionales vinculados al proceso judicial. Los resultados arrojaron que las prisiones preventivas aplicadas vulneran los derechos y garantías penales y procesales de las mujeres, teniendo una repercusión negativa para su salud y bienestar. Se concluyó que en Perú no se están aplicando bien las políticas que protejan adecuadamente a mujeres gestantes y con hijos pequeños en el sistema penal porque, aunque existen opciones alternativas a la prisión preventiva, estas no se usan mucho por la falta de capacitación judicial y la preferencia por enfoques más punitivos.

Introduction: The effect of clothing on the recording of blood pressure in a normotensive and hypertensive population remains essential to diagnosing and managing. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to measure blood pressure using a validated oscillometric sphygmomanometer in two populations. The records were made over the thicker sleeve arm and non-sleeved arm (either on bare arm or indicating the removal of the outermost garment). Clothing was categorized according to how patients attended the outpatient clinic based on the real world. Results: A total of 75 patients were included with a diagnosis of hypertension whose mean age was 67.1 years (SD ± 16.3). The group of normotension included 63 patients whose mean age was 21.1 years (SD ± 2.2). There was not variability related to technique or inherent to the condition of the subject on the first and second measurements of blood pressure. In the comparative analysis, the group with normotension did not report a significant difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure due to the effect of clothing during the first or second measurement (p > 0.05). In the group with hypertension, a significant difference was observed in the first measurement, between the group over-the-sleeve and non-sleeved arm (systolic blood pressure, p: 0.021 and diastolic, p: 0.001). However, when the variable order of measurement was analyzed by randomizing the initial registry with or without clothing was not found a statistical difference. Conclusion: Clothing does not a significant difference in the measure of blood pressure in a normotensive or hypertensive population.

IntroductionSoil drought during summer in Central Europe has become more frequent and severe over the last decades. European forests are suffering increasing damage, particularly Norway spruce. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco), a non-native tree species, is considered as a promising alternative to build drought-resilient forests. The main goal of this study was to investigate the intraannual radial stem growth and sap flow performance of Douglas-fir along a precipitation gradient across Germany under severe drought.Material and methodsSap flow and stem radial changes of up to ten trees each at four sites with different precipitation regimes were measured in combination with volumetric soil water content during the growing season of 2022. Measurements of stem radial changes were used to calculate the trees’ stem water deficit, a proxy for tree water status and drought stress.ResultsThe severe summer drought of 2022 led to an early growth cessation and a significant reduction in daily sap flow at all four sites monitored. We could identify a site-specific threshold in soil water availability ranging between 21.7 and 29.6% of relative extractable water (REW) under which stem water reserves cannot be replenished and thereby inhibiting radial growth. We could also demonstrate that at this threshold, sap flow is heavily reduced to between 43.5 and 53.3%, and for a REW below 50%, sap flow linearly decreases by 1.1–2.0% per 1% reduction in REW. This reduction tends to follow the humidity gradient, being more pronounced at the most oceanic characterized site and suggesting an adaptation to site conditions. Even though Douglas-fir is considered to be more drought stress resistant than Norway spruce, growth and sap flow are greatly reduced by severe summer drought, which became more frequent in recent years and their frequency and intensity is likely to increase.ConclusionsOur results suggest that timber production of Douglas-fir in Central Europe will decline considerably under projected climate change, and thus pointing to site specific growth constraints for a so far promising non-native tree species in Europe.

Abstract The diagnosis of leukemic T-cell malignancies is often challenging, due to overlapping features with reactive T-cells and limitations of currently available T-cell clonality assays. Recently developed therapeutic antibodies specific for the mutually exclusive T-cell receptor constant β chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 isoforms provide a unique opportunity to assess for TRBC-restriction as a surrogate of clonality in the flow cytometric analysis of T-cell neoplasms. To demonstrate the diagnostic utility of this approach, we studied 164 clinical specimens with (60) or without (104) T-cell neoplasia, in addition to 39 blood samples from healthy donors. Dual TRBC1 and TRBC2 expression was studied within a comprehensive T-cell panel, in a fashion similar to the routine evaluation of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains for the detection of clonal B-cells. Polytypic TRBC expression was demonstrated on total, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from all healthy donors; and by intracellular staining on benign T-cell precursors. All neoplastic T-cells were TRBC-restricted, except for 8 cases (13%) lacking TRBC expression. T-cell clones of uncertain significance were identified in 17 samples without T-cell malignancy (13%) and accounted for smaller subsets than neoplastic clones (median: 4.7 vs. 69% of lymphocytes, p

