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Industry 4.0 technology is promoted as improving manufacturing flexibility, and competitiveness; though Australia has been slow to adopt. The Australian Navy shipbuilding program provides opportunities for accelerating technology adoption, revitalising manufacturing productivity and competitiveness. Adopting a sociotechnical systems lens, our research sought to identify usability, workload, and user experience of an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR-HMD) deployed to complete multiple work tasks in a workflow (electrical assembly, collaborative robot (cobot) mediated inspection, and remote troubleshooting using video call). Usability was rated 'average' (System Usability Scale mean = 69.8) and workload 'acceptable' (NASA Task Load Index mean = 25.8) for the AR-HMD alone, with usability of the integrated work system (IWS) rated 'good' (SUS mean = 79.2). Results suggest software interfaces, tracking, and gesturing methods for the AR-HMD require improvement. This trial shows the AR-HMD provides a versatile platform for integrating multiple digital technologies without hindering effectiveness of end-user performance, potentially benefiting productivity and quality.

The study used public reporting data supplied by the South Australian Divisions of General Practice to examine their role and significance in supporting diabetes care in general practice. Data sources included the Annual Survey of Divisions 2002-07, and Divisions 12-month reports against National Performance Indicators for 2006-07. Results showed that Divisions combine collaboration, practice support and GP education approaches to support optimal diabetes care within general practice. Divisions commonly described their collaborative achievements in terms of connecting general practice with other diabetes providers, services, information and resources. Practice support and educational activities, which were highly interrelated, often focussed on strengthening use of chronic disease Medical Benefit Schedule items, practice nurse roles and computer and information management systems. In this way, Divisions strengthened primary care team functioning to achieve good communication and consistent standards of care between team members. Divisions detailed a range of strategies that worked well in delivering these practice-level outcomes, with implications for wider Network learning and development. These publicly available data sources provide scope for decision makers and researchers to explore other aspects of Divisions' roles and performance.

This case study details the process and lessons learnt from converting a compulsory comprehensive organisational survey from email to online format. The conversion was undertaken to improve data quality and reduce respondent burden. Key considerations in developing the online survey were ease of use, security and access. The new intuitive system allowed simultaneous access for multiple users, and incorporated dynamic indicators of progress and validation of numeric data. Reactions to the survey were mainly positive -- about 75% of user feedback was positive or neutral, they reported the survey was "user friendly" and preferred the online format. Negative comments focused predominantly on the feature of expanding and collapsing questions which these respondents found difficult to manage. Administration of the survey was streamlined, with considerable reduction in time spent in checking and correcting responses for both respondents and data collectors. Although substantial improvements were recognised and appreciated by many users, it is important to acknowledge that users adapt to new technology at different speeds, and adequate support needs to be implemented for all users.

Background: The Identifying Depression as a Comorbid Condition (IDACC) study aimed to identify depressive symptoms in hospitalised cardiac patients and support management of depression in general practice., Objective: This post hoc analysis of the IDACC trial examines the effectiveness and practicality of different forms of communication between hospital psychiatric services and general practitioners., Methods: We randomised 669 cardiac inpatients with depressive symptoms, identified with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), to an intervention or usual care control group. Individual depression scores and depression management guidelines were sent to GPs of all intervention patients. Where possible, psychiatric advice was provided to the GP either by multidisciplinary enhanced primary care case conference or one-to-one telephone advice., Results: Multidisciplinary case conferences were implemented for only 24% of intervention patients. General practitioners received individual telephone advice in 40% of cases, and 36% received written information only. The psychiatrist telephone advice resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with moderate to severe depression 12 months after cardiac hospitalisation (19% vs. 35%)., Discussion: Screening, combined with psychiatrist telephone advice to GPs, was simple to organise and effective in reducing depression severity after cardiac admission.

