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Skin hyperpigmentation is a common disorder often associated with various diseases. Melanogenesis is the formation of pigment called melanin in the cells of skin. This process primarily requires the amino acids tyrosine and L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Consequently, many skin-whitening cosmetics aim to inhibit melanin formation by targeting tyrosinase activity or scavenging L-DOPA. In this study, the brown seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis, collected from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, was investigated for its anti-melanogenic potential through its methanolic extract. The potential of antioxidant in the algae-derived solution was found to be 2.8mg/ g dry weight comparable to ascorbic acid. Phytochemical analysis revealed a total phenol content of 1.87mg/ g dry weight comparable to gallic acid. The flavonoid composition was found to be 0.86mg/ g dry weight comparable to rutin. The anti-melanogenic potential of Hormophysa cuneiformis extract was estimated by assessing its cytotoxic impact on the viability of B16F1 melanoma cells via MTT assay using different concentrations compared to kojic acid. Additionally, the inhibition of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was analyzed following addition of different doses of the algal extract. The results demonstrated that the algal extract suppressed both extra and intra-cellular activity of tyrosinase in melanoma cells. The intracellular tyrosinase suppression was further confirmed by zymography, which analyzed the expression level of tyrosinase as a protein compound. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that Hormophysa cuneiformis extract possesses significant anti-melanogenic activity, making it a promising candidate for development as a novel natural cosmeceutical compound for skin whitening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padina pavonica, Hormophysa cuneiformis, and Corallina officinalis are three types of algae that are assumed to be used as antibacterial agents. Our study's goal was to look into algal extracts' potential to be used as food preservative agents and to evaluate their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in several meat products (pastirma, beef burger, luncheon, minced meat, and kofta) from the local markets in Alexandria, Egypt. By testing their antibacterial activity, results demonstrated that Padina pavonica showed the highest antibacterial activity towards Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Padina pavonica extract also possesses most phenolic and flavonoid content overall. It has 24 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 7.04 mg catechol equivalent/g, respectively. Moreover, the algae extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity, and the findings were measured using ascorbic acid as a benchmark. The IC50 of ascorbic acid was found to be 25.09 μg/mL, while Padina pavonica exhibited an IC50 value of 267.49 μg/mL, Corallina officinalis 305.01 μg/mL, and Hormophysa cuneiformis 325.23 μg/mL. In this study, Padina pavonica extract was utilized in three different concentrations (Treatment 1 g/100 g, Treatment 2 g/100 g, and Treatment 3 g/100 g) on beef burger as a model. The results showed that as the concentration of the extract increased, the bacterial inhibition increased over time. Bacillus cereus was found to be the most susceptible to the extract, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the least. In addition, Padina pavonica was confirmed to be a safe compound through cytotoxicity testing. After conducting a sensory evaluation test, it was confirmed that Padina pavonica in meat products proved to be a satisfactory product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padina pavonica, Hormophysa cuneiformis, and Corallina officinalis are three types of algae that are assumed to be used as antibacterial agents. Our study’s goal was to look into algal extracts’ potential to be used as food preservative agents and to evaluate their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in several meat products (pastirma, beef burger, luncheon, minced meat, and kofta) from the local markets in Alexandria, Egypt. By testing their antibacterial activity, results demonstrated that Padina pavonica showed the highest antibacterial activity towards Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Padina pavonica extract also possesses most phenolic and flavonoid content overall. It has 24 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 7.04 mg catechol equivalent/g, respectively. Moreover, the algae extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity, and the findings were measured using ascorbic acid as a benchmark. The IC50 of ascorbic acid was found to be 25.09 μg/mL, while Padina pavonica exhibited an IC50 value of 267.49 μg/mL, Corallina officinalis 305.01 μg/mL, and Hormophysa cuneiformis 325.23 μg/mL. In this study, Padina pavonica extract was utilized in three different concentrations (Treatment 1 g/100 g, Treatment 2 g/100 g, and Treatment 3 g/100 g) on beef burger as a model. The results showed that as the concentration of the extract increased, the bacterial inhibition increased over time. Bacillus cereus was found to be the most susceptible to the extract, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the least. In addition, Padina pavonica was confirmed to be a safe compound through cytotoxicity testing. After conducting a sensory evaluation test, it was confirmed that Padina pavonica in meat products proved to be a satisfactory product.