This study aims to validate a data collection tool's psychometric properties to explore whether business management research's relevance is a high-order construct made up of its perceived interest and perceived relevance. The authors conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate a two-factor scale. The sample was composed of 148 MBA students from a Peruvian business school. Results showed the appropriate levels of validity and reliability and confirmed the usefulness of this data set for exploring the relationship between perceived interest and relevance. Businesses and schools can replicate the validated tool for reviewing their curricula and teaching practices, exploring the gap between business and management research results and advancing managers' research literacy and evidence-based practice in business education and training.

IntroductionTrees from flooded forests have to adjust their xylem hydraulic structure to face the annual flooding and the climatic conditions of the atmosphere. Usually, this adjustment of anatomical tissues in the tropics is driven by drought events inducing conservative behavior and can be recorded annually in tree rings. However, how the flood pulse and the climatic conditions influence the xylem hydraulic structure in floodplain trees is unknown.MethodsTo fill this gap, we explore if flooded periods and monthly climate variation affect the annual tree growth and xylem anatomy structure for the tree species Hydrochorea corymbosa (Fabaceae) from the várzea flooded forest in the Central Amazon. We developed a 41-year ring width chronology (1971–2018) and a 30-year time series of xylem anatomy parameters (1988–2018) as mean hydraulic vessel diameter (Dh), vessel frequency (VF), and parenchyma quantity (PQ). We correlated the series with monthly hydrological and climatic data.ResultsThe hydrological regime did not correlate with annual tree growth in that species as we previously expected but showed correlations with the xylem anatomical structure. High flood levels during the end of the flooding period induced conservative patterns of the anatomical structure, with a negative correlation with Dh (rho June = −0.40, p < 0.05) and a positive correlation with the PQ (rho September/October = 0.42, p < 0.05). These responses show that these trees are responding to flooding similar to the tree responses to drought. Regarding the climatic variation, the annual tree growth showed a negative correlation with the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), after the second half of the flooded period with the strongest correlation happening during the non-flooded period (rho December = −0.66, p < 0. 01). These conservative patterns in tree behavior also happened when the maximum temperature negatively affected the vessel diameter (rho September = −0.42, p < 0.05).DiscussionIn that case, we recognized two different moments that the environment is inducing conservative patterns in the xylem structure of those trees: 1) increasing the flood levels and 2) the high evaporative demand during the non-flooded period. In this way, the intensification of the hydrological regime, as well as the strong drought conditions during the non-flooded periods, can be a risk for H. corymbosa in the Central Amazonian floodplains.

Context: In the Peruvian context, generic drugs are those pharmaceutical products whose names correspond to the active ingredient of the drug and are not identified by a brand name; brand name drugs, on the other hand, are pharmaceutical products whose names are determined by the drug manufacturer. Aims: To know the perception of generic drugs by a Peruvian population. Methods: The type of research was applied, deductive method, non-experimental design, quantitative approach and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 218 inhabitants, who were submitted to a questionnaire where the study variable was measured. Results: The main results showed that the level of information on generic drugs among the study sample was low (74,3%), as was consumption (66,5%), the level of confidence in these drugs was low (64,7%) and, finally, the inhabitants indicated that they had little access to generic drugs in their area (68,8%). Conclusions: The general perception of the study population towards generic drugs was low.