This paper reports on the results from 2620 South Australians who participated in the 2003 Patient Evaluation of Hospital Services. Patients were found to be generally satisfied with the care, services and amenities provided, with a statewide overall score of 86.3. Satisfaction was lowest in the patients' assessment of their involvement in their own care and treatment. Three demographic factors (younger age, female sex or tertiary education) predicted lower levels of satisfaction in the multivariate analysis, whereas living with others, non-emergency admission or admission to smaller hospitals were found to predict higher satisfaction. Despite administrative and organisational difficulties, and limited current evidence of increased quality or satisfaction, it is considered important to continue satisfaction research with the goal of encouraging the development of action plans for improvement of care, services and amenities.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on depressive symptoms in cardiac patients of patient-specific advice to general practitioners regarding management of comorbid depression., Design and Setting: A randomised controlled trial in four general hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia., Participants: Patients (n = 669) admitted to cardiology units for a range of cardiovascular conditions who were screened and assessed as being depressed according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)., Intervention: Inpatient psychiatric review, followed by telephone case conferencing between specialist hospital staff and GPs to provide patient-specific information about the patient's depression and its management, educational material, and ongoing clinical support., Main Outcome Measures: Level of depression severity at 12 months post-hospitalisation., Results: On the basis of intention to treat, intervention patients had lower rates of moderate to severe depression (CES-D > or = 27) after 12 months (25% v 35%, relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.96, number needed to treat for benefit, 11). The intervention was most effective in preventing progression from mild depression to moderate to severe depression. The multidisciplinary telephone case conferencing was difficult to implement and, in a post hoc analysis, brief phone advice from a psychiatrist was found to be effective., Conclusions: Screening hospitalised cardiac patients for depression and providing targeted advice to their GPs reduces depression severity 12 months after hospitalisation.

Objective: Depression occurs comorbidly in patients hospitalized for a range of cardiac conditions and procedures. This study examines the fluctuations in depressive symptomatology from index hospitalization to 3 months after hospitalization and determines predictors of depression 3 months after hospital admission for a cardiac condition or procedure., Methods: Baseline clinical and demographic variables collected from a prospective study of the natural history of depression in 833 hospitalized cardiac patients were entered into a multinomial regression analysis., Results: Similar proportions of participants were found to have no, mild, or moderate to severe depression at baseline and at 3 months, although 35.8% of participants had moved from one depression level to another during that period. Baseline characteristics predicting depression at 3 months after hospitalization were: a mild or moderate to severe level of depressive symptoms at hospitalization; younger age; smoking; self-reported previous diagnosis of a cardiac condition; and self-reported history of depression, anxiety, or stress., Conclusions: The five clinically accessible variables identified as predictors in this study may assist physicians in identification of cardiac patients who are at risk of persistent depression and who may require active intervention. Given that depression in cardiac patients is related to increased mortality and morbidity and that it is currently poorly diagnosed, these findings may have implications for preventing adverse outcomes.

Background: Given the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the high rates of depression among cardiac patients, there is a need to develop practical ways to identify this population and provide pragmatic general-practitioner-based interventions for managing depression as a comorbid condition., Method: The Identifying Depression As a Comorbid Condition (IDACC) study employed a hybrid design, incorporating a randomized controlled trial nested within a prospective cohort study. IDACC screened for depression in patients hospitalized in South Australia for a range of cardiac conditions, with outcome measures monitored for 12 months after discharge. The subgroup identified as depressed was entered into the nested IDACC trial, which tests the hypothesis that identifying depression and offering an evidence-based intervention to general practitioners, incorporating multidisciplinary telephone case conferencing, will reduce levels of depression, improve quality of life, and reduce associated economic costs., Results: At baseline, 46.3% of 1455 participants screened were classified as depression cases on the basis of their score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (> or =16) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (> or =8). Elevated scores were associated with being younger, female, divorced or separated, not employed, living alone, having a lower level of education, and having poorer health and quality of life. Nearly one fifth (19.4%) of participants had Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores >27, which is indicative of major depression., Conclusions: This project confirms, in an Australian setting, the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among hospitalized cardiac patients. Follow-up over 12 months will enhance understanding of the natural history of depression in cardiac patients, while the nested trial will inform on effectiveness of an intervention involving tailored advice and support to general practitioners.