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Biological effects of extracts obtained from the seaweeds Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F.Gmelin) P.C.Silva and Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Bùrgesen were investigated using wheat for the improvement of growth and amelioration of the negative effects of soil salinity. Exposure of plants to salt stress resulted in an overall decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and soluble sugars, as well as nutrient uptake (i.e., K, Ca and Mg) and K+/Na+ ratio. At the same time, increases were found in proline, total free amino acids, phenolic compounds, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+ ions, as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Priming wheat seeds with H. cuneiformis and A. fragilis extracts mitigated the negative impacts of salinity by enhancing growth and all the above attributes except MDA and Na+. Treatments with H. cuneiformis or A. fragilis extracts resulted in an increased intensity of the polypeptide bands with 200, 159, 120, 40, and 22 KDa which were already apparent in the control. A. fragilis showed higher effectiveness than H. cuneiformis extracts under both control and stressed regimes. Our results highlight “biofertilizer” properties of two seaweeds and furnish mechanistic insight into their salinity-improvement action, which is pertinent for both applied and basic research.

Abstract The brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam was used to isolate a mixture of sulfated polysaccharides FHC , which was fractionated further by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The main fraction F3 eluted with 1.5 M NaCl contained essentially l -fucose, d -galactose and sulfate and has very complex NMR spectra. Desulfation to obtain F3deS followed by Smith degradation to obtain F3deS-Sm was used to simplify the structure of F3 , and all these preparations were characterized by methylation analysis and NMR spectra. A linear (1 → 3)-linked backbone built up of α- l -fucopyranose residues was identified as the main structural motif of molecules. Some fucose residues attached to position 4 of its 3-linked neighbor were found as branches. Galactose residues having both α- and β-configurations were found mostly at the periphery of molecules. They are present as (1 → 6)-linked disaccharide of two β- d -Gal p attached to position 4 of the backbone or as single α- d -Gal p attached to the same position. Sulfate groups in F3 may probably occupy any positions of the molecule. F3 acts as anticoagulant and is about half as active as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). FHC was practically inactive in cytotoxicity test against six human cancer cell lines. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A fucoidan preparation was isolated from the brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis. • Fractionation of fucoidan was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography. • Anticoagulant activity of fractions was shown to depend on degree of sulfation. • Polysaccharide structures were studied by chemical and spectral methods. • The presence of a sulfated branched galactofucan was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological effects of extracts obtained from the seaweeds Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F.Gmelin) P.C.Silva and Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Bùrgesen were investigated using wheat for the improvement of growth and amelioration of the negative effects of soil salinity. Exposure of plants to salt stress resulted in an overall decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and soluble sugars, as well as nutrient uptake (i.e., K, Ca and Mg) and K+/Na+ ratio. At the same time, increases were found in proline, total free amino acids, phenolic compounds, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+ ions, as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Priming wheat seeds with H. cuneiformis and A. fragilis extracts mitigated the negative impacts of salinity by enhancing growth and all the above attributes except MDA and Na+. Treatments with H. cuneiformis or A. fragilis extracts resulted in an increased intensity of the polypeptide bands with 200, 159, 120, 40, and 22 KDa which were already apparent in the control. A. fragilis showed higher effectiveness than H. cuneiformis extracts under both control and stressed regimes. Our results highlight "biofertilizer" properties of two seaweeds and furnish mechanistic insight into their salinity-improvement action, which is pertinent for both applied and basic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the results of a study of volatile compounds from the brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis collected off the northwest coast of Qatar in May 2002. For this work two extraction methods were used: conventional hydrodistillation of the crude diethyl ether extract of the alga and supercritical CO2 extraction of the same crude extract with two different stationary phases for the trapping. The volatiles obtained from both methods were compared after analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were squalene, described for the first time in a large amount from a macroalga, fatty acids and corresponding esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]