This paper proposes two types of electro-refractive optical modulator structures as a fully CMOS-compatible alternative solution. These modulators leverage the properties of amorphous (top) and crystalline (bottom) silicon films surrounding silicon nitride waveguides operating in the C-band communications range at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Various structures have been demonstrated and explored to compete with or surpass the current state-of-the-art performance of thermal tuners, the most widely used tuning mechanism in silicon nitride integrated photonics. Designs utilizing vertical and lateral p–n junctions with amorphous or crystalline films have been simulated and proposed. For the lateral p–n junctions, modulator lengths to achieve a π phase shift smaller than 287 μm have been demonstrated for the TE mode and that smaller than 1937 μm for the TM mode, reaching 168 μm in the case of a lateral p–n junction that is completely a p-doped region over or under the waveguide for TE, and 1107 μm for TM. Power consumption is higher for the TM modes than for the TE, being in the order of 100 mW for the former and lower than 23 mW for the latter. The modulators exhibit higher losses for amorphous material compared to crystalline, with losses smaller than 10.21 dB and 3.2 dB, respectively. The vertical p–n junctions present a larger footprint than the lateral ones, 5.03 mm for TE and 38.75 mm for TM, with losses lower than 3.16 dB and 3.95 dB, respectively, for the crystalline silicon. Also, their power consumption is on the order of 21 mW for TE and 164 mW for TM.

La relación entre gestión pública y desarrollo sostenible ha sido estudiada a fondo mediante una revisión literaria global. Este análisis exploratorio examinó 50 artículos de revistas profesionales entre 2019 y 2021, seleccionados por criterios estrictos en temas de participación ciudadana y gestión pública. Los resultados revelaron cómo la gestión pública se vincula con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible a través de fases clave como la prospectiva, estrategia e institucionalización, junto con el seguimiento. Se concluyó que centrarse en la gestión pública y su integración con el desarrollo sostenible es crucial para el funcionamiento efectivo de las instituciones gubernamentales, con énfasis en la planificación, control y ejecución adecuados, así como el mantenimiento sostenible de servicios públicos y una administración eficiente de recursos económicos.

Background: Encyclia, is a genus with more than 200 species in the Neotropics, eight of which have been previously reported from Peru. During the evaluation of the orchid flora in the forests of the Sicchez district, a small population of an Encyclia species was found that could not be unequivocally matched to any previously known species in the country. Questions: Will the recent explorations of Northern Peru result in the reporting of new taxa for the country? Studied species: Orchidaceae, Laeliinae, Encyclia Hook, Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson Study site and dates: Sicchez District, Ayabaca Province, Piura Department, Peru, 2022-2023. Methods: Specimens were collected and determined by consulting botanical collections available online, taxonomic treatments, checklists, and specialized literature. The conservation status was assessed according to IUCN methodology. Results: We report a novelty for Peru, Encyclia naranjapatensis, and an updated description including morphological information on relevant structures that will be used to diagnose this entity. In addition, E. naranjapatensis is part of a basal clade referred to as the E. diurna species group. The conservation status assessment results in Endangered and the species is linked to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, an endangered ecosystem throughout the Neotropics. Conclusions: The recent entity located in Peru correspond to Encyclia naranjapatensis. This discovery allows us to investigate the geographical limits, discuss the phylogenetic and ecological affinities, update the original description, and evaluate its conservation status.

Brindar un servicio educativo de calidad implica el esfuerzo de las personas gestoras administrativas y docentes, con el fin de ofrecer servicios de educación básica de calidad, en aras de una formación completa de estudiantes. Es por eso que este artículo de revisión tiene la finalidad de destacar la evidencia disponible sobre la gestión administrativa en unidades de gestión educativa. Como metodología se realizó una revisión de artículos de la literatura científica en las bases de datos de Scielo, Scopus, Redalyc y Latindex, se tomaron en cuenta artículos cuyo contexto se ha desarrollado en países latinoamericanos. Como resultado se obtuvieron 10 artículos: 4 son de Scielo, 3 de Latindex y 3 de Redalyc, los cuales contienen las ideas más relevantes y cumplieron con los objetivos de esta revisión. Asimismo, el 20 % de los artículos seleccionados fueron investigaciones realizadas en Costa Rica, el 20 % en Colombia, el 10 % en Ecuador y el 50 % en Perú. Finalmente, se concluye que una buena gestión administrativa ayuda a liderar, comunicar y hacer pleno uso de los recursos humanos para lograr una educación de calidad y satisfacción laboral entre el personal docente. De igual manera, se espera que este artículo de revisión contribuya en investigaciones futuras.

Estudiar la conducta antisocial en adolescentes que realizan trabajo infantil, tiene un significado potencial al conocer el comportamiento considerando diversas variables sociodemográficas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los niveles de la conducta antisocial en adolescentes que están expuestos al trabajo infantil, considerando el sexo, grado de instrucción y grupo etario. Fue un estudio aplicado con un diseño descriptivo comparativo, participaron 151 adolescentes de la ciudad de Trujillo-Perú a quienes se les administró un cuestionario que mide la conducta antisocial y delictiva compuesto de 40 ítems. Los hallazgos más importantes demuestran que los adolescentes presentan niveles regulares y altos de comportamiento antisocial, los que no estudian, tienen tendencia a presentar mayor comportamiento antisocial, los adolescentes de 15 y 16 años presentan con más prevalencia este tipo de comportamiento. Por lo tanto, es importante desarrollar actividades de prevención con adolescentes entre las edades de 11 años tratando de instaurar estilos de vida más adaptativos y entrenamiento en habilidades sociales que les permitan tener una mayor calidad en las relaciones interpersonales, y con los adolescentes mayores 15 años, ayudaría mucho desarrollar estrategias de afrontamiento para tener un mejor desarrollo personal.

A small number of extraordinary “Major Evolutionary Transitions” (METs) have attracted attention among biologists. They comprise novel forms of individuality and information, and are defined in relation to organismal complexity, irrespective of broader ecosystem-level effects. This divorce between evolutionary and ecological consequences qualifies unicellular eukaryotes, for example, as a MET although they alone failed to significantly alter ecosystems. Additionally, this definition excludes revolutionary innovations not fitting into either MET type (e.g., photosynthesis). We recombine evolution with ecology to explore how and why entire ecosystems were newly created or radically altered – as Major System Transitions (MSTs). In doing so, we highlight important morphological adaptations that spread through populations because of their immediate, direct-fitness advantages for individuals. These are Major Competitive Transitions, or MCTs. We argue that often multiple METs and MCTs must be present to produce MSTs. For example, sexually-reproducing, multicellular eukaryotes (METs) with anisogamy and exoskeletons (MCTs) significantly altered ecosystems during the Cambrian. Therefore, we introduce the concepts of Facilitating Evolutionary Transitions (FETs) and Catalysts as key events or agents that are insufficient themselves to set a MST into motion, but are essential parts of synergies that do. We further elucidate the role of information in MSTs as transitions across five levels: (I) Encoded; (II) Epigenomic; (III) Learned; (IV) Inscribed; and (V) Dark Information. The latter is ‘authored’ by abiotic entities rather than biological organisms. Level IV has arguably allowed humans to produce a MST, and V perhaps makes us a FET for a future transition that melds biotic and abiotic life into one entity. Understanding the interactive processes involved in past major transitions will illuminate both current events and the surprising possibilities that abiotically-created information may produce.

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of absenteeism and presenteeism on the academic performance of undergraduate students from the Business and Engineering Schools in Peruvian Universities. The study is based on a self-report survey of 8,203 students from the business and engineering schools of Peruvian universities. Scales were used to analyze absenteeism, presenteeism and academic performance that showed suitable psychometric properties. The results showed that presenteeism has a higher impact on the academic performance of students ([beta] = 0.628) compared to absenteeism ([beta] = 0.101). Absenteeism has a greater effect on courses and disapproved terms (Beta = 0.163) and presenteeism, on the evolution of academic performance ([beta] = -0.145). Finally, by means of a model of structural equations, the causal structure of the academic performance decrease from absenteeism and presenteeism is proven.